土地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物群落功能对土地利用方式变化的响应在土壤生态功能的预测方面具有重要意义。为了明确黑土区土地利用方式对土壤细菌群落的影响，该研究分析了东北黑土区农田、林地和草地的土壤细菌群落结构、共现网络结构及功能基因，并采用结构方程模型探讨了土地利用方式、土壤理化性质、细菌多样性、细菌群落结构、共现网络和功能基因之间的相互作用机制。结果表明：不同土地利用方式的土壤理化性质、细菌群落结构存在显著差异（P<0.05），林地和草地的多样性及共现网络平均度显著高于农田（P<0.05）。林地细菌共现网络正相关边的占比高于其他处理，即林地土壤细菌之间存在更强的协同作用。功能基因研究结果表明，不同土地利用方式显著改变了土壤细菌群落功能基因丰度（P<0.05）。结构方程模型表明，细菌群落结构对功能基因的直接影响最大，土地利用方式对土壤细菌群落功能基因的间接影响最大。综上，该研究进一步证实土地利用方式对土壤细菌群落的影响，为黑土区土地管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 土地利用方式, 土壤细菌, 共现网络, 功能预测, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

The response of soil microbial community functions to land use changes is of key importance in the prediction of soil ecological functions. In order to clarify the effects of different land use patterns on bacterial communities in the black soil region， the soil bacterial community structure， co-occurrence network structure and functional genes in cropland， forest land and grassland in the northeastern black soil region were analyzed， respectively， and the interaction mechanisms among land use patterns， soil physicochemical properties， bacterial diversity， bacterial community structure， co-occurrence network and functional genes were explored using structural equation modelling. The results showed that there were significant differences（P<0.05） in soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure among different land use patterns， and that the Shannon index and the average degree of co-occurrence network of forest land and grassland were significantly higher than that in cropland（P<0.05）. The proportion of positive correlation edges of bacterial co-occurrence network in forest land was higher than that in other treatments， there was a stronger synergistic effect between soil bacteria in forest land. Functional gene results showed that different land use patterns significantly altered functional gene abundance（P<0.05）. Structural equation modelling indicated that bacterial community structure had the greatest direct effect on functional genes， and land use practices had the greatest indirect effect on functional genes. In conclusion， this study further confirmed the effects of different land use patterns on bacterial communities， which provided a scientific basis for land management in the black soil area.

Key words: land use patterns, soil bacteria, co-occurrence networks, functional prediction, structural equation model

中图分类号:

S714.7

支君, 段文标, 高明, 胡伟, 李猛, 王姝人. 土地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(1): 22-33.

Jun ZHI, Wenbiao DUAN, Ming GAO, Wei HU, Meng LI, Shuren WANG. Impact of Land Use Patterns on the Structure and Function of Soil Bacterial Communities[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(1): 22-33.

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处理 Treatment	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ （g⋅cm^-3）	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content/%	酸碱度 pH	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon/ （g⋅kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen /（g⋅kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus /（g⋅kg^-1）	全钾 Total potassium /（g⋅kg^-1）
农田-7月	1.34±0.06^a	27.37±0.69^b	7.51±0.03^b	14.59±0.34^b	1.77±0.06^b	1.61±0.03^a	21.86±0.23^a
草地-7月	1.22±0.03^b	29.51±0.64^a	7.58±0.07^a	16.83±0.27^a	2.03±0.07^a	0.65±0.01^b	20.37±0.21^b
林地-7月	1.18±0.06^b	30.48±0.66^a	7.60±0.05^a	17.50±0.10^a	2.18±0.07^a	0.17±0.01^c	20.67±0.31^b
农田-8月	1.29±0.02^a	27.21±0.80^b	7.52±0.08^b	14.98±0.09^c	1.78±0.06^b	1.64±0.04^a	21.73±0.23^a
草地-8月	1.21±0.01^b	30.05±0.89^a	7.57±0.08^a	16.64±0.28^b	1.91±0.28^a	0.65±0.01^b	20.87±0.61^b
林地-8月	1.18±0.04^b	30.41±0.57^a	7.59±0.04^a	18.37±0.72^a	2.18±0.07^a	0.16±0.01^c	20.67±0.31^b
农田-9月	1.32±0.03^a	27.31±0.78^b	7.52±0.04^b	14.77±0.39^c	1.73±0.04^b	1.64±0.01^a	21.93±0.31^a
草地-9月	1.29±0.11^b	30.56±0.45^a	7.58±0.09^a	16.19±0.61^b	1.92±0.33^a	0.64±0.01^b	20.43±0.29^b
林地-9月	1.23±0.07^b	31.12±0.41^a	7.62±0.04^a	17.49±0.08^a	2.14±0.05^a	0.16±0.01^c	20.63±0.25^b

处理 Treatment	节点数量 Number of nodes	边数量 Number of edges	平均度 Average degree	正相关 Positive correlation/%	模块化指数 Modularity	聚类系数 Clustering coefficient	平均路径 Average path
农田-7月	198	234	4.727	52.56	0.870	0.742	7.668
草地-7月	200	269	5.380	51.30	0.850	0.824	2.978
林地-7月	200	288	5.760	54.74	0.777	0.778	3.667
农田-8月	192	244	5.083	51.51	0.823	0.721	4.391
草地-8月	200	244	5.088	50.82	0.833	0.729	3.439
林地-8月	188	388	8.225	54.12	0.704	0.786	3.663
农田-9月	194	287	5.495	51.57	0.755	0.751	5.178
草地-9月	192	305	6.354	53.07	0.796	0.772	5.009
林地-9月	198	272	5.981	55.31	0.743	0.773	4.034