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    15 September 1993, Volume 13 Issue 3
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    A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS BEGONIA FROM GUANGXI
    Liang Ding-ren, Chen Xiu-xiang
    1993, 13(3):  217-219. 
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    RARE AND ENDANGERED TREES NEWLY DISCOVERED IN SHANXI
    Liu Qing-quan, Ye Hong-yu
    1993, 13(3):  220-223. 
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    During carryirig out the investigation of Shanxi ancient trees recent inyears, the authors found something new and it is scientific significance.In this paper, the authors report five taxa, including one new species:the narrow-leaved pagoda tree (Sophora angustifoliola Q. Q. Liu et H. Y.Ye), one new distribution to Shanxi:the colored pagoda tree (Sophora japonica var. violacea Carr.), three new forms:the dense-branched Chin-ese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis f. densa Q. Q. Liu et H. Y. Ye), the creeping Chinese arbor-vitae (Platycladus orientalis f. pendula Q. Q. Liu et H. Y. Ye)and the white flowered grey catalpa (Catalpa fargesii f. alba Q. Q. Liu etH. Y. Ye). Descriptions and distribution areas of the above taxa arealso involved.
    A NEW VARIETY OF OXYTROPIS ANERTII NAKAI
    Zong Zhan-jiang, He Xi-rong, Liu Jiu, Zhang Jun-cheng
    1993, 13(3):  224-224. 
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    NEW RECORD OF THE RUBUS FROM N. E. CHINA
    Xie Hang, Zhao Geng-chun, Yang Cheng-lu, Yang Jing-long
    1993, 13(3):  225-226. 
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    A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLORA OF GANSHILING, SOUTH HAINAN
    Xing Fu-wu, Li Ze-xian, Wu De-lin
    1993, 13(3):  227-242. 
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    Ganshiling is situated at the southern part of Hainan Island, at 109°34'-109°42'E. and 18°21'-18°26'N., with an altitude of 10-347m. The an-nual average temperature and rainfall are 24.5℃ and 1200mm. respectively, the solar radiation energy is up to 134. 1 Kcal./cm2 annually. The regionalvegetation is tropical rain forest. There are 1144 species of vascular plants belonging to 171 families and679 genera in the studied area, of which 28 families, 62 genera and 93 spec-ies are Pteridophyta;3 families, 4 genera and 4 species are Gymnosper-mae;140 families, 613 genera and 1047 species are Angiospermae. The main families of the flora are Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, Sterculi-aceae) Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Rubiaceae, Zin-giberaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ochnaceae etc., most of themare tropical distribution. According to the geographical distribution of spermatophytic genera inGanshiling, They may be divided into 13 types and 8 sub-types, of whichPantropic and Trop Asia elements are two largest parts of the flora. At specific level, the Trop. Asia elements has highest percentage (54.14%).They can be integrated into the following categories:Distribution type No. of genera% No. of species% Cosmopolitan 30-22-Tropical 554 94.4 757 73.57 Temperate 29 4.9 11 1.07 Tethysian (Ancient 1 0.2-Mediterranean) Endemic to China 3 0.5 261 25.36 Total 617 100 1051 100 Endemism is relatively poor, with 3 genera and 261 species of endemicto China, 135 species endemic to Hainan, most of them are the dominantspecies in their communities. Comparing the composition of the flora with those of 7 neighbouringregions, the flora of Ganshiling is quite similar to those of Indo-Chinapeninsula and Java. The indices of generic similarity are 88.07% and 85.86%respectively. We consider the flora of Ganshiling represents some floristic charac-teristics of the tropical rain forest in our country. The investigation onthe flora is helpful for us to understand the floras of Hainan and China.
    BIOSYSTEMATICAL STUDIES ON NORTHEAST CHINA VICIA L.VI.-KARYOTYPE AND CYTOGEOGRAPHY OF VICIA VENOSA COMPLEX AND ITS ALLIED SPECIES
    Li Rui-jun, Pei Yan-long, Liu Mei, Liu Xiang-jun
    1993, 13(3):  243-249. 
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    STUDOES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT GAMETOPHYTES OF SELAGINELLACEAE
    Liu Bao-dong, Zhang Da-wei, Bao Wen-mei, Aur Chih-wen
    1993, 13(3):  250-256. 
