Development-specific Investigation of Leaf Primary Metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Metabolomics analysis of Acanthopanax senticosus（Rupr. et Maxim.）Harms and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus（Rupr. et Maxim.）Seem leaves was performed using GC-MS technology. With analysis of PCA and OPLS-DA， the leaves of A. senticosus and A. sessiliflorus were divided into three developmental periods： growth period， exuberant period， and autumn period. A total of 53 differential compounds such as sugars， amino acids， organic acids， fatty acids and polyols were filtered from the leaves of A. senticosus at three periods. A total of 51 differential compounds such as sugars， amino acids， organic acids， fatty acids and polyols were filtered from the leaves of A. sessiliflorus at three periods. Further analysis showed that the leaves of A. senticosus and A. sessiliflorus had the most differential compounds in the exuberant period and autumn period. Among these differential compounds， the leaves of A. senticosus mainly included sugars and organic acids. The leaves of A. sessiliflorus also included fatty acids and polyamine compounds except for sugars and organic acids. The results initially reveal the accumulation patterns of primary metabolites in the two medicinal plants from the same genus at different periods， and provid a theoretical basis for the leaf utilization of the two plants.

Key words: Acanthopanax senticosus, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, metabolomics, multivariate statistical analysis

CLC Number:

Q945.1

Ying Song, Kexin Wu, Wenda Shao, Yuli Liu, Jia Liu, Yang Liu, Zhonghua Tang. Development-specific Investigation of Leaf Primary Metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(2): 268-277.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Qualitative results of different compounds in leaves of A .senticosus and A. sessiliflorus at three stages

