Table of Content

15 December 1987, Volume 7 Issue 4

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NOTES ON TRIB.LAUREAE(LAURACEAE)

Tsui Hung-pin

1987, 7(4):  1-10. 

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This paper discusses some problems on trib. Laureae as follows:1. The trib. Laureae, represented dy Laurus, differs from the trib. Cinnamomeae Baill. in the involucral bracts decussate. It is most probable that the pseudo-umbel is a shortened, metamorphic flowering shoot. Its leaves transform into involucral bracts at the base of the pseudo-umbel. The spiral arrangment of involucral bracts precedes that of decussate type. 2. In Fl. R. P. S. 31:242. 1982, the systematic position of Actinodaphne being included in trib. Litseeae Mex is inappro-priate. For its alternate involucral bracts Actinodaphne should belong to the trib. Cinnamomeae Baill. 3. The type-specimen Exped. Pl. Qing-Zang 74-2728, para-types Exped. Pl. Qing-Zang "budian" 75-1618, Yü 17296 and Yü 20204 of Litsea monantha Yang et P. H. Huang had been cited by Li (1985) and paratypes Yü 17296, 20204 by D. G. Long(1984) under Dodecadenia grandiflora Nees. I have examined the type-specimen Exped. Pl. Qing-Zang 74-2728 (♂) and paratype Exped. Pl. Qing-Zang "budian" 75-1618 (♀). They have unis-exual flowers separately, so I transfer Litsea monantha Yang et P. H. Huang to Actinodaphne. 4. There are many important characters common to Iteada-phne Blume and Lindera Thunb. (see tab. 1.). The author agree with the opinion of A. J. G. H. Kostermans that Iteadaphne Blume should be reduced to Lindera Thunb. as a subgenus, Lindera subgen. Iteadaphne (Bl.) Kosterm. 5. The diagnostic character of genus parasassafras enumerated by Long are so vague that there is no clear distinction between Parasassafras and Actinodaphne. I reduce Parasassafras to Actinodaphne here. 6. H. W. Li established a new monotypic genus Sinosassafras based on S. flavinervia (Allen) H. W. Li (Lindera flavinervia Allen). The specimen Yü 18160 is type of Lindera flavinervia Allen and Yü 17245 is its paratype. They are kept in the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. I had an opportunity to examine the duplicate specimens of these numbers in Kun-ming Institute of Botany. Unfortunately the involucral bracts of these specimens had fallen, and whether they are alternate or decussate is uncertain. I had also examined another specimen of Lindera flavinervia Allen, C. W. Wang 72183, which was collected in Chen-Kang Hsien, Province Yunnan, the same locality of the paratype of Lindera flavinervia Allen. The invol-ucral bracts of the specimen C. W. Wang 72183 are evidently decussate. I consider that the involucral bracts of Lindera flavin-ervia Allen are decussate, and therefore Sinosassafras H. W. Li should be reduced to Lindera Thunb. 7. The monotypical genus of Umbellularia Nutt. is the mem-bers of trib. Cinnamomeae Baill. However, it is very alike to the members of trib. Laureae with its pseudo-umbel and 2 almost opposite outer involucral bracts.

A STUDY OF THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS BUNGE IN CHINA

Fu Pei-yun

1987, 7(4):  11-55. 