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    Using the light microscope and SEM, the characteristic of the morp-hological development of the culturing gametophytes of 11 speices in theSelaginellaceae from China have been studied. They are Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring, S. helvetica (L.) Link, S. rossii (Bak.) Warb., S.remolifolia Spring, S. sibirica (Milde) Hieron., S. sinensis (Desv.) Spring, S. delicatula (Desv.) Alston, S. heterostachys Kak., S. labordei Hieron. S.nipponica Franch. et Sav., and S. sanguinclenta (L.) Spring. On the basis of the characteristic of the morphological development ofeach species, the possibility of morphological evolution on the female gam-etophytes of Selaginellaceae has been discussed. We consider that the fem-ale gametophtes may be divided into two typies:Shortening equatorialaxif type and Shortening polar axis type. These two typies are identicalwith the views of dividing The genus Selaginella into Hemoerphyllum andHeterophyllum on the sporophytes And the Heterophyllum seems to be grouped, owing to the morphological development of female gametophytes. Amony them the female gametophytyes of 9 species are the first rep-ort.
    ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE PRIMARY VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE SEEDLING OF ADONIS AESTIVALIS L
    Wang Li-jun, Gu An-gen, Zhang You-min, Jia Wei-ping
    1993, 13(3):  257-261. 
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    Adonis aestivalis belongs to Adonis of Ranunculaceae. Its seedling isapparently divided into three zones:epicotyl shoot zone, cotyledon nodezone (CNZ) and hypocotyl root zone. The seedling is with the center ofthe cotyledon-node-zone, the middle and upper parts of the CNZ upwardare cotyledon-node-stem transitional region and the hypocotyl of theseedling downward is cotyledon-node root transitional region. Some onto-genetic studies on the primary vascular system of seedlings of somegenera in Ranunculaceae have been reported. But the transformation of thecotyledon-node-stem transitional region of A. aestivalis is different fromthose of other genera in Ranunculaceae. The main difference is that itsmetaxylem develops tangentially to form undeveloped double-lip-likecollateral vascular bundles after the mesarch, diarch haplostele withdouble fan-like metaxylem reaches the middle part of the CNZ. Theparenchyma appears in the center of the haplostele and divelops furtherto form the pith. The upper part of the CNZ is divided into severalundeveloped endarch collateral vascular bundles which directly formeustele of the epicotyl. This study is to testify the CNZ theory and revealthe evolutional rules of primary vascular system in Angiosperms.
    STUDIES ON INDUCTION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS AND PLANTLET REGENERATION FROM UNFERTILIZED OVULES IN VITRO CULTURE OF BLACK CURRANT (RIBES NIGRUM L.)
    Li Yong
    1993, 13(3):  262-267. 
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    This paper first reported that Baopiheidou, one of three cultivarsin this experiment was able to produce adventive embryos when theunfertilized ovules of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) were inoculated onMS medium supplemented with plant hormones BA, 2.4-D, GA3.Thesomatic embyogenic calli were inductedo in basal medium MS supplementedwith 5.0-3.0mg l-1 BA, 2.0mg l-1 2.4-D or 1.0mg l-1 GA3. After cultu-ring the unfertilized ovules about 25 days on the induction medium, the calli were trasfered to the embryo formation medium for the embryodevelopment. The adventive embryos were observed after culturing about20 days on the embryo formation medium (Basal medium MS+3.0mg l-1BA+1.0mg l-1 GA3+3% sucrose.). Somatic embryo with 0.5-1.0 cmlength was able to form whole plantlet in medium MS+2.0mg l-1 IBA +2.0mg l-1 GA3+1% sucrose. The experiments showed:The variety andinduction stage of inoculated ovules affected the somatic embryogenesis.The somatic embryogenesis was inducted when ovules at the uninuleatestage were inoculated. Its induction frequency was 3.3%-5.0%. BA in themedium was necessary for the induction of somatic embryogenesis andembryo development. We also had established somatic embryogenic callusclone directly from somatic cell of black currant cultivar and maintainnedmore than two years with the avaibility of embryogenesis, It can be usedas a favourable material for the micropropagation, mutation selection ofcell suspension culture, protoplast isolation and culture and genetic manipulation in black currant.
    EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE ON THE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION OF PHASEOLUS AUREUS HYPOCOTYLS
    Zheng Jun-bao, Liu Yu-jun, Pei Bao-hua
    1993, 13(3):  268-275. 
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    The effect of etylene on the adventitious root formation has beenstudied through the experiments with Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls whichform adventitious roots easily. The study shows that ethephon and ethy-lene treatments with lower concentrations (1-5 ppm) have a stimulatingeffect or, as it were, no inhibiting effect on the adventitious root form-ation;however, their inhibiting effect becomes stronger as their concent-rations increase. IBA treatment has distinct stimulating effect on theadventitious root formation. Experiments with the incorperation of bothIBA and ethylene show that their effects seem to be independent.Therefore, it can be assumed that there exists a limit to endogenousethylene suitable for root formation, beyond which the adventitious rootformation will be inhibited.
    POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF THE GENUS HERACLEUM L. FROM CHINA AND ITS TAXONOMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SINGNIFICANCE
    Wang Ping-li, Pu Fa-ting, He Xing-jin
    1993, 13(3):  276-284. 
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    The genus Heracleum (Umbelliferae) consists of over 70 species. Sofar are found 26 species, 3 varieties in China, most of which are distri-buted in the Hengduan Mountains of west China. In the present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 21 species, 2 varieties in the Heracleum. Pollen grains of all the species were exami-ned under LM and SEM. Eighteen species and two varieties are palynogi-cally reported here for the first time. The shape of the most pollen grains in equatorial view are rectangulartype. Only a few are equatorially-constricted type. The evidence frompollen morphological characters does not support I. P. Mandenova (1950)treatments which divided the Heracleum into five sections. Based on pol-len morphology and combined with the external morphological charactersof the Heracleum from China may be reasonably divided into two groups:1. Pollen grains are subrectangular, rectangular or subelliptica, withstraight sides in equatorial view, P/E=1.6-2.3, Most of them are prolate.Plants stout, 0.5-2m tall. Leaves ternately divided, ternate-pinnate or1-3-pinnately compound. the ultimate leaf segments broadly ovate, ovateto lanceolate. Mericarps with solitary or 1-2 vittae in each furrow, 2-4on the commissure. 2. All the pollen grains are eqiatorially-constricted type, P/E=2.3-2.8. They are perprolate. Plants slender, 20-40 cm tall. Leaves 3-4-pinnate, the ultimate leaf segments linear. Mericarps with solitary vittaeper furrow, 2 on the commissure. The authors made a detaited comparison of pollen morphological chara-cters of its related genera and discusses its systematic position and theevolution. The present authors consider that the Heracleum is closelyrelated to the genus Pastinaca L. It is an advanced taxa in the Peucedaneae.
    STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPAGATION OF LILIUM DAURICUM (Ⅱ) THE DIFFERENCE AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES ON THE LIGHT GRADIENT
    Zhang Xiao-fang, Liu Xiao-dong, Yu Hai-bin, Liu Hong-wei
    1993, 13(3):  285-293. 
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    The morphological characteristics and reproductive strategies of L.dauricum planted in different light intensities was studied by experimentalecology method. The results showed that conclusions between both this experiment andthe field investigation are the same. The growth is the best under relativelight intensity from 49.47% to 100%, the werest is under 11.25%, and theintermediate is under 25.47%. The reproductive strategies change with the designed light gradient, under the weak light 79.12% energy is allocated to the vegetative propa-gatian organ-bulb, and the sexual reproduction could not succeed. But theenergy was transfermed to the sexual reproduction organ, with increaseof the light intensity. When the relative light intensity is 25.47%, alloca-ted energy to the sexual reproduction organ is 1/3 of vegetative propaga-tion organ. When the relative light intensity increase to 49.47%. theallocation to both reproduction organ tend to close to each other.
    SPECIES AND SPECIALIZED FORMS OF COLEOSPORIUM-PINUS SYLVESTRIS VAR, MONGOLICA NEEDLE RUST
    Pan Xue-ren, Sui Cao, Tian Ying-qian, Wang Hui-jun, Jia Tian-he
    1993, 13(3):  294-301. 
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    Through artificial inoculotion, comparative morphology, field observa-tion and consulting related research documents, we thouglat that Coleosporium nehich cause needle rust of Pinus sylyestris and other two and three-needle pines is a colletive species composed of several specialized forms, namely Coleosporium pulsatillae (Strauss) Leveille;Three specialized formsin Heilongjiang Province are explicit, they are C. pulsatillae (Strauss)Levl. f. sp. pulsatillae. C. pulsatillae (Strauss) Levl. f. sp. clematidis (Ba-relay) Pan, Comb. nov. C. pulsatillae (Strauss) Levl. f. sp. phellodendri(Komarov) Pan, Comb. nov.
    STUDY ON TRANSPIRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGOLIAN OAK COMMUNITY
    Shi Fu-chen, Yang Guo-ting
    1993, 13(3):  302-306. 
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    This paper deals with the measurement and analysis on the continuous time gradients and spatial gradients of oak community and its poapultionswith ZHT potetometer. The daily variation laws of transpiration intensityof tree、shrub and herb layer are obtained. The status of each populationin the community is suggested at the tranpiration physiology angle. Thetranspiration intensity is a physiological factor that can reflect the spatialpattern of population.
    THE VETICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE NUTRIENT IN OAK
    Shi Fu-chen
    1993, 13(3):  307-310. 
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    This paper analyses the nutrient in the skin trunk root and crownof oak at different height and layer. It describes the vertical distributionlaw of these nutrient in oak and reports that there is a transient regionof the nutrient distribution in oak.