序号No.	保留时间 Retention time /s	代谢物 Metabolites	化合物分类 Classification of metabolites	2种植物来源 Source two species	序号 No.	保留时间 Retention time /s	代谢物 Metabolites	化合物分类 Classification of metabolites	2种植物来源Source two species
1	12.345 3	氨基丁酸 Aminobutanoic acid	氨基酸 Amino acid	A、B	36	30.281 7	三氨基甲酸酯 Tris carbamate	其它 Other	A、B
2	7.983 2	4-氨基丁酸 4-Aminobutanoic acid	氨基酸 Amino acid	A、B	37	131.388 2	苯酚 Phenol	其它 Other	B
3	6.387 2	4-羟基苯甲酸 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	氨基酸 Amino acid	A、B	38	19.267 2	D-核糖呋喃糖苷 Methyl.alpha.- D-ribofuranoside	其它 Other	B
4	5.297 3	羟基苯甲酸 Hydroxybenzoic acid	氨基酸 Amino acid	B	39	23.272 1	十一烷 Undecane	其它 Other	B
5	7.288 3	丙氨酸 Alanine	氨基酸 Amino acid	A	40	49.127 3	β-龙胆糖 beta.-Gentiobiose	糖 Sugar	A、B
6	50.372 8	L-丙氨酸 L-Alanine	氨基酸 Amino acid	A	41	44.278 1	D-纤维二糖 D-Cellobiose	糖 Sugar	A、B
7	14.121 7	二甲基苯甲酸 Dimethylbenzoic acid	氨基酸 Amino acid	B	42	24.378 2	D-果糖 D-Fructose	糖 Sugar	A、B
8	29.372 6	L-缬氨酸 L-Norvaline	氨基酸 Amino acid	B	43	35.327 8	D-半乳糖 D-Galactose	糖 Sugar	A、B
9	19.286 3	［1，1′-联苯-3-醇］［1，1′-Biphenyl-3-ol］ Aminobutanoic acid	醇 Alcohol	A	44	58.278 3	塔罗糖 Talose	糖 Sugar	A
10	42.819 8	六氧基三甲基硅肌醇 6-Hexa-O-trimethelsilyl- myo-inositol	醇 Alcohol	A、B	45	46.223 7	半乳糖肟 Galactose oxime	糖 Sugar	B
11	47.287 2	1，2-苯二醇 1，2-Benzenediol	醇 Alcohol	A、B	46	54.327 8	半乳糖 galactose	糖 Sugar	A
12	38.872 2	孜然醇 Cuminyl alcohol	醇 Alcohol	A	47	29.382 2	甘露糖 mannose	糖 Sugar	A
13	32.298 2	L-2-苄氨基辛醇 L-2-Benzylaminooctanol	醇 Alcohol	B	48	37.263 7	吡喃葡萄糖 Glucopyranose	糖 Sugar	A
14	20.278 1	异丙苯醇 Cuminyl alcohol	醇 Alcohol	B	49	20.378 9	D-甘露糖 D-Mannose	糖 Sugar	B
15	26.192 8	异喹啉 Isoquinolinium	其它 Other	B	50	38.267 8	D-葡萄糖 D-Gluconic acid	糖 Sugar	B
16	50.372 8	硅杂环1-（2-（3-Cyclohexenyl）ethyl）silatrane	其它 Other	A	51	34.178 2	左旋葡聚糖 Levoglucosan	糖 Sugar	B
17	33.292 8	1-3-尿素 1-3-urea	其它 Other	A、B	52	43.378 9	蔗糖 Sucrose	糖 Sugar	B
18	25.962 8	1-单胺酮 1-Monopalmitin	其它 Other	A、B	53	9.567 8	阿拉伯呋喃糖 Arabinofuranose	糖 Sugar	B
19	2.298 1	2-亚乙基苯胺 2-Ethylidenebis	其它 Other	A	54	1.268 9	山梨呋喃糖 L-Sorbopyranose	糖 Sugar	B
20	9.268 1	甲基庚烷 methylheptane	其它 Other	A	55	12.278 9	3-O -D-奎宁酸 3-O-Coumaroyl-D- quinic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A、B
21	36.281 8	硼烷 Borane	其它 Other	A	56	3.379 9	5-O -D-奎宁酸 5-O-Coumaroyl-D- quinic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A
22	28.891 2	腐胺 Cadaverine	其它 Other	A、B	57	11.368 9	苯甲酸 Benzoic Acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A、B
23	17.372 8	癸烷 Decane	其它 Other	A	58	29.368 2	邻苯甲酸 o-Toluic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	B
24	10.272 8	十二烷 Dodecane	其它 Other	A	59	19.368 2	乳酸 Lactic Acid	有机酸 Organic acid	B
25	24.277 1	单硬脂酸甘油酯 Glycerol monostearate	其它 Other	A、B	60	29.367 8	丁烯二酸 Butenedioic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A、B
26	30.271 8	正丁胺 n-Butylamine	其它 Other	A、B	61	8.362 8	D-葡萄糖酸 D-Gluconic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A、B
27	32.262 8	乙醇胺 Ethanolamine	其它 Other	B	62	4.368 2	间苯二甲酸 Isophthalic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A、B
28	4.272 9	1，2-双环己烯 1，2-Bis（trimethylsiloxy） cyclohexene	其它 Other	B	63	33.289 2	苹果酸 Malic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A
29	40.268 2	1，4-内酯 Erythrono-1，4-lactone	其它 Other	B	64	40.673 8	丙二酸 Propanedioic acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A
30	8.278 1	氨基甲酸二乙酯 N，N-Diethyl（trimethylsilyl） carbamate	其它 Other	A	65	26.278 1	奎宁酸（5TMS） Quininic acid（5TMS）	有机酸 Organic acid	A
31	7.362 8	二苯基膦 Diphenyl（trimethylsilyl） phosphine	其它 Other	B	66	17.263 8	亚硫酸 Sulfurous acid	有机酸 Organic acid	A
32	14.378 2	辛烷 Octane	其它 Other	A、B	67	15.378 2	棕榈酸 Palmitic Acid	有机酸 Organic acid	B
33	21.383 3	五硅氧烷 Pentasiloxane	其它 Other	A、B	68	41.738 2	丁二酸 Butanedioic acid	脂肪酸 Fatty acid	A
34	48.263 7	氨基甲酸酯 N，-Diethyl（trimethylsilyl） carbamate	其它 Other	B	69	35.392 3	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	脂肪酸 Fatty acid	A、B
35	37.237 8	三硅氧烷 Trisiloxane	其它 Other	A、B

