植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 231-241.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.02.008
收稿日期:
2022-08-17
出版日期:
2023-03-20
发布日期:
2023-03-07
通讯作者:
张孟文
E-mail:601565959@qq.com
作者简介:
张孟文(1986—),男,博士研究生,主要从事森林生态学、红树林保护与恢复研究。
基金资助:
Mengwen ZHANG(), Cairong ZHONG, Xiaobo LÜ, Zanshan FANG, Cheng CHENG
Received:
2022-08-17
Online:
2023-03-20
Published:
2023-03-07
Contact:
Mengwen ZHANG
E-mail:601565959@qq.com
About author:
ZHANG Mengwen(1986—),male,Ph.D,research interests include forest ecology,mangrove conservation and restoration.
Supported by:
摘要:
以3种海桑属(Sonneratia)濒危红树植物——海南海桑(Sonneratia × hainanensis)、拟海桑(S. × gulngai)、卵叶海桑(S. ovata)为研究对象,通过编制静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率和消亡率等曲线分析其种群结构,并用生存分析与时间序列对其未来的数量动态进行预测,以阐述其种群结构特征和动态变化规律,为海桑属濒危植物种群的保护和恢复提供基础资料和科学依据。结果显示:(1)卵叶海桑种群结构为增长型;而由于缺乏幼龄个体,海南海桑和拟海桑均为衰退型。(2)三者的种群存活曲线都表现为Deevey-Ⅱ型,各种群的死亡率和消失率曲线的变化趋势一致,并随着龄级的增加呈波状上升趋势,其中海南海桑和拟海桑均在老龄阶段遇到了障碍,而卵叶海桑幼龄个体的发展遇到了瓶颈。(3)海南海桑和拟海桑种群自我更新能力较差,未来种群数量将逐渐衰退。卵叶海桑种群具有良好的恢复潜力,未来种群数量将逐步增加,但由于其种群个体数随龄级增加呈衰减趋势,若继续保持这种态势,将有可能导致龄级断层现象。(4)人类的养殖活动导致原有生境破碎化,产生了一系列不适宜种子萌发与幼苗生长的环境因子(光照、盐度、潮汐等),这在很大程度上抑制了海桑属濒危植物种群的自然更新。建议在加大天然种群就地保护力度的基础上,优化迁地保护策略和科学实施野外回归,并积极开展人工辅助育种工作,突破育种难题,以保证其种群的正常更新。
中图分类号:
张孟文, 钟才荣, 吕晓波, 方赞山, 程成. 3种海桑属濒危红树植物的种群结构与动态特征[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(2): 231-241.
Mengwen ZHANG, Cairong ZHONG, Xiaobo LÜ, Zanshan FANG, Cheng CHENG. Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Three Endangered Mangrove Species from Genus Sonneratia[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(2): 231-241.
表1
样地基本情况
种群 Population | 样地数量 Number of sample plot | 坐标 Longitude & latitude | 平均高度 Average height /m | 丰富度 Diversity | 群系 Formation | 郁闭度 Crown density /% | 海水盐度 Salinity /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南海桑 S.×hainanensis | 16 | 19°37′11″N 110°53′8″E | 5.2 | 15 | 木榄+杯萼海桑、海桑+海莲,等 Bruguiera gymnorhiza+Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris+Bruguiera sexangula,et al. | 50~80 | 156~209 |
拟海桑 S.×gulngai | 10 | 19°37′27″N 110°49′54″E | 9.3 | 11 | 拟海桑+杯萼海桑、拟海桑+海漆,等 Sonneratia×gulngai+Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia×gulngai+Excoecaria agallocha,et al. | 50~60 | 186~218 |
卵叶海桑 S. ovata | 8 | 19°37′58″N 110°48′35″E | 4.4 | 8 | 卵叶海桑+海莲,等 Sonneratia ovata+Bruguiera sexangula,et al. | 40~50 | 85~121 |
