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    15 December 1993, Volume 13 Issue 4
    ORCHID FLORA IN THE FANJINGSHAN MOUNTAINS SOUTHWEST CHINA
    Tsi Zhan-huo
    1993, 13(4):  313-329. 
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    A taxonomic and phytogeographical study of orchidaceae in the Fanjingshan is made based on the specimens collected in 1985-6 by Sino-English and Sino-American expeditions and deposited in the herbaria ofPE, GIB and Guizhou Insititure of Traditional Chinense Medical Science.49 species of 33 genera are recognized, of which 12 genera and 15 speciesare new to the mountains. The main features of the orchid flora are asfollows:1. The Fanjingshan orchid flora is rather rich, whose genera andspecies account for 50% and 27% of the total Guizhou orchids respectivelyand are richer than those in its neighbouring regions, such as JinfoshanMt. of Southeast Sinchuan and Sheninongjia region of west Hubei, butnext to those in Omei Mt. of southwest Sichuan. 2. Many tropical genera, such as Gastrochilus, Thrixspermum, Cleisostoma, etc. can be found here, mixed with temperate genera, such as Platanthera, Cymbidium etc. Eastern Asian genera are abundant. Examples are Pleione Epigenium, Bletilla, Cremastra, Amitostigma, Sedirea, Diphyllax, Pogonia etc.It shows a transition from tropical to temperate regions. 3. Phytogeographically, the orchid flora in the Fanjingshan isrelated to that in Japan rather than in the Himalayas. 26 species arecommon to both, and only 13 species there are also found in the Himalayas.
    THREE NEW SPECIES OF SPERADICLIS BL.(RUBIACEAE) FROM GUANGXI
    Fang Ding, Qin De-hai
    1993, 13(4):  330-335. 
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    A NEW VARIETY OF MALUS FROM SHANDONG
    Li Xing-wen, Sun Ju-wen
    1993, 13(4):  336-337. 
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    ONE SPEICIES OF THE MOSSES NEW TO NORTHEAST CHINA
    Ma Xiao-lei
    1993, 13(4):  338-339. 
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    TWO NEW FORMS OF PULSATILLA CHINENSIS (BUNGE) REGEL FROM SHANDONG
    Liang Yu-tang, Zang De-kui, Ren Yan-gang
    1993, 13(4):  340-341. 
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    A NEW COMBINATION OF KUEHNEROMYCES (NEW RECORD FROM CHINA)
    Wang Jin-bao, Chen zhi-bo
    1993, 13(4):  342-343. 
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    ON THE IDENTITY OF POLYGONUM INTRAMONGOLICUM A. J. LI
    Bao Bo-jian
    1993, 13(4):  344-345. 
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    There are two different treats about species Atraphaxis tortuosa Los., which should be in genus.Atraphaxis or Polygonum. By comparison ofmorphorlogical characters, author think that the dispose of P. intr-amongolicum A. J. Li is more suitable because its characters of bothflowers and pollens are similar to Polygonum.
    A SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY STUDY OF ZIZANIA L. (GRAMINAE)——EMBRYO MORPHOLOGY
    Chen Shou-liang, Yang Guang
    1993, 13(4):  346-352. 
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    This paper deals with embryology morphology of Zizania L. and its relatives. A total of 4 genera 7 species and 2 subspecies were examinedunder light microscope. The results are as follows. 1. The genus Zizania L. belongs to tribe Oryzeae as show by its embryo formula F + PP. But it is different from others by its cylindric caryopsis, scutellum narrow and very long etc. Hance it may be considered as anisolated subtribe Zizaniinae in Oryzeae. 2. The evolutionary trend of the taxa seems that, gen. Oryza L.is more primitive than others, such as Zizania related to Oryza by thecommon character of their caryopsis, Zizaniopsis related to Oryza by theircommon characters of scutellum nearly triangular and epiblast connectedwith scutellum, gen. Chikusichloa related to Oryza by their common chara-cters of scutellum elliptic obtuse at apex. Hance it may be considered asthat they may be derived from the ancient stock which has also given riseto the genus Oryza, and therefore paralled evolutionmay have taken placein Oryzeae. 3. The characters of embryo morphology under LM support the division of the genus Zizania into 4 species, 2 subspecies in the world, i.e. Z. latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz, ex Stapf, Z. texana Hitche., Z. aquatica L. subsp. aquatica, Z. aquatica subsp. brevis (Fassett) S. L. Chen, Z.palustris L. subsp. palustris and Z. palustris L. subsp. interior (Fassett)S. L. Chen. In this group, Z. latifolia is the most primitive species.
    STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF ARTEMISIA LINN. IN CHINA (Ⅰ) THE STRUCTURE OF LEAF EPIDERMIS
    Jiang Lin, Ling Yeou-ruenn
    1993, 13(4):  353-369. 
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    The leaf epidermis structures from 30 species, which belong to 7 sections and 2 subgenera of Artemisia Linn. in China, have been examinedwith LM and SEM. The characters of the leaf epidermis are of thesystematic and ecological significance in the genus. The epidermis cells on both surfaces of leaves are usually tetragonalpentagonal and hexagonal or irregular, and the anticlinal walls are str-aight, arched, sinuolate, but the stomatal apparatuses, which usuallyoccur on both surfaces or only on abaxial surface, are usually anomocyticanomotetracytic. 1-cell thick multicellular file and T-or Y-form trichomeare found in most species in the genus. In Sect. Absinthium DC., the leaf epidermis differs from that of othersections by that stomatal apparatuses are simply anomocytic. Perhaps, that is one of the characters for the most primitive sections of the genus.What the shape of cells is irregucar and polygonal, and the stomatalapparatuses are anomocytic, anomotetracytic and anisocytic are found inSect.Abrotanum Bess. and Sect. Artemisia. Besides in Sect. Abrotanum Bess.the stomatuses have also staurocytic and paracytic. It is one of more complex and advanced characters than that in Sect. Absinthium DC. In Sect. Viscidipubes Y. R. Ling and Sect. Albibractea Y. R. Ling, there are anomocytic and anomotetracytic. But in the former it has 1-cellor 2-cells thick multicellular file trichome, the latter has no trichome. In advanced Subgen. Dracunculus (Bess.) Peterm. of the genus, it is the most complex in epidermis, the shape of cells is polygonal, thepattern of anticlinal walls is straight or chared, and sank stomatal complex, but it is trichome in Sect. Dracunculus Bess. and it has no trichome in Sect. Latilobus Y. R. Ling on both surfaces. The isobiloteral leaves are found in Sect. Absinthium DC. and Sect.Dracunculus Bess., but the dorsiventrals are Sect. Viscidipubes Y. R. Lgin and Sect. Latilobus Y. R. Ling. That is the result of the adaption to different environment in the evolutionary process, and now te former species grow in high altitude and high latittude areas, and in the steppe or desert environment and the latter in low altitude and low latitude areas, the forest environment.
    STUDY ON COMPARISON OF KARYOTYPES BETWEEN SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX AND CHROMOSOME IN RYE (Secale cereale L.)
    Wang Tong-chang, Ben Yi-xin
    1993, 13(4):  370-376. 
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    Electron microscopy of observing rye synaptonemal complex with cellspreading method and analyzing the synaptonemal complex karyotype of the rye cultivar, Victory, was for the first time covered in China. It suggests that there are two chromosomal translocations in the variety. A small fraction of long arm of 1R translocated onto the shorts arm of 6R, and 3 units of the percentage length have translocated from the long armof 4R onto the long arm of 2R, so that the long arm has become the sho-rt arm of 4R. Accordingly, it is believed that the rye cultivar, Victory, is a translocation heterozygote. Perhaps the method is useful in the studies on experimental texonomy of plant.
    MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF LEAVES AND POLLENS ON MEDICINAL SPECIES OF GENUS ARALIA IN CHINA
    Wang Zhong-zhuang, Zheng Han-chen, Su Zhong-wu, Li Cheng-hu, Ye Xi-ting
    1993, 13(4):  377-384. 