Table 1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Table 3

References 21

1	刘林德，祝宁，申家恒，等.刺五加、短梗五加的开花动态及繁育系统的比较研究［J］.生态学报，2002，22（7）：1041-1048.
	Liu L D，Zhu N，Shen J H，et al.Comparative studies on floral dynamics and breeding system between Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica，2002，22（7）：1041-1048.
2	Shen J，Yang K，Jiang C，et al.Development and application of a rapid HPLC method for simultaneous determination of hyperoside，isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L.and Eleutherococcus senticosus［J］.BMC Chemistry，2020，14（1）：35.
3	谭五丰，袁艳秋，于笛笛，等.刺五加与短梗五加中紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E及异嗪皮啶含量比较［J］.现代食品科技，2017，33（10）：302-307.
	Tan W F，Yuan Y Q，Yu D D，et al.Comparison of Eleutheroside B，Eleutheroside E，and Isofraxidin between Acanthopanax sentcosus（Ruper.et Maxim.） Harms and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus［J］.Modern Food Science and Technology，2017，33（10）：302-307.
4	许国旺，杨军.代谢组学及其研究进展［J］.色谱，2003，21（4）：316-320.
	Xu G W，Yang J.Recent advances in metabonomics［J］.Chinese Journal of Chromatography，2003，21（4）：316-320.
5	Chen L，Xin X L，Feng H，et al．Isolation and identification of anthocyanin component in the fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus（Rupr.& Maxim.） Seem.by means of high speed counter current chromatography and evaluation of its antioxidant activity［J］.Molecules，2020，25（8）：1781.
6	芮施，赵岩，王晶瑶，等.刺五加根皮乙醇提取物和短梗五加根皮乙醇提取物对小鼠的镇静催眠作用及其机制［J］.吉林大学学报：医学版，2020，46（5）：917-924.
	Rui S，Zhao Y，Wang J Y，et al.Sedative and hypnotic effects of ethanol extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus root bark and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus root bark and their mechanisms［J］.Journal of Jilin University：Medicine Edition，2020，46（5）：917-924.
7	邓静，林秀莲，刘瑞莹，等.基于初级代谢产物的变化探究单面针与两面针的质量差异［J］.天然产物研究与开发，2020，32（7）：1219-1227.
	Deng J，Lin X L，Liu R Y，et al.Comparative study of Zanthoxylum echinocarpum and Z.nitidum based on phenotype-metabolomics［J］.Natural Product Research and Development，2020，32（7）：1219-1227.
8	Chen R H，Du W D，Wang Q，et al.Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus（Rupr.& Maxim.） Harms on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed by metabolomics and transcriptomics［J］.Journal of Ethnopharmacology，2021，264：113212.
9	Ren R J，Wang P，Wang L N，et al.Os4BGlu14，a monolignol β-Glucosidase，negatively affects seed longevity by influencing primary metabolism in rice［J］.Plant Molecular Biology，2020，104（4）：513-527.
10	Lindon J C，Holmes E，Nicholson J K.Metabonomics in pharmaceutical R & D［J］.FEBS Journal，2007，274（5）：1140-1151.
11	Peng W W，Huo G H，Zhang L X，et al.Two new oleanane derivatives from the fruits of Leonurus japonicus and their cytotoxic activities［J］.Journal of Natural Medicines，2019，73（1）：252-256.
12	Ahmad B，Khan M M A，Jahan A，et al.Increased production of valuable secondary products in plants by leaf applied radiation-processed polysaccharides［J］.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2020，164：286-294.
13	Fu J F，Fu J F，Yuan J，et al.Anti-diabetic activities of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide（ASP） in combination with metformin［J］.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2012，50（3）：619-623.
14	Takahashi H，Imamura T，Konno N，et al.The gentio-oligosaccharide gentiobiose functions in the modulation of bud dormancy in the herbaceous perennial Gentiana［J］.The Plant Cell，2014，26（10）：3949-3963.
15	刘永忠，李道高.柑橘果实糖积累与蔗糖代谢酶活性的研究［J］.园艺学报，2003，30（4）：457-459.
	Liu Y Z，Li D G.Sugar accumulation and changes of sucrose-metabolizing enzyme activities in citrus fruit［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2003，30（4）：457-459.
16	石永春，王旭，王潇然，等.蔗糖信号调控植物生长和发育的研究进展［J］.植物生理学报，2019，55（11）：1579-1586.
	Shi Y C，Wang X，Wang X R，et al.The regulatory role of sucrose as a signal in plant growth and development［J］.Plant Physiology Journal，2019，55（11）：1579-1586.
17	Hao R J，Du X D，Yang C Y，et al.Integrated application of transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into unsynchronized growth in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii.［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2019，666：46-56.
18	Cheng W H，Endo A，Zhou L，et al.A unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis glucose signaling and abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions［J］.The Plant Cell，2002，14（11）：2723-2743.
19	Ahmad P，Kumar A，Gupta A，et al.Polyamines：role in plants under abiotic stress［M］.//Ashraf M，Öztürk M，Ahmad M，et al.Crop Production for Agricultural Improvement.Dordrecht：Springer，2012：491-512.
20	李永庚，于振文，姜东，等.冬小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉合成动态及与其有关的酶活性的研究［J］.作物学报，2001，27（5）：658-664.
	Li Y G，Yu Z W，Jiang D，et al.Studies on the dynamic changes of the synthesis of sucrose in the flag leaf and starch in the grain and related enzymes of high-yielding wheat［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2001，27（5）：658-664.
21	Wang S Y，Faust M，Steffens G L.Metabolic changes in cherry flower buds associated with breaking of dormancy in early and late blooming cultivars［J］.Physiologia Plantarum，1985，65（1）：89-94.

