Phenotypic Variation and Diversity Analysis of Tilia mandshurica Natural Populations Based on Leaf and Fruit Traits

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore phenotypic variation and diversity of Tilia mandshurica natural populations， and to provide reference for the selection， protection， and utilization of T.mandshurica germplasm resources. Leaves and fruits from eight T.mandshurica natural populations were measured for the determination of 11 phenotypic traits， and the phenotypic traits from different populations were compared by variance analysis， coefficient of variation and Shannon-Wiener index， and eight populations were conducted by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Variance analysis showed extremely significant differences in leaf and fruit traits among different populations and within populations， and the percentage of variance component among populations for each trait was higher than that of within populations， and phenotypic differentiation coefficients ranged from 0.83-0.95， and the main source of phenotypic differences was from different populations. The coefficient of variation of different traits ranged from 20.0%-39.9%， indicating a large degree of variation. The Shannon-Wiener index of different traits from different populations ranged from 1.262-1.443， indicating rich phenotypic diversity populations. The 11 phenotypic traits were divided into four principal components， with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 88.46%. According to the principal component comprehensive model， the comprehensive ranking of the eight populations from high to low was Hunchun， Longtan， Huinan， Jiaohe， Dongfeng， Dunhua， Huadian and Luobei. According to leaf and fruit traits， the eight populations were clustered into three groups， among which Dongfeng and Luobei had relatively larger leaf， while Dunhua， Hunchun， Huadian， and Jiaohe belonged to the groups with larger fruit petiole and bract. The left populations， Longtan and Huinan belonged to the larger fruit group. The phenotypic traits of T.mandshurica natural populations exhibited significant variation and rich diversity， and the main source of phenotypic differences was from inter-population variation， and large gains might be achieved through selection.

Key words: Tilia mandshurica, natural population, phenotypic variation, phenotypic diversity

CLC Number:

S722.5

Huaizhi MU, Qingyu WANG, Yue ZHANG, Songtong LÜ, Xuhong JIN, Xiao ZHANG, Fucai XIA. Phenotypic Variation and Diversity Analysis of Tilia mandshurica Natural Populations Based on Leaf and Fruit Traits[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 826-834.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Multiple comparisons，coefficient of variation and Shannon-Wiener index of leaf and fruit traits in T.mandshurica natural populations

居群 Population	叶长 Leaf length /mm	叶宽 Leaf width /mm	叶柄长 Leaf petiole length/mm	叶柄宽 Leaf petiole width/mm	果实纵径 Fruit horizontal diameter/mm	果实横径 Fruit vertical diameter/mm	果柄长 Fruit petiole length/mm	苞叶宽 Bract length /mm	苞叶长 Bract width /mm	苞果合生长 Bract and infructescence connate length /mm	果序柄长 Infructescence petiole length /mm
东丰 Dongfeng	132.77±22.13a	113.59±21.49a	57.52±10.53c	1.98±0.49c	8.71±1.01e	8.03±0.91d	15.84±3.71d	15.12±3.14cd	76.58±21.02d	34.88±9.42de	32.21±7.53b
辉南 Huinan	104.87±24.08e	89.81±20.01de	49.63±9.91d	2.27±0.56a	8.93±0.94e	8.21±0.93cd	17.38±4.22abc	14.31±7.73cd	70.81±17.83e	34.75±6.91de	23.80±7.41e
敦化 Dunhua	106.44±21.65e	94.62±20.12cd	63.15±18.38b	1.80±0.43b	9.14±0.92de	7.34±0.82f	17.47±4.83abc	12.02±4.04e	85.02±14.03bc	38.09±7.73bc	26.44±8.03d
珲春 Hunchun	112.70±24.94cd	99.44±20.79c	54.46±14.45c	2.36±0.69a	10.02±1.33b	8.72±1.14b	18.21±4.14a	15.22±3.58c	88.72±16.69b	33.21±8.48e	34.19±9.02a
桦甸 Huadian	108.27±17.34de	98.74±15.40c	45.09±8.81e	1.59±0.38e	9.44±1.41c	7.65±0.93e	13.73±2.92e	19.81±6.53a	95.12±20.768a	44.87±11.82a	26.08±7.81d
龙潭 Longtan	114.64±19.99c	99.18±17.79c	49.94±9.80d	2.33±0.40a	10.63±5.52a	9.17±4.81a	16.33±8.81bcd	17.11±9.32b	81.41±44.92cd	33.40±16.42e	20.50±9.52f
蛟河 Jiaohe	105.82±25.12e	88.81±19.39e	55.69±14.79c	1.81±0.43c	9.31±4.41cd	8.27±3.93c	17.64±8.72ab	21.08±11.09a	97.03±47.88a	37.12±18.51cd	30.68±16.86bc
萝北 Luobei	123.98±25.84b	106.36±23.15b	76.31±20.83a	2.31±0.63a	7.40±3.73f	6.71±3.33g	11.12±6.33f	13.91±6.68d	88.52±42.63b	39.88±20.07b	28.51±14.30c
平均值 Mean	113.69	98.81	56.48	2.06	9.18	8.01	15.95	85.39	16.06	37.03	27.80
变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	20.0	20.1	23.4	24.3	26.1	25.8	34.9	32.8	39.9	33.5	36.6
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	1.362	1.408	1.309	1.402	1.443	1.262	1.285	1.338	1.422	1.328	1.396