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    The authors made a detail study on pollens and leaves of 12 medicinal species of Aralia distributed in China, and found that besides reticulate type, the ornamentation of pollen grains from Aralia have other two types, i. e. regulate type and interm type. Pollen surfacial features could not beused as the stand and for identifying species, but to some morphologicallysimilar species they are of taxonomical significance;SEM feature diffe-rences of leaves among species vary greatly, comprehensive utilization ofthose characteristics may provide the method for identification of Araliaspecies.
    MAIN TRACE ELEMENTS OF PLANTS IN THE LARIX GMELINII SPHAGNUM BOG IN XIAOXINGANLING
    Lang Hui-qing, Zhang Gui-rong, Jin Shu-ren, Chen Bo, Gan Shu-cai
    1993, 13(4):  385-393. 
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    The Larix gmelinii, Sphagnum bog in Xiaoxinganling is a typical oligotrophic bog in China, in which that the forest doesn't grow well, theSphagnum and the evergreen bush grow well is connected with the hydro-logic condition of the bog and the content of nutrient, trace elements ofthe peat. The content of main trace elements such as B, Cu, Co, Mn, Znetc. in different plants is different, The content of main trace elementsof different organs in one plant is also different, that changes along withthe season. The content of main trace elements of Ledum palustre. var.angustum and the changed law of the content in different season are same with that of Chamaedaphne calyculata. The two kinds of Sphagnum are same, which are obviously different from that of Larix gmelinii.
    STUDIES ON CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF CARYOPTERIS TERNIFLORA
    Zhou Yin-suo, Li Zhao-lin, Zhu Jia-liang, Chen Ning, Su Yi-bing
    1993, 13(4):  394-398. 
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    The chemical composition of essential oil in Caryopteris terniflora, which was collected by steam distillation-solvent extraction, has beenstudied by GS-MS technique. More than fifty substances have been seper-ated, among which twenty five compounds were identified. The peak areaof identified substances is 63.78% in total chromatographic area. Theamount of the oil contained in the plant is 1.003%. It was proved thatmain compounds occured in the volatile oil belong to terpenoid such aslimonene (37.40%), α-pinene and so on. The chemical composition of theessential oil in this plant has not been reported previously.
    A SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY STUDY OF ZIZANIA L. (GRAMINEAE)——CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE HERB
    Pan Fu-sheng, He Shu-lan, Chen Shou-liang
    1993, 13(4):  399-403. 
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    The chemical components of herbs of the Zizania L. and its related 5 genera, 7 species in total, were reportel in this paper the first time.The 22 macro and trace elements in the herbs were detected by DC(direct current) argon plasma flame emission spectrograph;the crudeprotein and the total nitrogen were examined by potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid digestion;the ash of the herbs was determined by the dryashing method;the crude fiber of the herbs was determined by the acid-detergent methord。The authors consider the 4 species of the Zizania L.as independently exsisting in nature. The Zizania L. is of high economicvalue, especially the Z. latifolia which has the highest value in this genusfor its comprehensive utilization and is worthy of extensive planting.
    PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE GENUS PSEUDOTSUGA
    Li Nan
    1993, 13(4):  404-411. 
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    The present paper deals with the studies of taxonomic treatments, phytogeography and origin of the genus Pseudotsuga Carr. 2 sections, 6species and 1 variety have been accepted. Sect. Sina involves 5 species: P. forrestii, P. brevifolia, P.sinensis, P. japonicc, P. macrocarpa;while.Sect. Pseudotsuga is provided only with 1 species and 1 variety: P.menziesii, P. menziesii var. glauca. The first section covers a typical areaof "E. Asia & N。America disjuncted", and the second one is endemicto western N. America. Geograpic distribution of the genus and vicariouspattern of affinis species are discussed, by means of the related datafrom cytology and paleobotany, the following proposals are presented:1.Sect. Sina is a primitive group, Sect. Pseudotsuga is an advanced one, which may be originated from an ancestral Sina group for its 12 pairsof chromosomes happened to be reanged;2。Pseudotsuga might be a genusdeveloped in North Pacific Floristic area, and originated in E. Asia, while western N. America can be regarded as a developing center of the genus.