Abstract: The genus Dianthus L. contains about 300 species in the world, is distributed mainly in Europe and Asia, no wild species distribution in Europe. There are sixteen recorded species in China, among them eight species is unique in Xinjiang. In this paper, a new species, Dianthus nashanicus C.Y.Yang et L.X.dong from South Tianshan mountain Red deer reserve in Xinjiang, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to D. superbus, but differs by having white petal with partite and filamentous, Laryngeal has no filiform squama. The leaf is lanceolate. The pollen is sphericity, they exine sculpture conspicuous difference in SEM. Seed capsule is smooth. Its habitat and population size was reported in details.

Key words: Dianthus, Dianthus nanshanicus C.Y.Yang &, L.X.Dong, Caryophyllaceae, new species, Xinjiang, China