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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 802-812.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.05.003

• 综述文章 • 上一篇    下一篇

雌雄异株药用植物性别二态性驱动次生代谢分化的生态机制及其对药材质量形成的意义

谢婷1, 耿健2, 高浩洁3, 王泽平4, 陈娟5, 夏志超1()   

  1. 1.安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥 230036
    2.山西省太行山国有林管理局,晋中 032700
    3.山西省关帝山国有林管理局吴城种子园,吕梁 033000
    4.河北省张家口市宣化林场,张家口 075100
    5.长沙理工大学建筑学院,长沙 410076
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 夏志超 E-mail:zhichaoxia@ahau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:谢婷(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物性别生态学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省林业科技创新项目(AHLYKJCX-2026-03);第五批林草科技创新青年拔尖人才项目(2025132023);安徽农业大学高层次人才科研启动经费(rc372210)

Ecological Mechanisms of Sexual Dimorphism-Driven Secondary Metabolic Differentiation in Dioecious Medicinal Plants and Their Implications for Medicinal Material Quality

Ting XIE1, Jian GENG2, Haojie GAO3, Zeping WANG4, Juan CHEN5, Zhichao XIA1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036
    2.Shanxi Taihang Mountain State-Owned Forest Management Bureau,Jinzhong 032700
    3.Wucheng Seed Orchard of Guandi Mountain State-owned Forest Administration Bureau,Lüliang 033000
    4.Xuanhua Forest Farm of Zhangjiakou City of Hebei Province,Zhangjiakou 075100
    5.College of Architecture,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410076
  • Received:2026-07-16 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Zhichao XIA E-mail:zhichaoxia@ahau.edu.cn

摘要:

雌雄异株植物的性别二态性不仅体现了繁殖策略的分化,也深刻影响资源配置和次生代谢过程。然而,关于植物性别二态性影响药用植物化学组成、药材质量形成及其生态学机制,目前仍缺乏系统认识。本文系统综述了雌雄异株药用植物次生代谢产物性别差异的研究进展,重点阐述了资源分配策略、植物激素调控、转录调控网络及环境因子互作等驱动性别代谢分化的生态学和分子机制,并进一步探讨了植物性别对药材质量控制及药效物质基础形成的潜在影响。现有研究表明,植物性别可显著影响多类次生代谢产物的组成及积累模式,并通过资源获取与分配策略、环境适应及代谢网络重塑,形成具有性别特征的化学型(sex-specific chemotypes)。植物性别是影响雌雄异株药用植物药材质量形成的重要生物学因素,也是导致药材化学组成及潜在药理活性差异的重要来源。然而,性别相关的化学差异具有明显的物种特异性和环境依赖性,其对药效及临床应用的直接影响仍缺乏充分证据。未来应加强植物生态学、化学生态学、植物代谢生物学及药学等多学科交叉融合,结合多组学技术、长期生态观测和标准化药效评价,阐明植物性别差异如何通过资源获取与分配策略调节次生代谢过程,进而影响药材质量形成的生态机制,为雌雄异株药用植物资源的精准利用、中药质量控制及现代化发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 雌雄异株, 性别二态性, 次生代谢产物, 中药质量控制, 药用植物

Abstract:

Sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants reflects divergent reproductive strategies and profoundly influences resource allocation and secondary metabolism. However, the effects of sexual dimorphism on the chemical composition, medicinal quality, and underlying ecological mechanisms of medicinal plants remain insufficiently understood. This review summarized recent advances regarding sexual dimorphism in the secondary metabolites of dioecious medicinal plants. This paper focused on the ecological and molecular mechanisms driving sex-specific metabolic differentiation, including resource allocation strategies, phytohormone regulation, transcriptional networks, and environmental interactions. Furthermore, this paper explored the implications of plant sex for medicinal material quality control and the formation of bioactive constituents. Current evidence indicates that plant sex significantly influences the composition and accumulation of diverse secondary metabolites, promoting sex-specific chemotypes through coordinated regulation of resource acquisition and allocation, environmental adaptation, and metabolic reprogramming. Plant sex represents a critical biological factor influencing medicinal quality and contributing to chemical variation in medicinal materials. However, sex-related chemical variations exhibit strong species-specificity and environmental dependence, and their direct effects on pharmacological efficacy and clinical applications lack sufficient empirical support. Future research should foster interdisciplinary integration among plant ecology, chemical ecology, plant metabolic biology, and pharmaceutical sciences. By combining multi-omics approaches, long-term ecological observations, and standardized bioactivity evaluations, future studies should establish a conceptual framework linking plant sex, resource acquisition and allocation, secondary metabolic networks, and medicinal quality. Such efforts will elucidate the ecological mechanisms underlying sex-driven medicinal quality formation and provide theoretical foundations for the precise utilization of dioecious medicinal plant resources, quality control of traditional Chinese medicines, and their modernization.

Key words: dioecious plants, sexual dimorphism, secondary metabolites, quality control of traditional Chinese medicines, medicinal plants

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