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There are 29 species, 6 varieties and 6 forms from the genus which has been confirmed to occur in China based on fully studying the genus, in which 4 species, 3 varieties, 3 forms, 2 combinations of variety and 3 combinations of form are new. There are totaly 59 species recorded from the genus before, in which 14 species were considered as synonyms in this study. two species are doubtable and need more reseach to clear up in the future. The genus is so related to the genus Lespedeza that it's clas sificatory position has been a confusion since 19 century. It has been treated as a subgenus or a section of Lespedeza. It was not recognized by most of authors as a distinct genus until the last decades though there arc still some different opinions about it. Comparing the two groups of plants from Campylotropis and Lespedeza, it is quite clear that the former is a distinct genus different enough from the genus Lespedeza because of the features of the keel much incurved, acute and elongeted to a rost-riformed tip, caducous bracteole and little smaller meshes on the surface of pollens which make it a good genus besides other features. Moreover, the genus may have evolved from the section Macrolespedeza of the genus Lespedeza according to this study. The main evolutionary trend of the plants from Campylotrotis is that the persistent bract is more primitive feature than the caducous bract; the keel with much elongeted and acute long-rostriformed tip evolved from the one with brevirostriformed tip; the diadelphus stamen detached at the base developed into the one coherent at different levels. But it is difficult to make the intrageneric divisions of the genus because the features of the plants are not stable and overlaping to each other, which is resulting from their uneven evolution. The genus is distributed in the South-east part of Asia. As shown in the Table 1 and Figure 1, the distribution region is that the eastern boundary line is in the East China including Taiwan; toward the south only one species occur in Java in a disjunctive way and the northern boundary line is in the North China and Korea where only one species occurs. there are about 45 species from the genus on the earth, in which 29 species occur in China (not including the two doubtable species).Among 29 species 28 species are distributed in the Southwest China only, in which 20 species are endemic and originated here.Some of these plants are primitive and others more advanced. The number of species from the genus gradually or sharp reduced as their distribution areas deviate from the center of distribution, the South-west China to any directions. Moreover, it is the South-west China that is the region where the distri-bution area of the section Macrolespedeza of Lespedeza is overla-ping with the most of species of Campylotropis including the primitive ones. The following conclusion may be derived from the discussion above that the South-west China is not only the center of distribution and one of differentiation centers, but probable origination of the genus. Furthermore, the origination should be related to the differentiation and development of the section Macrolespedeza of Lespedeza after it arrived in the region of the South-west China (see Table 2).

A NEW SPECIES OF THE HEPATICAE

Gao Chien, Bai En-zhong, Li Chien

1987, 7(4):  57-61. 

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STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMETOPHYTES OF FERNS FORM NORTH-EASTERN CHINA Ⅳ.ADIANTACEAE

Bao Wen-mei, Aur Chih-wen, Liu Bao-dong

1987, 7(4):  63-71. 

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The deyelopment of gametophytes of Adiantum pedatum L. was sas studied. The spore is tetrahedral, 28.93×42.57u, trilete and obtuse triangular in polar view, semiorbicular in equatorial view, with variously large or small lamellar flat ornamentations observed by scanning electron microscope. The pattern of spore germination is of centripetal type (Momose (1942). Generally the germ filaments develop 2-5 cells long, uniseriate, some-times to 7 cells long or multiseriate. The prothallial development is of the Adiantum type (Nayar 1971). The prothalli mature in 7-11 weeks after inoculum. They are naked and cordate, long obovate or broad obovata, length longer than width, about 5.5×4mm. The plants are strictly dioecious. The antheridia are long rounded globular, 50.68-55.1u in diameter. They always occur on the margin or surface of young prothalli. Its operculum is single. Each antheri-dium contaius about 30-31 spermatozoids, 30-49 flagellated.The archegonia develop on the midrib of matured prothalli.Its neck of is 5-6 celled high and reaches a length of 101.36-131.57u. Vegetative propagation is common in this species. The present work and another paper (Kachroo & Nayar 1953)show that the spore of genus Adiantum is tetrahedral and ger-mination pattern is centripetral, and its sex organs of that are rather large. It implies that these are common primitive char-ateristics of the genus. But the opereulum of antheridium of Adiantum pedatum is single, while the opcrculum of other speciesit divided (Kachroo & Nayar 1953). If single operculm isan advanced charater, Adiantum pedatum might be higher evolutionary level in this genus.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF POLYPORACEAE FROM THE NORTH GUANGDONG OF CHINA

Zheng Guo-yang, Bi Zhi-shu

1987, 7(4):  73-79. 

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This paper reports 3 new species of Polyporaceae collectedby the authors from the North Guangdong province of China.They are:Amylonotus tenuis Zheng et Bi, Wrightoporus subadusta Bi et Zheng, and Amylosporus daedaliformis Zheng et Bi,

STUDIES ON THE SPECIES OF LACTARIUS FROM NORTH GUANGDONG OF CHINA

Bi Zhi-shu, Li Tai-hui

1987, 7(4):  81-85. 

