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植物研究 ›› 1986, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1): 43-53.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

延龄草(Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.)的胚胎学研究初报Ⅰ.——大孢子的发生及雌配子体的形成

李平, 郑学经   

  1. 四川大学生物系, 四川成都
  • 出版日期:1986-03-15 发布日期:2016-06-13

INVESTIGATION ON EMBRYOLOGY OF TRILLIUM TSCHONOSKⅡ MAXIM.Ⅰ.——MEGASPOROGENESIS AND THE FORMATION OF THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE

Li Ping, Zheng Xue-jing   

  1. Department of biology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
  • Online:1986-03-15 Published:2016-06-13

摘要: 本文描述延龄草(Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.)的大孢子发生,雌配子体的形成和雄配子体的形态。胚珠为倒生型,双珠被,厚珠心型。胎座为侧膜胎座向中轴胎座的过渡类型,胶囊发育为葱型的变异型。孢原细胞直接发生于幼胚珠的珠心表皮细胞之下,孢原细胞平周分裂,形成初生周缘细胞及初生造孢细胞。初生周缘细胞分裂先于初生造孢细胞,分裂结果与珠心表皮细胞共同形成了珠心组织。初生造孢细胞进一步发育,形成大孢子母细胞。大孢子母细胞经减数第一次分裂后,即出现壁,形成二分体。一般是珠孔端二分体细胞小于合点端二分体细胞,但偶尔也见到前者大于后者的情况。在二分体形成后珠孔端二分体细胞立即退化、或经减数第二次分裂后再退化(该次分裂多为斜向的)。合点端二分体细胞发育,经二核胚囊,四核胚囊,六核胚囊阶段至成熟胚囊。一般在珠孔端的周围淀粉粒丰富,并先于合点端的核进行分裂。珠孔端由二个助细胞,一个卵细胞构成卵器,助细胞具钩突,并具丝状器,两个极核。合点端常见多核仁的大核,成熟胚囊未见八核。成熟花粉粒为二细胞的,花药壁具变形绒毡层,花粉中充满淀粉粒。沼生目型胚乳。

Abstract: The Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. is distributed in Mt. Emei of Sichuan. The ovule is of anatropus and crassinucellate type. When mature, it has two layers of integuments, of which,the outer one consists of two-three layers of cells, whilc the inner of two. The micropyle is formed by both integuments.A unicellular archesporium is derived from the hypodermal cell at the tip of the young nucellus, which divides to form a parietal cell and a sporgenous cell. The magaspore mather cell is formed from the development of the sporogenous cell and gives rise to a bisporie embryo sac. The first meiotic division is acconpanied by wall formation, so that a dyad is formed.Usually the chalazal dyad cell is bigger than the micropolar one and is fill by many starch grains. Only one of the dyad cells undergoes the second meiotic division whereas the other one degenerates. In the functional dyad cell wall formation does not occur of the second meiotic division and both magaspore nuclei contribute to the formation of embryo sac, which is derived from the chalazal dyad cell. The mature embryo sac is not magasporogenesis and megagametophyte development is something deviated from the normal type of the Allium. Synergids have filiform apparatus at its upper end.The mature male gametophyte pollen grain is two cells. The wall of undifferentiated anther showed the existence of amoeboid topetum. The endosperm is Holobial type.