Respond of Soil Nutrient to Plowing and Reseeding of Achnatherum splendens in the Qinghai Lake Region

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.02.015

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the vertical variation character of soil nutrients caused by plowing and reseeding treatments， the grassland of Achnatherum splendens was used to analyze the effects of two restoration with plowing in 1958 or reseeding in 1992 nutritional distribution characteristics of 0?10， 10?20， 20?30， 30?40 and 40?60 cm soil in the zone of the Qinghai Lake of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the soil organic carbon and the content of total K， the plot under plowing and reseeding disturbance， were significantly higher than natural A.splendens grassland. Both disturbances were beneficial to the shallow layers of soil to enrich available phosphorus and organic carbon nutrients， not to the restoration of total N（P<0.05）. The contents of available K， total N and organic carbon decreased as the depth of the soil increases， but the soil bulk density， soil pH， the content of total P and K were not significantly different among each layers of plowing soil. Compared with the natural group， the content of available N was significantly decreased at each layers of reseeding soil（P<0.01）， but both disturbances caused significantly higher total K content， and significantly lower total N content in the soil 40?60 cm（P<0.05）. Compared with the natural group， there were significantly positive correlation between the contents of total N and K（P<0.05）， not significant correlation between the contents of available P and N after reseeding， both disturbances aroused the negative correlation between the soil nutrients and the soil bulk density. The pH values of the soil decreased significantly after plowing and reseeding， and plowing treatment could concentrate the soil available nutrients in the surface layer. The reseeding treatment accelerated the turnover of soil nutrients， and the increase of output promoted the restoration of aboveground vegetation， Beside the total potassium content. Both disturbances caused the recovery of total nutrients in different soil layers will be an extremely slow process.

Key words: Qinghai Lake, reseeding, plowing, soil nutrient, soil restoration

CLC Number:

S812.2

Tao LIU, Di ZHU, Ting LÜ, Rui-Fang LIANG, Feng LIU, Zi-Lan MA, Yi-Kang LI, Yu-Zhi MA, Xu SU. Respond of Soil Nutrient to Plowing and Reseeding of Achnatherum splendens in the Qinghai Lake Region[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(2): 270-280.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Basic information of plots

地点

Plot

地理位置

Site

海拔

Alt.(m)

草地类型

Grassland type

草地状况

Grassland situation

刚察县三角城

羊场果洛藏村

37o16.760′N

100o19.410′E

3 268

58年翻耕

58a

原生植被为芨芨草草原，1958年进行过翻耕，后弃耕。植被种类有早熟禾（Poa annua）、异叶青兰（Dracocephalum heterophyllum）、伏毛山莓草（Sibbaldia adpressa）、多裂委陵菜（Potentilla multifida）、披针叶黄华（Thermopsis lanceolata）、细叶亚菊（Ajania tenuifolia）、线叶嵩草（Kobresia capillifolia）、冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、矮嵩草（Kobresia humilis）、芨芨草、针茅（Stipa capillata）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）

刚察县三角城

羊场果洛藏村

37o16.773′N

100o19.389′E

3 266

90年补播

90b

原生植被为芨芨草草原，1990年通过松耙、撒种补播垂穗披碱草，伴生有矮嵩草、赖草（Leymus secalinus）、垂穗披碱草、三穗苔草（Carex tristachya）、狗哇花（Heteropappus hispidus）、细叶亚菊、蒲公英（Taraxacum mongolicum）、棱子芹（Pleurospermum camtschaticum）、黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus）、高山马先蒿（Pedicularis ikomai）、披针叶黄华、线叶嵩草、早熟禾、蒲公英、多裂委陵菜、异叶青兰、狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme）、北柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）、冰草、芨芨草，植被盖度45%~60%，而原生芨芨草零星分布，草高（营养枝）4~5 cm，生殖枝12 cm

刚察县三角城

羊场果洛藏村

37°16.62′N

100°19.526′E

3 271

原生草地以芨芨草为原生植被丛径35~40 cm，高70 cm，盖度30%以斑块状分布，样地中芨芨草集中分布处为沙积层土层，高出地表30 cm，土壤疏松。植被下层为紫花针茅、甘肃棘豆（Oxytropis kansuensis）、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）、多裂委陵菜、披针叶黄华、狗哇花、伏毛山莓草、柴胡、鸢尾（Iris tectorum）、狼毒、针茅、披碱草（Elymus dahuricus）、亚麻（Linum usitatissimum）、蒲公英，盖度20%，未见鼠类活动

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.1

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土壤理化性质 Soil properties	土壤深度 Soil depth(cm)	原生芨芨草样地 CK	90补播 90b reseeding	58翻耕 58a plowing
速效氮 Available nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	22.517±5aA	14.734±0.7bA	24.823±0.9aB
	10~20	18.934±2.3cAB	12.905±0.1bAB	28.29±0.5aA
	20~30	14.592±0.6aAB	11.67±0.1aB	20.226±0.5abB
	30~40	10.888±0.8bAB	8.493±0.2cC	17.146±0.3aC
	40~60	8.758±2.5aAB	7.962±0.6aC	8.673±0.5aC
速效磷 Available phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	1.894±0.03cA	1.667±0.05cA	2.667±0.04bA
	10~20	1.467±0.01cAB	0.457±0.01dA	0.529±0.004dAB
	20~30	1.281±0.1bBC	0.115±0.002dB	0.497±0.005cB
	30~40	1.13±0.001aCD	0.12±0.004bB	0.118±0.001bC
	40~60	0.935±0.01aD	0.107±0.003bC	0.114±0.003bC
速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	363.55±13.1aA	320.95±34.5aA	408.98±12.2aA
	10~20	174.42±2.2cAB	183.85±26bcAB	231.34±1bB
	20~30	151.5±8.3aBC	144.77±5.8bBC	162.28±22.6bBC
	30~40	116.6±8.4bCD	109.88±4.9bC	135.2±3.1aC
	40~60	101.87±4.9aD	102.23±1.7aC	107.79±10.9aD

