Abstract: There are 29 species, 6 varieties and 6 forms from the genus which has been confirmed to occur in China based on fully studying the genus, in which 4 species, 3 varieties, 3 forms, 2 combinations of variety and 3 combinations of form are new. There are totaly 59 species recorded from the genus before, in which 14 species were considered as synonyms in this study. two species are doubtable and need more reseach to clear up in the future. The genus is so related to the genus Lespedeza that it's clas sificatory position has been a confusion since 19 century. It has been treated as a subgenus or a section of Lespedeza. It was not recognized by most of authors as a distinct genus until the last decades though there arc still some different opinions about it. Comparing the two groups of plants from Campylotropis and Lespedeza, it is quite clear that the former is a distinct genus different enough from the genus Lespedeza because of the features of the keel much incurved, acute and elongeted to a rost-riformed tip, caducous bracteole and little smaller meshes on the surface of pollens which make it a good genus besides other features. Moreover, the genus may have evolved from the section Macrolespedeza of the genus Lespedeza according to this study. The main evolutionary trend of the plants from Campylotrotis is that the persistent bract is more primitive feature than the caducous bract; the keel with much elongeted and acute long-rostriformed tip evolved from the one with brevirostriformed tip; the diadelphus stamen detached at the base developed into the one coherent at different levels. But it is difficult to make the intrageneric divisions of the genus because the features of the plants are not stable and overlaping to each other, which is resulting from their uneven evolution. The genus is distributed in the South-east part of Asia. As shown in the Table 1 and Figure 1, the distribution region is that the eastern boundary line is in the East China including Taiwan; toward the south only one species occur in Java in a disjunctive way and the northern boundary line is in the North China and Korea where only one species occurs. there are about 45 species from the genus on the earth, in which 29 species occur in China (not including the two doubtable species).Among 29 species 28 species are distributed in the Southwest China only, in which 20 species are endemic and originated here.Some of these plants are primitive and others more advanced. The number of species from the genus gradually or sharp reduced as their distribution areas deviate from the center of distribution, the South-west China to any directions. Moreover, it is the South-west China that is the region where the distri-bution area of the section Macrolespedeza of Lespedeza is overla-ping with the most of species of Campylotropis including the primitive ones. The following conclusion may be derived from the discussion above that the South-west China is not only the center of distribution and one of differentiation centers, but probable origination of the genus. Furthermore, the origination should be related to the differentiation and development of the section Macrolespedeza of Lespedeza after it arrived in the region of the South-west China (see Table 2).