Abstract: Pollen morphology of 16 genera, 60 species, 5 varieties in Chinese Papaveraceae were observed by means of light microscope in the present paper. Among others 15 genera, 27 species were observed by means of scanning electron microscope. Pollen morphology of the family Papaveraceae is eurypalynous. Tricolpate is the basic and primitive types. According to the shapes, numbers and characters of the apertures, the pollen grains of the family Papaveraceae are divided into the six types-tricolpate, dicolpate, 4-6 colpate, pancolpate, panporate and inaperturate. According to palynological data, the evolutional trends of pollen grains and other organs in the Meconopsis Vig., the evolu-tional relationships of the family Papaveraceae and the evolutional trends of the apertures in the family Papaveraceae were discussed.