Abstract: The pollen morphology of 52 species and 2 varieties belonging to 21 genera of Rutaceae from China was examined by means of light microscope of which 6 species examined by means of scanning electron microscope. The pollen of Rutaceae belongs to stenopalynous. According to numbere of the opertures and orn-amentation of exine the pollen of the family can be divided into two types:tricolporate and 4-6 colporate. A pollen morphology key has been shown in this paper based on the pollen characters. In addition, new conbination in Zanthoxylum and Fagara and close affinity between Zanthoxylum and Evodia were discussed in the present study The pollen grains of the family prolate-subspheroidal or ob-late,3-6 lobed-circular or subcircular in polar view. Polar axis×equatorial axis=(18.2-72.8)×(12.3-54.6). The smallest pollen are found in Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsl., (20.0-25.0) 22.5×15.0(12.5-17.5). The lagest pollen grains are in Micromelum pubescens Bl.,(46.8-72.6)59.8×46.8 (39.0-54.6). Tricolporate pollen type is common in the family, but 4-6 colporate types are rarely found. The colpi are usually long and narrow with membrane The margin of some colpi are usually thickened.Some pollen are syncolpate in polar view, longicolpate with lalongate ora. The colpus and os intersect each other and They form a cross-mark in the equatorial view. Exine about 1.5-4.0 thick,sexine thicker than nexine. The columella layers are clearly visible. The ornamentations of exines are reticulate and striate. Based on numbers of the opertures and ornamentation of exine 21 genera can be divided into two types and four subtypes:1. Tricolporate (1) The tricolporate with reticulate ornametation; (2) Tricol porate with striate ornamentation. 2. 4-6 colporate (1) 4-6 colporate with reticulate ornamentation; (2) 4-6 colporate with striation ornamentation.