表2
3种海桑属濒危植物种群动态变化指数
种群动态指数级 Population dynamic index | 动态指数 Dynamic index value /% | ||
---|---|---|---|
海南海桑 S.×hainanensis | 拟海桑 S.×gulngai | 卵叶海桑 S. ovata | |
V1 | -100.00 | -100.00 | 57.02 |
V2 | -84.00 | -50.00 | 16.33 |
V3 | -16.67 | 0.00 | 75.61 |
V4 | 16.67 | -88.89 | 20.00 |
V5 | -7.41 | -43.75 | 87.50 |
V6 | 70.37 | -27.27 | 0.00 |
V7 | -20.00 | 11.36 | 100.00 |
V8 | 50.00 | 61.54 | — |
V9 | 100.00 | 13.33 | — |
V10 | -100.00 | 61.54 | — |
Vpi | 9.56 | 11.77 | 50.89 |
V′ pi | 0.44 | 0.53 | 4.63 |
表3
3种海桑属濒危植物种群静态生命表
种群 Population | 龄级χ Age class | Aχ | aχ | lχ | lnlχ | dχ | qχ | Lχ | Tχ | eχ | Kχ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南海桑 S.×hainanensis | Ⅰ | 0 | 32 | 1 000 | 6.908 | 156 | 0.156 | 922 | 3 750 | 3.750 | 0.170 |
Ⅱ | 4 | 27 | 844 | 6.738 | 156 | 0.185 | 766 | 2 828 | 3.352 | 0.205 | |
Ⅲ | 25 | 22 | 688 | 6.533 | 156 | 0.227 | 609 | 2 063 | 3.000 | 0.258 | |
Ⅳ | 30 | 17 | 531 | 6.275 | 156 | 0.294 | 453 | 1 453 | 2.735 | 0.348 | |
Ⅴ | 25 | 12 | 375 | 5.927 | 125 | 0.333 | 313 | 1 000 | 2.667 | 0.405 | |
Ⅵ | 27 | 8 | 250 | 5.521 | 63 | 0.250 | 219 | 688 | 2.750 | 0.288 | |
Ⅶ | 8 | 6 | 188 | 5.234 | 31 | 0.167 | 172 | 469 | 2.500 | 0.182 | |
Ⅷ | 10 | 5 | 156 | 5.051 | 31 | 0.200 | 141 | 297 | 1.900 | 0.223 | |
Ⅸ | 5 | 4 | 125 | 4.828 | 63 | 0.500 | 94 | 156 | 1.250 | 0.693 | |
Ⅹ | 0 | 2 | 63 | 4.135 | 31 | 0.500 | 47 | 63 | 1.000 | 0.693 | |
Ⅺ | 2 | 1 | 31 | 3.442 | 31 | 1.000 | 16 | 16 | 0.512 | — | |
拟海桑 S.×gulngai | Ⅰ | 0 | 42 | 1 000 | 6.908 | 143 | 0.143 | 929 | 3 524 | 3.524 | 0.154 |
Ⅱ | 1 | 36 | 857 | 6.754 | 214 | 0.250 | 750 | 2 595 | 3.028 | 0.288 | |
Ⅲ | 2 | 27 | 643 | 6.466 | 143 | 0.222 | 571 | 1 845 | 2.870 | 0.251 | |
Ⅳ | 2 | 21 | 500 | 6.215 | 143 | 0.286 | 429 | 1 274 | 2.548 | 0.336 | |
Ⅴ | 18 | 15 | 357 | 5.878 | 119 | 0.333 | 298 | 845 | 2.367 | 0.405 | |
Ⅵ | 32 | 10 | 238 | 5.473 | 71 | 0.300 | 202 | 548 | 2.300 | 0.357 | |
Ⅶ | 44 | 7 | 167 | 5.116 | 48 | 0.286 | 143 | 345 | 2.071 | 0.336 | |
Ⅷ | 39 | 5 | 119 | 4.780 | 48 | 0.400 | 95 | 202 | 1.700 | 0.511 | |
Ⅸ | 15 | 3 | 71 | 4.269 | 24 | 0.333 | 60 | 107 | 1.500 | 0.405 | |
Ⅹ | 13 | 2 | 48 | 3.863 | 24 | 0.500 | 36 | 48 | 1.000 | 0.693 | |
Ⅺ | 5 | 1 | 24 | 3.170 | 24 | 1.000 | 12 | 12 | 0.504 | — | |
