Abstract: The anatomical structures of cremocarp in young fruit phase(young fruit stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ), middle fruit phase (middle fruit stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and mature fruit phase (mature fruit stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan, a species of endemic monotypic genus of Apiaceae in China, were observed. The observation results of anatomical structures show that, the anatomical structures of fruit transaction are variant. Some structure characteristics, such as fruit wall layer and its cell morphology, fruit rib and vascular bundle, vitta, shape of endosperm, shape and size of mericarp transaction change obviously. In the whole development process, fruit wall changes from thick to thin, and cell layers decease gradually. Vittas distribute in the dorsal, marginal and commissure structure, and increase outside gradually. Endosperm enlarges gradually, and its shape changes from circle to peach-shaped, kidney-shaped and crescent at last. Shape of mericarp transaction changes from sub-pentagonous round to shuttle-shaped round. Moreover, the observation finds that the shape of fruit rely on development of vascular in the early stage, then rely on the shape and size of endosperm in later stage.

Key words: Apiaceae, Chuanminshen violaceum, fruit development, anatomical structure