Abstract: There are a lot of aerenchyma in the roots, stems and leaves of Rhodiola sachalinensis.The aerenchyma was made of broken cell of vascular ray in the roots.The solid protein exists in all of the parenchyma of the roots.There is the aleurone layer outside the bundle ring of the stems.The solid protein exits most the round of the vine.Abundant protein of the plant is formed the very strong antifreeze material basis.the phellem is very expand in the secondary structure of the root.

Key words: Rhodiola sachalinensis, anatomy structure, antifreeze protein, microscopical technique