化合物名称 Name of compound	生长期 Gowth period	旺盛期 Exuberant period	凋落期 Autumn period
果糖 Fructose	388 072.60±0.02b	384 090.20±0.03b	3 081 529.00±0.01a
龙胆糖 Gentiobiose	70 334.00±0.04b	0	129 500.08±0.03a
苹果酸 Malic acid	90 930.67±0.04b	2 966 409.17±0.08a	2 886 270.17±0.05a
奎宁酸 Quininic acid	762 101.30±0.02b	5 926 186.33±0.03a	89 677.67±0.01c
苯甲酸 Benzoic Acid	121.33±0.07b	8 669.42±0.01a	8 494.42±0.02a
L-丙氨酸 L-Alanine	827.83±0.01b	6 659.50±0.05b	14 480.89±0.03a
甘油 Glycerol	2 370 891.00±0.02a	11 789.25±0.06c	52 918.95±0.04b

化合物名称 Name of compound	生长期 Gowth period	旺盛期 Exuberant period	凋落期 Autumn period
葡萄糖 Glucose	1 741 611.90±0.02a	497 391.49±0.05b	0
果糖 Fructose	348 549.13±0.03b	309 307.25±0.02b	2 374 940.21±0.01a
蔗糖 Sucrose	10 747 138.26±0.02b	34 368 987.97±0.05ba	8 684 941.50±0.07c
龙胆糖 Gentiobiose	23 272.76±0.03b	28 778.78±0.03b	188 849.50±0.05a
阿拉伯呋喃糖 Arabinofuranose	24 028.78±0.02c	141 110.18±0.01a	46 732.75±0.04b
甘露糖 mannose	1 741 611.90±0.08a	0	95 697.33±0.02b
苯酚 Penol	807.83±0.01b	21 133.83±0.02a	0

[1]	Zhiyuan CHENG, Yanjiang ZHANG, Yue SHEN, Guang LI, Qin CHEN, Jie LI, Yanhong XING. Metabolomics Analysis of Lilium davidii var. unicolor in Response to Autotoxicity Stress [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(5): 793-804.
[2]	Yanjun REN, Xiaorui GUO, Zixuan YU, Kexin WU, Yu SUN, Ning CHEN, Qiaomu YOU, Kaixin XING. Characteristics of Temperature Stratification on Germination Physiology and Metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus Seeds at Different Stages [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(4): 576-589.
[3]	Hengfeng ZHANG, Yangwu HE, Huanchao ZHANG, Qingcui WEI. Metabolomics Analysis of Lagerstroemia indica in Response to Salt and Alkali Stress [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(3): 420-430.
[4]	Yanjun REN, Yu SUN, Xiaorui GUO, Mingyuan XU, Wenda SHAO, Kexin WU. Analysis of Metabolic Characteristics of Different Organs of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Based on GC-MS [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(3): 439-446.
[5]	Yan WU, Sai LI, Kexin WU, Liqiang MU. Differences in Leaf Metabolism of Wild Rosa acicularis and Rosa acicularis ‘Luhe’ Based on GC-MS [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(6): 1070-1078.
[6]	Liben PAN, Xue YAN, Jia LIU, Kexin WU, Yang LIU, Shaochong LIU. Physiological Characteristics of Early Spring Flowering Plants under Northeast Forest [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 657-666.
[7]	ZHI Hui, AI Dan, WU Ke-Xin, GUO Yun, XU Ming-Yuan, TANG Zhong-Hua. Comparison on Chemical Constituents between Potentilla chinensis and P.acaulis using GC-MS by Metabolomics Approach [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(5): 718-727.
[8]	XU Ming-Yuan, WANG Qian-Bo, GUO Sheng-Lei, WANG Ying-Wei, LI Feng-Xia, LIU Jia, TANG Zhong-Hua, WANG Zhen-Yue. Effects of Different Growth Stages on Secondary Metabolites of Acanthopanax senticosus [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(2): 303-309.
[9]	ZHI Hai-Juan;SUN Hai-Feng;ZHI Peng;LI Zhen-Yu;QIN Xue-Mei. Monitoring of Chemical Components Changes during Tussilago farfara* L. Development using NMR-based Metabolomics [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2012, 32(4): 458-466.