土壤理化性质 Soil properties	土壤深度 Soil depth(cm)	原生芨芨草样地 CK	90补播 90b reseeding	58翻耕 58a plowing
全氮 Total nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	0.285±0.01abA	0.235±0.02bA	0.206±0.03bA
	10~20	0.22±0.005bAB	0.227±0.005bAB	0.152±0.03aAB
	20~30	0.142±0.02bAB	0.131±0.003bBC	0.173±0.03bA
	30~40	0.109±0.02aAB	0.089±0.006aCD	0.095±0.003aBC
	40~60	0.079±0.01aB	0.053±0.009bD	0.056±0.003bC
全磷 Total phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	0.067±0.005aA	0.07±0.001aA	0.066±0.002aA
	10~20	0.064±0.001bA	0.067±0.001abA	0.066±0.005abA
	20~30	0.06±0.002bA	0.066±0.003abA	0.06±0.003bA
	30~40	0.059±0.001bA	0.063±0.001abA	0.064±0.001aA
	40~60	0.064±0.001aA	0.061±0.003aA	0.057±0.006aA
全钾 Total potassium(mg·kg^-1)	0~10	1.319±0.2bA	2.134±0.03aA	2.292±0.05aA
	10~20	1.497±0.1bA	2.13±0.06aA	2.231±0.01aA
	20~30	1.402±0.3bA	2.019±0.03cA	2.174±0.06aA
	30~40	1.156±0.05bA	2.115±0.01aA	2.216±0.1aA
	40~60	1.35±0.1bA	2.01±0.1aA	2.205±0.06aA

土壤理化性质 Soil properties	土壤深度 Soil depth(cm)	原生芨芨草样地 CK	90补播 90b reseeding	58翻耕 58a plowing
容重 Soil bulk density	0~10	1.18±0.01aA	1.16±0.01aA	1.24±0.01aA
	10~20	1.22±0.05aA	1.22±0.02aA	1.21±0.01aA
	20~30	1.28±0.01aA	1.40±0.01aB	1.31±0.01aA
	30~40	1.29±0.03aA	1.41±0.01Ba	1.34±0.01aAB
	40~60	1.26±0.01aA	1.60±0.01aC	1.36±0.02aAC
有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	0~10	2.88±0.03cA	4.07±0.03bA	5.503±0.04aA
	10~20	2.065±0.09cA	4.113±0.08bA	4.815±0.03aB
	20~30	1.955±0.5bA	4.24±0.3aA	4.525±0.09aC
	30~40	1.53±0.4bA	3.91±0.06aA	4.285±0.01aD
	40~60	1.915±0.1bA	3.813±0.2aA	4.09±0.2aE
pH	0~10	7.6±0.01aA	7.3±0.01aA	7.4±0.01aA
	10~20	8±0.01aB	7.1±0.01aA	7.4±0.01aA
	20~30	8.4±0.01aB	7.2±0.01aA	7.5±0.01aA
	30~40	7.6±0.01aA	7.3±0.01aA	7.6±0.01aA
	40~60	7.8±0.01aA	7.4±0.01aA	7.6±0.01aA

源 Treatments	因变量 Dependent variables	Ⅲ型平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Sig.
土层深度与扰动方式 Depth*treatments	速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg^-1)	4 573.410	8	571.676	0.536	0.818
	全钾 Total potassium(mg·kg^-1)	0.122	8	0.015	0.710	0.680
	速效磷Available phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	2.866	8	0.358	165.808	<0.001
	全磷 Total phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	0.001	8	0.001	0.782	0.623
	速效氮 Available nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	173.259	8	21.657	5.768	<0.001
	全氮 Total nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	0.014	8	0.002	2.588	0.034
	pH	0.819	8	0.102	0.486	0.854
	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	2.639	8	0.330	3.526	0.008
	容重 Soil bulk density	0.133	8	0.017	109.339	<0.001
土层深度 Depth of soil	速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg^-1)	293 035.748	4	73 258.937	68.690	<0.001
	全钾 Total potassium(mg·kg^-1)	0.077	4	0.019	0.894	0.483
	速效磷Available phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	14.864	4	3.716	1 719.880	<0.001
	全磷 Total phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	0.001	4	7.205	3.285	0.028
	速效氮 Available nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	812.161	4	203.040	54.079	<0.001
	全氮 Total nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	0.165	4	0.041	63.144	<0.001
	pH	0.343	4	0.086	0.407	0.802
	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	4.913	4	1.228	13.128	<0.001
	容重 Soil bulk density	0.263	4	0.066	431.975	<0.001
扰动方式 Treatments	速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg^-1)	4 072.323	2	2 036.161	1.909	0.170
	全钾 Total potassium(mg·kg^-1)	4.854	2	2.427	112.545	<0.001
	速效磷Available phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	4.413	2	2.207	1 021.280	<0.001
	全磷 Total phosphorus(mg·kg^-1)	7.181	2	3.595	1.637	0.216
	速效氮 Available nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	517.674	2	258.837	68.940	<0.001
	全氮 Total nitrogen(mg·kg^-1)	0.005	2	0.003	4.149	0.028
	pH	2.707	2	1.353	6.422	0.006
	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	38.033	2	19.016	203.266	<0.001
	容重 Soil bulk density	0.086	2	0.043	283.186	<0.001

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