卵叶海桑 S. ovata | Ⅰ | 114 | 96 | 842 | 6.736 | 412 | 0.490 | 636 | 1 544 | 1.833 | 0.673 |
Ⅱ | 49 | 49 | 430 | 6.063 | 70 | 0.163 | 395 | 908 | 2.112 | 0.178 | |
Ⅲ | 41 | 41 | 360 | 5.885 | 272 | 0.756 | 224 | 513 | 1.427 | 1.411 | |
Ⅳ | 10 | 10 | 88 | 4.474 | 26 | 0.300 | 75 | 289 | 3.300 | 0.357 | |
Ⅴ | 8 | 7 | 61 | 4.117 | 9 | 0.143 | 57 | 215 | 3.500 | 0.154 | |
Ⅵ | 1 | 6 | 53 | 3.963 | 9 | 0.167 | 48 | 158 | 3.000 | 0.182 | |
Ⅶ | 1 | 5 | 44 | 3.781 | 9 | 0.200 | 39 | 110 | 2.500 | 0.223 | |
Ⅷ | 0 | 4 | 35 | 3.558 | 9 | 0.250 | 31 | 70 | 2.000 | 0.288 | |
Ⅸ | 0 | 3 | 26 | 3.270 | 9 | 0.333 | 22 | 39 | 1.500 | 0.405 | |
Ⅹ | 0 | 2 | 18 | 2.865 | 9 | 0.500 | 13 | 18 | 1.000 | 0.693 | |
Ⅺ | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2.172 | 9 | 1.000 | 4 | 4 | 0.500 | — |
表4
三种海桑属濒危植物种群动态变化的时间序列分析
种群 Population | 龄级 Age class | 原始数据 Primary data | M2(1) | M4(1) | M6(1) | M8(1) | M10(1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南海桑 S.×hainanensis | Ⅰ | 0 | |||||
Ⅱ | 4 | 2.00 | |||||
Ⅲ | 25 | 14.50 | |||||
Ⅳ | 30 | 27.50 | 14.75 | ||||
Ⅴ | 25 | 27.50 | 21.00 | ||||
Ⅵ | 27 | 26.00 | 26.75 | 18.50 | |||
Ⅶ | 8 | 17.50 | 22.50 | 19.83 | |||
Ⅷ | 10 | 9.00 | 17.50 | 20.83 | 16.13 | ||
Ⅸ | 5 | 7.50 | 12.50 | 17.50 | 16.75 | ||
Ⅹ | 0 | 2.50 | 5.75 | 12.50 | 16.25 | 13.40 | |
Ⅺ | 2 | 1.00 | 4.25 | 8.67 | 13.38 | 13.60 | |
拟海桑 S.×gulngai | Ⅰ | 0 | |||||
Ⅱ | 1 | 0.50 | |||||
Ⅲ | 2 | 1.50 | |||||
Ⅳ | 2 | 2.00 | 1.25 | ||||
Ⅴ | 18 | 10.00 | 5.75 | ||||
Ⅵ | 32 | 25.00 | 13.50 | 9.17 | |||
Ⅶ | 44 | 38.00 | 24.00 | 16.50 | |||
Ⅷ | 39 | 41.50 | 33.25 | 22.83 | 17.25 | ||
Ⅸ | 15 | 27.00 | 32.50 | 25.00 | 19.13 | ||
Ⅹ | 13 | 14.00 | 27.75 | 26.83 | 20.63 | 16.60 | |
Ⅺ | 5 | 9.00 | 18.00 | 24.67 | 21.00 | 17.10 | |
卵叶海桑 S. ovata | Ⅰ | 114 | |||||
Ⅱ | 49 | 81.50 | |||||
Ⅲ | 41 | 45.00 | |||||
Ⅳ | 10 | 25.50 | 53.50 | ||||
Ⅴ | 8 | 9.00 | 27.00 | ||||
Ⅵ | 1 | 4.50 | 15.00 | 37.17 | |||
Ⅶ | 1 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 18.33 | |||
Ⅷ | 0 | 0.50 | 2.50 | 10.17 | 28.00 | ||
Ⅸ | 0 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 3.33 | 13.75 | ||
Ⅹ | 0 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 1.67 | 7.63 | 22.40 | |
Ⅺ | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 2.50 | 11.00 |
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