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In this paper nineteen species of Lactarius DC ex S.F.Gray collected from the North Guangdong Province of China are reported.Here includes one new species and eight new records in China.The new species is Lactarius squamulosus Bi et Li sp.nov.A key of all taxa has been provided. All species cited are deposited in the berbarium of the Institute of Microbiology of Province Guangdong.

NEW TAXA OF ACANTHOPANAX MIQ.FROM SICHUAN

Fang Xin-ping, Hsieh Chen-ko

1987, 7(4):  87-92. 

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STUDIES ON THE FAMILY ADOXACEAE

Li Shi-you, Ning Zhu-hua

1987, 7(4):  93-112. 

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The morphology, taxonomy of the family Adoxaceae are dealt with in the present paper.The author Proposes a new.-system of Adoxaceae based on the morphological anatomical and other features:Adoxa L. Subg.Tetradoxa (C.Y.Wu) S.Y.Li et Z.H.Ning I.Sect.Tetradoxa (C.Y.Wu) S.Y.Li et Z, H.Ning 1) A. omeiensis Hara Subg.Adoxa Ⅱ.Sect.Orientates (Nepomn.) S.Y.Li et Z.H..Ning 2) A.orientatis Nepomn. Ⅲ.Sect.Adoxa 3)A. inodora (Falc.ex C.B.clarke) Nepomn. 4) A.moschatellina a.var.moschatellina b.var.japonica Hara c.var.insularis (Nepomn.) S.Y.Li et Z.H.Ning Sinadoxa C.Y. Wu, Z.L.Wu et R.F.Huang 5) S.corydalifolia C.Y.Wu, 2.L, Wu et R.F.Huang. The Problem of variability and evolution of Adoxaceae has also been discussed.

EPIDERMAL HAIRS AND STROMATAL APPARATUS OF MORINDA L.UNDER THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Chen Qin-niang

1987, 7(4):  113-120. 

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Morinda officinalis How, together with Morinda shuanghuensis C.Y. Chen et M. S. Huang, belong to Morinda Linn. M. offici-nalis is thought ito be a king of Medicinal herbs and the M.Shuanghuensis a wild non-medicinal herbs. Because of their simi-larity in appearance between these two species, it is, therefore, necessary for us to distinguiss them in order to avoid us making mistakes in confusing one with the other. The work of distinguishing has been once carried out by south china Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, they, in the light of classication, put the emphasis on the description of appearance of each organs. there are no reports, up to this time, about that abroad. M. Shuanghuensis was once considered as a ecotype form. In spite of their similarity in appearance of their epidermal hairs and stomata on the leavers between M. officinalis and M. Shuang-huensis, their difference can, however, be distinguished. observing in an electronic microscope, we find difference in the length of puhescence, the size of stomata apparatus, the existence of tuherculate on the surface and whether is there and division of hair-cells, and finally whether is there stomatal apparatus paracytic type. we are now able to use the scanning electronic microscope to prove that they are evidentially two different species, medicinal and non-medicinal.

ANOMALOUS SECONDARY THICKENING IN THE ROOT OF MEDICINAL SPECIES OF PHYTOLACCA ACINOSA ROXB

Zhang Hong, Hu Zheng-hai

1987, 7(4):  121-132. 

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Developmental studies nave been made of anomalous secondary thickening in the root of medicinal species of Fhytclacca acincsa Rcxb. in order to bring about the initiation and formation of the anomalous secondary vascular cylinder. It has been found that both the primary and the early secondary structures resemble those of most of the dicotyledons. Subsequently, 5-7 rings of anomalous cambia, however, develop in the outside of the vascular cylinder centrifugally. The first ring initials from the parenchyma and ray cells of the secondary phloem, and the succeeding ones arise periodically by periclinal divisions in a layer of parenchyma cells two or three cells beyond the outmost intact phloem derived from the current cambium. Each cambium forms a few of parenchyma cells on both sides before it forms derivatives into lignified xylem elements or conductive elements of the phloem. The parenchyma thus formed toward the outside later becomes the site of the origin of the succeeding cambium. The cambium produces fasicular strands, showing centrifugal differentiation of xylem and centripetal differentiation of phloem on opposite sides of the cambial layer, and parenchyma conjuctive cells between the fascicular areas. In both xylem and phloem the younger elemerts are closer to the cambium than the older ones. All the parenchyma conjuctive cells and parenchyma cells in the fascicular strands are rich in starch grains.

