植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 307-320.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.02.016
• 植物群落生态学 • 上一篇
周浩然1,2, 孙洪刚2, 张鹏1(), 韩媛媛2, 李文华2,3
收稿日期:
2023-09-15
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2024-03-11
通讯作者:
张鹏
E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn
作者简介:
周浩然(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事森林培育研究。
基金资助:
Haoran ZHOU1,2, Honggang SUN2, Peng ZHANG1(), Yuanyuan HAN2, Wenhua LI2,3
Received:
2023-09-15
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2024-03-11
Contact:
Peng ZHANG
E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn
摘要:
为探究杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)与山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)的混交效应,以景德镇枫树山林场20年生杉木纯林、山杜英纯林和杉木-山杜英混交林为研究对象,每种林分类型设置3种坡位(上坡、中坡和下坡),分析树种混交对林分生长的影响,并分别探究混交效应对立地条件和生境因子的响应。结果表明:混交林蓄积较预期蓄积增加5%,表现略微增产;混交林中杉木蓄积较杉木纯林增加15%,混交林中山杜英蓄积较山杜英纯林减少13%。相对于纯林,两树种直径分布特征对混交的响应呈相反趋势,混交林中杉木直径分布峰值向高阶移动,而混交林中山杜英直径分布峰值向低阶移动。混交林及其纯林粗根直径-胸径的异速生长分析表明,混交林中杉木生长侧重于树干生长,而山杜英生长侧重于根系生长;无论林型和树种,坡位由上到下,林木生长会侧重于树干生长。杉木-山杜英混交效应与地位指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),土壤有效磷是混交林生长的主要限制因子。杉木与山杜英混交可促进林分生长,且混交林对较差立地条件有更好的适应性。
中图分类号:
周浩然, 孙洪刚, 张鹏, 韩媛媛, 李文华. 混交对杉木和山杜英混交林生长、结构和生产力的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(2): 307-320.
Haoran ZHOU, Honggang SUN, Peng ZHANG, Yuanyuan HAN, Wenhua LI. Effect of Species-mixing on the Growth, Structure and Productivity of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Elaeocarpus sylvestris Mixed Forests[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(2): 307-320.
表1
杉木-山杜英混交林及其纯林生长情况
树种 Species | 林型 Stand type | 林分密度 Stand density/ (tree·hm-2) | 胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm | 树高 Tree height/ m | 枝下高 Height to crown base/m | 冠长 Crown length/ m | 冠幅 Crown width/ m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木C. lanceolata | 混交林mixed | 1 550±167 a | 16.23±0.10 a | 13.84±1.24 a | 7.35±1.41 a | 6.42±1.98 a | 2.43±0.20 b |
纯林pure | 1 542±106 a | 14.39±0.78 b | 13.64±1.18 a | 6.98±1.43 ab | 6.82±1.74 a | 2.36±0.26 b | |
山杜英E. sylvestris | 混交林mixed | 1 550±167 a | 10.93±1.14 c | 10.22±1.59 c | 5.70±0.87 b | 3.92±0.89 b | 3.17±0.52 a |
纯林pure | 1 533±17 a | 13.56±1.23 b | 12.03±1.63 b | 5.83±0.92 ab | 5.80±0.35 ab | 3.22±0.62 a |
表4
杉木-山杜英混交林及其纯林的形态特性
树种 Species | 林型 Stand type | 高径比 Tree height/Diameter | 冠长率 Crown length/Tree height | 冠径比 Crown diameter/Diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|
杉木C. lanceolata | 混交林Mixed | 0.87±0.04 b | 0.33±0.04 b | 0.18±0.02 b |
纯林Pure | 0.95±0.03 a | 0.36±0.02 b | 0.17±0.02 b | |
山杜英E. sylvestris | 混交林Mixed | 0.96±0.04 a | 0.52±0.07 a | 0.28±0.03 a |
纯林Pure | 0.85±0.03 b | 0.46±0.03 a | 0.24±0.07 ab |
表5
杉木-山杜英混交林及相应纯林林木的粗根直径-胸径标准化主轴回归参数
树种 Species | 林型 Stand type | 决定系数 Determination coefficient(R2 ) | 显著性 Significance(P) | 斜率(95%置信区间) Slope(95% CIs) | 截距(95%置信区间) Intercept(95%CIs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 C. lanceolata | 纯林Pure | 0.613 | <0.001 | 1.166[1.073,1.268]c | -1.498[-1.731,-1.264] |