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

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性状 Traits	均方 Mean square			F
性状 Traits	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	误差 Error	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population
叶长Leaf length	9 906.83	1 703.63	401.48	24.68**	4.24**
叶宽Leaf width	6 779.77	1 177.19	317.49	21.35**	3.71**
叶柄长Leaf petiole length	9 472.36	713.98	309.65	64.81**	4.89**
叶柄宽Leaf petiole width	8.91	0.69	0.22	40.87**	3.18**
果实纵径Fruit horizontal diameter	57.07	4.37	1.10	27.31**	3.24**
果实横径Fruit vertical diameter	43.02	2.99	0.75	57.07**	3.96**
果柄长Fruit petiole length	504.52	42.03	12.29	41.05**	3.42**
苞叶长Bract length	7 359.17	656.93	294.71	24.97**	2.23**
苞叶宽Bract width	858.87	79.89	19.77	43.45**	4.04**
苞果合生长Bract and infructescence connate length	1 401.94	159.87	74.63	18.79**	2.14**
果序柄长Infructescence petiole length	1 503.26	158.56	53.26	28.22**	2.98**

性状 Traits	方差分量 Variance component			方差分量百分比 Percentage of variance component/%			表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficient
性状 Traits	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	误差 Error	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	误差 Error	表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficient
叶长Leaf length	820.32	162.77	401.48	59.25	11.75	29.00	0.83
叶宽Leaf width	560.26	107.46	317.49	56.87	10.90	32.23	0.84
叶柄长Leaf petiole length	875.84	50.54	309.65	70.86	4.09	25.05	0.95
叶柄宽Leaf petiole width	0.82	0.06	0.23	74.76	5.41	19.83	0.93
果实纵径Fruit horizontal diameter	5.27	0.41	1.10	77.78	6.05	16.17	0.93
果实横径Fruit vertical diameter	4.00	0.28	0.75	79.49	5.54	14.97	0.93
果柄长Fruit petiole length	46.25	3.72	12.29	74.29	5.97	19.74	0.93
苞叶长Bract length	670.22	45.28	294.71	66.35	4.48	29.17	0.94
苞叶宽Bract width	77.90	7.52	19.77	74.06	7.15	18.79	0.91
苞果合生长 Bract and infructescence connate length	124.21	10.66	74.63	59.29	5.09	35.62	0.92
果序柄长Infructescence petiole length	134.47	13.16	53.26	66.94	6.55	26.51	0.91

性状 Traits	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3	主成分4 Principal component 4
叶长Leaf length（X₁）	-0.324 8	0.265 6	0.419 0	-0.242 7
叶宽Leaf width（X₂）	-0.328 3	0.206 1	0.419 1	-0.309 0
叶柄长Leaf petiole length（X₃）	-0.403 7	0.090 6	-0.122 9	0.335 3
叶柄宽Leaf petiole width（X₄）	-0.002 3	0.473 1	-0.058 5	0.013 6
果实纵径Fruit horizontal diameter（X₅）	0.437 6	0.036 5	0.196 5	-0.138 7
果实横径Fruit vertical diameter（X₆）	0.422 3	0.195 3	0.279 8	-0.143 5
果柄长Fruit petiole length（X₇）	0.387 7	0.159 7	0.000 1	0.428 1
苞叶长Bract length（X₈）	-0.020 0	-0.456 8	0.292 3	0.253 9
苞叶宽Bract width（X₉）	0.204 3	-0.365 6	0.396 7	-0.168 5
苞果合生长Bract and infructescence connate length（X₁₀）	-0.201 0	-0.497 1	-0.093 9	-0.195 3
果序柄长Infructescence petiole length（X₁₁）	-0.145 3	0.021 8	0.511 6	0.615 5
特征根Characteristic root	4.066 7	2.963 1	1.525 3	1.174 6
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%	36.97	26.94	13.87	10.68
累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate/%	36.97	63.91	77.78	88.46

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