Establishment of Combinational Dormancy Traits during Seed Development of Euscaphis konishii Hayata

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

To elucidate the establishment of combinational dormancy in Euscaphis konishii seeds from a developmental perspective， seeds collected from trees at the full fruiting stage were used to systematically examine seed growth and developmental progression at different post-anthesis stages. Dynamic changes in water uptake capacity， hardseededness， major storage reserves， and endogenous phytohormone contents were also analyzed. The results showed that：（1）During the early developmental stage（30-60 days after anthesis， DAA）， seed volume increased rapidly， whereas growth stabilized during the middle（60-120 DAA） and late stages（120-150 DAA）. Embryo structural differentiation became evident at 90 DAA， accompanied by gradual lignification of the seed coat and continued endosperm accumulation. At 120-150 DAA， seed size and external morphology were largely stabilized； however， embryo cells remained densely organized. （2）Throughout development， dry matter content increased steadily， while moisture content progressively declined. Hard seededness rose sharply after 90 DAA and exceeded 50% at 150 DAA. （3）Soluble sugar content was relatively high during early development but remained low after 90 DAA. In contrast， soluble protein， crude fat， and starch accumulated significantly during the later stages. Activities of α- and β-amylase exhibited a “decrease-increase-decrease” pattern， whereas peroxidase（POD） activity increased markedly after 90 DAA. （4） Abscisic acid（ABA）， brassinolide（BR）， and gibberellic acid（GA₃） displayed a biphasic pattern characterized by “increase-decrease-increase-decrease” during seed development. Auxin（IAA） and zeatin riboside（ZR） content increased significantly during the middle stage， and the ratios of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA peaked at 90 DAA then declining with the subsequent re-accumulation of ABA. （5）Principal component analysis（PCA） indicated that early seed development was primarily associated with moisture content， soluble sugar content， and ABA content， whereas the middle-to-late developmental stages were mainly correlated with starch content， crude fat content， soluble protein content， POD activity， and IAA content. Overall， hardseed formation， shifts in carbon and nitrogen storage reserves， and coordinated hormonal regulation collectively contributed to the establishment of combinational dormancy in E. konishii seeds during development.

Key words: Euscaphis konishii, seed development, dormancy establishment, hardseededness, endogenous phytohormones

CLC Number:

S714.7

Hui YI, Ziyu YAO, Hao HUANG, Sheng SUN, Xueru JIANG, Junhuo CAI, Shuping TU. Establishment of Combinational Dormancy Traits during Seed Development of Euscaphis konishii Hayata[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 471-480.

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