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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 119-129.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.01.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

艾花不同物候期挥发性成分特征及花粉形态和发育过程

陈昌婕1, 马钰洋1, 方艳1, 刘大会1,2()   

  1. 1.湖北中医药大学药学院,武汉 430065
    2.湖北时珍实验室,武汉 430065
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘大会 E-mail:liudahui@hbucm.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈昌婕(1996—),女,博士研究生,主要从事中药资源与中药质量评价研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3503804);国家自然科学基金项目(32270391);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AFA032)

Characteristics of Volatile Components in Different Phenological Stages and Pollen Morphology and Developmental Process of Artemisia argyi

Changjie CHEN1, Yuyang MA1, Yan FANG1, Dahui LIU1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065
    2.Hubei Shizhen Laboratory,Wuhan 430065
  • Received:2024-07-19 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-23
  • Contact: Dahui LIU E-mail:liudahui@hbucm.edu.cn

摘要:

在艾(Artemisia argyi)花不同发育期进行形态学观察并利用GC-MS测定其挥发性成分含量,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察花粉结构并利用透射电镜观察花粉的发育过程。结果发现:艾为椭圆形头状花序,盛开艾花花冠呈紫色或黄色。艾花中桉油精、左旋樟脑、龙脑等大部分药用挥发性成分相对含量随艾花开放逐渐降低,而侧柏酮相对含量呈逐渐上升的趋势。艾花粉为3萌发孔和3孔沟结构,表面有刺状-颗粒状复合纹饰,刺为钝形刺,刺间有颗粒状凸起,形状为圆球形和长球形,存在花粉二型现象。观察花粉母细胞时期、单核小孢子时期、双核花粉时期、花粉成熟期的花粉特征及花粉囊中环境变化过程,发现花药中存在大量异常花粉粒。该研究对艾花及花粉特征进行了系统研究,可为艾的形态学、孢粉学和繁殖学研究提供参考。

关键词: 艾花, 挥发性成分, 孢粉, 花部特征, 花部发育

Abstract:

The morphology of Artemisia argyi flowers at various developmental stages was observed, and the contents of volatile components were determined using GC-MS. The pollen structure was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the pollen development process was observed under a transmission electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that A. argyi had oval head inflorescence with purple or yellow corolla at blooming, the relative content of most medicinal volatile components such as eucalyptol, camphor and borneol decreased with blooming, while the content of thujone gradually increased. The pollen of A. argyi had the structure of three germination pores and three channels, and the surface was adorned with a thorny, granular compound ornament, and the thorns were blunt and interspersed with granular protrusions, spherical and oblong in shape, exhibiting pollen dimorphism. By observing the characteristics of pollen mother cell stage, mononuclear microspore stage, binucleate pollen stage, pollen maturation stage and the environmental change process in the pollen sac, it was found that there were a large number of abnormal pollen grainsin the A. argyi anthers. The characteristics of A. argyi flowers and pollens were systematically investigated, which would provide a reference for morphological, palynological, and reproductive research on A. argyi.

Key words: Artemisia argyi flower, volatile components, sporopollen, floral traits, floral development

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