混交林Mixed | 0.697 | <0.001 | 0.770[0.661,0.896]d | -1.118[-1.407,-0.829] | |
山杜英 E. sylvestris | 纯林Pure | 0.737 | <0.001 | 1.305[1.232,1.382]b | -1.888[-2.084,-1.692] |
混交林Mixed | 0.796 | <0.001 | 1.689[1.524,1.872]a | -3.326[-3.781,-2.871] |
表6
不同坡位的杉木-山杜英混交林及相应纯林林木的粗根直径-胸径标准化主轴回归参数
树种 Species | 林型 Stand type | 坡位 Slope position | 决定系数 Determination coefficient(R2 ) | 显著性 Significance(P) | 斜率(95%置信区间) Slope(95% CIs) | 截距(95%置信区间) Intercept(95% CIs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 C.lanceolata | 混交林 Mixed | 上Upper | 0.731 | <0.001 | 0.795[0.606,1.043]a | -1.153[-1.663,-0.642] |
中Middle | 0.794 | <0.001 | 0.617[0.486,0.783]a | -0.801[-1.166,-0.436] | ||
下Down | 0.588 | <0.001 | 0.275[0.197,0.384]b | 0.177[-0.061,0.416] | ||
纯林 Pure | 上Upper | 0.857 | <0.001 | 1.453[1.328,1.590]a | -2.148[-2.452,-1.845] | |
中Middle | 0.728 | <0.001 | 0.911[0.805,1.031]b | -0.816[-1.089,-0.543] | ||
下Down | 0.511 | <0.001 | 0.465[0.394,0.549]c | 0.135[-0.054,0.325] | ||
山杜英 E.sylvestris | 混交林 Mixed | 上Upper | 0.889 | <0.001 | 1.855[1.612,2.133]a | -3.679[-4.334,-3.025] |
中Middle | 0.846 | <0.001 | 1.817[1.541,2.142]a | -3.709[-4.497,-2.921] | ||
下Down | 0.466 | <0.001 | 1.205[0.890,1.632]b | -2.039[-3.039,-1.038] | ||
纯林 Pure | 上Upper | 0.764 | <0.001 | 1.445[1.314,1.589]a | -2.159[-2.505,-1.813] | |
中Middle | 0.873 | <0.001 | 1.421[1.325,1.524]a | -2.249[-2.514,-1.983] | ||
下Down | 0.476 | <0.001 | 0.987[0.856,1.137]b | -1.057[-1.435,-0.679] |
表7
不同坡位杉木-山杜英混交林的生境因子
坡位 Slpoe position | 光照强度 Light intensity/lx | 土壤含水率 Soil water content/% | 土壤酸碱度 Soil pH | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter/ (g·kg-1) | 土壤温度 Soil temperature/ ℃ | 土壤水解性氮 Soil hydrolysable nitrogen/(mg·kg-1) | 土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上Upper | 675.92±62.17a | 30.91±2.68b | 4.57±0.07 a | 19.72±3.12 c | 20.35±1.00 a | 97.56±1.71 c | 1.47±0.08 c |
中Middle | 665.87±72.99a | 30.94±1.37b | 4.46±0.09 b | 21.74±0.79 b | 19.82±0.69 ab | 115.71±8.56 b | 1.80±0.08 b |
下Lower | 675.71±36.46a | 33.92±0.93a | 4.32±0.06 c | 26.93±1.28 a | 19.38±0.72 b | 145.76±3.66 a | 2.19±0.07 a |
表8
杉木-山杜英混交林生长状况与环境因子的前向选择结果
环境因子 Environmental factor | 环境因子与RDA前两轴的相关系数 Correlation coefficient of environmental factor and RDA axis | 蒙特卡洛检验结果 Result of Monte Carlo test | 重要性排序 Importance rankings | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1轴 RDA 1 | 第2轴 RDA 2 | F | P | ||
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus | 0.976 | -0.029 | 28.7 | 0.002 | 1 |
光照强度 Light intensity | 0.018 | 0.930 | 9.0 | 0.002 | 2 |
土壤酸碱度 Soil pH | -0.812 | 0.361 | 3.2 | 0.046 | 3 |
土壤水解性氮 Soil hydrolysable nitrogen | 0.972 | 0.113 | 1.6 | 0.184 | 4 |
土壤温度 Soil temperature | -0.518 | 0.047 | 0.8 | 0.484 | 5 |
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 0.839 | -0.100 | 0.9 | 0.378 | 6 |
土壤含水率 Soil water content | 0.588 | -0.166 | 1.3 | 0.272 | 7 |
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