ANALYSIS OF PEROXIDASE ISOZYME IN FOUR SPECIES OF GENUS LYCOPERSICON

Zhang Xiang-qi, Wang Hai-ting, Huang Yong-feng, Wang Qing-yin

1987, 7(4):  133-152. 

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Analytical results are reported in this paper on peroxidase isozyme in 86 accessions of the four species of Lycopersicon——L. peruvianum Mill., L. hirsutum Hurnb. ct Bonp, L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl) Mill. and L. esculentum Mill. in the 15 different stages of development and in several organs of the plant by means of continuous concentration gradient polyacrylamide gel (7.5-15%) electrophoresis. The results indicate that overlap-pile up peroxidase isozyme patterns show 28 bands in L. peruvianum, 29 bands in L. hirsutum, 28 bands in L. pimpinellifolium and 27 bands in L. esculentum, and that peroxidase isozyme patterns show remarkble difference among the four species and no difference in each one; and that changes of zymogram patterns and activities of peroxidase with different stages and with different organs of the plant are similar in the roots, the stalks and the leaves but different in the fruits among the four species.Some problems concerning the significance of the value of similarity of the isozyme patterns and applications of the wild species and isozyme analysis in tomato breeding are also discussed in the last part of the paper.

THE STUDY ON CHROMOSOMAL MORPHOLOGY IN SHANXI WILD HOPS

Yie Fei, Pan Ji-shu, Zheng Kai-weng

1987, 7(4):  153-159. 

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The Shanxi wild hops in China possesses sex-chromosomes 2n=18A+XX in female plant and 2n=18A+XY in male plant. The chromosome idogiams are similar between cultivated hops (Humulus lupulus) and the wild plants. The sex-chromosomes of male plant exhibit a heteromorphic pair of end-to-end conjugation in diakinesis and metaphase I of PMC meiosis. Using amodification of the 8-hydroxy quinoline treatment to study mitotic division, the middle-section of the short arm of the X-chromosome, after Carbol Fachsin staining is considerable less stainable than the rest of the chromosome.

THE CHANGE OF ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MESOPHYLLICELLS DURING THE PROCESS OF SENESCENCE OF EXCISEO NEEDLES OF PINUS KORAIENSIS INDUCED WITH ABA

Guo Wei-ming, Li Guo-fan, Wu Dun-su

1987, 7(4):  161-173. 

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The paper reported that ABA can accelerate the senescence of excised needles of Pinus Koraiensis, on basis of the evidences that RNase activities were increased distinctly, the yellowing of needles intensified and the ultrastructures of mesophyll cells senesced sequentially by treatment of excised needles with ABA. According to the order of the degree of sensibility to senescence of different organelles in mesophyll cells of needles of Pinus Koreiensis, we divide the process of senescence into three periods:the early stage of senescence, the middae stage of senescence and the late stage of senescence and sum up as follows:Start of senescence#br# Chloroplasts (envelope membrans degraded, lamellas partly swolled) Endoplasmics (vesicle appeared) False plasmolysis (appered)#br# Chloroplasts (envelope membranes damaged, a large of lamellas spoiled) Mitochoadrias (envelop membranes swolled, No, of cristaer.decreased) Endoplasmics (hyperplasia temporally) Golgi osomes (s wo lied) Primary lysosomes (formed) Nuclear pores (closed)#br# Chloroplasts (disintegrated completely) Mitochondrias Endoplasmics Golgiosomes (disintegrated) Membranes of {vacuoles lysosomes drotoplasms (disintegrated)#br# Cells died.

REVISION ON FRITILLARIA AMOENA FROM XINJIANG

Duan Xian-zhen, Zheng Xiu-ju

1987, 7(4):  175-175. 

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