Relationship Between Leaf Force-to-punch and Leaf Functional Traits under Different Measurement Methods

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.013

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate whether there were differences in the results of leaf force-to-punch under different calibration methods and different puncture needle diameters， and the relationship between the results and leaf functional traits， 30 dicotyledonous species were selected to determine the punching force and the tearing force of the leaves and the functional traits of leaves under three puncture needle diameters of 2.0， 1.0 and 0.5 mm， respectively. The results showed that：（1）the leaf force-to-punch differed significantly（P<0.05） among the three different puncture needle diameters， for the same species when the method calibrated by perimeter， the difference between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm was 76%， between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm was 76%， and between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm was 33%（P<0.05）； however， when calibrated by cross-sectional area， the difference was 66%， 56% and 30%（P<0.05） respectively. （2）There was no significant difference in leaf force to punch between the three puncture needle diameters under different calibration methods in the same life form， but there was significant differences（P<0.05） between herbs and different life form such as shrubs and trees， respectively， while the leaf force-to-punch of 0.5 mm diameter needles was greater than that of 1 and 2 mm needles. （3）Leaf force to punch was significantly positively correlated with leaf cuticle thickness， leaf thickness， and leaf tearing force（P<0.05）， and negatively correlated with specific leaf area（P<0.05）， and the correlation between punching force calibrated by needle circumference and leaf functional traits was stronger than that calibrated by cross-sectional area， whereas there was no significant difference in the correlation between leaf force to punch and leaf traits under the action of different diameters of puncture needles. Therefore， differences in both needle diameter and calibration methods produced differences in the results of leaf force to punch measurements. Differences in needle diameters did not affect the correlation between mechanical punching force and leaf functional traits， whereas differences in calibration methods affected the strength of the correlation between mechanical punching force and leaf functional traits. In conclusion， in the leaf force to punch research， selecting the appropriate calibration method and puncture needle diameter was conducive to improving the standardization and accuracy of the data， it was recommended that the two calibration methods based on the needle perimeter should be selected first， and among the three types of puncture needle diameter， 0.5 mm was selected to measure with small leaf area and dense and thin veins， and 2.0 mm was selected to measure with large leaf area and， dense and stiff veins.

Key words: puncture needle diameter, leaf force-to-punch, leaf functional traits

CLC Number:

S432.9+7

Meijing OU, Hongyan LI, Qiuju ZHAO, Jiawei LI. Relationship Between Leaf Force-to-punch and Leaf Functional Traits under Different Measurement Methods[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 910-922.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Taxonomy and life-form information of the 30 studied species

植物 Species	科 Family	缩写 Abbreviation	生活型 life form
喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科Amaranthaceae	Ap	草本Herb
积雪草Centella asiatica	伞形科Apiaceae	Ca	草本Herb
狗肝菜Dicliptera chinensis	爵床科Acanthaceae	Dc	草本Herb
飞扬草Euphorbia hirta	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	Eh	草本Herb
五爪金龙Ipomoea cairica	旋花科Convolvulaceae	Ipc	草本Herb
假蒟Piper sarmentosum	胡椒科Piperaceae	Ps	草本Herb
雾水葛Pouzolzia zeylanica	荨麻科Urticaceae	Pz	草本Herb
蟛蜞菊Sphagneticola calendulacea	菊科Asteraceae	Sc	草本Herb
龙葵Solanum nigrum	茄科Solanaceae	Sn	草本Herb
黄鹌菜Youngia japonica	菊科Asteraceae	Yj	草本Herb
米仔兰Aglaia odorata	楝科Meliaceae	Ao	灌木Shrub
光叶子花Bougainvillea glabra	紫茉莉科Nyctaginaceae	Bg	灌木Shrub
花叶假连翘Duranta erecta	马鞭草科Verbenaceae	De	灌木Shrub
红背桂Excoecaria cochinchinensis	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	Ec	灌木Shrub
鹅掌柴Heptapleurum heptaphyllum	五加科Araliaceae	Hh	灌木Shrub
龙船花Ixora chinensis	茜草科Rubiaceae	Ic	灌木Shrub
小驳骨Justicia gendarussa	爵床科Acanthaceae	Jg	灌木Shrub
红花檵木Loropetalum chinense	金缕梅科Hamamelidacee	Lc	灌木Shrub
鸡蛋花Plumeria rubra	夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	Pr	灌木Shrub
海桐Pittosporum tobira	海桐科Pittosporaceae	Pt	灌木Shrub
羊蹄甲Bauhinia purpurea	豆科Fabaceae	Bp	乔木Tree
美丽异木棉Ceiba speciosa	锦葵科Malvaceae	Cs	乔木Tree
龙眼Dimocarpus longan	无患子科Sapindaceae	Dl	乔木Tree
枇杷Eriobotrya japonica	蔷薇科Rosaceae	Ej	乔木Tree
黄花风铃木Handroanthus chrysanthus	紫葳科Bignoniaceae	Hc	乔木Tree
大花紫薇Lagerstroemia speciosa	千屈菜科Lythraceae	Ls	乔木Tree
白兰Michelia alba	木兰科Magnoliaceae	Ma	乔木Tree
人心果Manilkara zapota	山榄科Sapotaceae	Mz	乔木Tree
苹婆Sterculia monosperma	锦葵科Malvaceae	Sm	乔木Tree
小叶榄仁Terminalia neotaliala	使君子科Combretaceae	Tn	乔木Tree

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 4

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性状 Trait	缩写 Abbreviation	单位 Unit
叶片撕裂力Leaf force to tear	Ft	kN·m^-1
叶片穿透力Leaf force to punch	Fp	kN·m^-1
特定叶片穿透力Specific leaf force to punch	Fps	MN·m^-2
叶片厚度Leaf thickness	TL	µm
叶面积Leaf area	La	cm²
叶片鲜质量Leaf fresh mass	Lfm	g
叶片干质量Leaf dry mass	Ldm	g
比叶面积Specific leaf area	SLA	cm²·g^-1
叶脉密度Leaf vein density	VD	mm·mm^-2
上角质层厚度Adaxial cuticle thickness	AdaTc	µm
下角质层厚度Abaxial cuticle thickness	AbaTc	µm

源 Source	以针周长校准的穿透力Fp			以针横截面积校准的穿透力Fps
源 Source	平方和（自由度） Sum of squares（d_f）	均方 Mean square	F	平方和（自由度） Sum of squares（d_f）	均方 Mean square	F
生活型 Life form	1.291（2）	0.646	39.11^***	14.399（2）	7.199	29.425^***
穿刺针直径 Diameter	0.085（2）	0.042	2.56	1.788（2）	0.894	3.653*
生活型×穿刺针直径 Life form×Diameter	0.010（4）	0.002	0.14	0.149（4）	0.037	0.152
误差Error	1.337（81）	0.017	—	19.818（81）	0.245	—
总计Total	13.787（90）	—	—	247.123（90）	—	—

性状 Traits	Fp			Fps
性状 Traits	1.0 mm&0.5 mm	2.0 mm&0.5 mm	2.0 mm&1 mm	1.0 mm&0.5 mm	2.0 mm&0.5 mm	2.0 mm&1.0 mm
TL	0.54	0.43	0.86	0.46	0.35	0.84
SLA	0.52	0.37	0.86	0.4	0.25	0.81
VD	0.63	0.55	0.9	0.46	0.34	0.84
AdaTc	0.52	0.4	0.86	0.4	0.27	0.82
AbaTc	0.51	0.39	0.86	0.43	0.3	0.83
Ft	0.31	0.13	0.78	0.27	0.12	0.75

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