Abstract: The development, pollination and fruitset effect of the inflorescence of Chloranthus henryi in Northeastern Yunnan have been observed and studied in this paper. The result shows that both of the terminal and the lateral inflorescence can mature and fruit, but their stamen are heteromorphosic, e.g. the terminal's developed underground are with 3 elongated connectives and 4 pollen sacs, but the lateral's developed above ground are with only a shortened connective and 2 pollen sacs and appear a serial of variations, from 2 sac's anther with residue of lateral connective to 2 pollen sac's anther without residue of lateral connective and then to anther just with 1 pollen sac occasionally. The pollination experiments and indoor plantation show that the plant is not insect-pollinating but with high fruit-set. Such simplification probably is a secondary adaptation to the self-pollination. The specimen of Chloranthus henryi with only lateral inflorescence resemble those of another species Chloranthus multistachys exactly and both of them have very similar distributions, which suggested that the later is most probably the individuals of the former in the late life cycle.

Key words: Chloranthus henryi, Heteromorphosic anther, Self-pollination