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植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 746-752.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.05.005

• 系统与进化 • 上一篇    下一篇

桃儿七种子解剖结构及其萌发生长期形态特征

曹小路, 赵巧竹, 幸华, 栗孟飞()   

  1. 干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-29 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 栗孟飞 E-mail:lmf@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曹小路(1994—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事植物学的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81560617);道地药材生态种植与质量保障项目(202103003);干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金(GSCS-2018-1);甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才”培育计划(Gaufx-02J04)

Anatomical Structure of Seed and Morphological Character at Different Germination Stages of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

Xiaolu CAO, Qiaozhu ZHAO, Hua XING, Mengfei LI()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2022-03-29 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-09-15
  • Contact: Mengfei LI E-mail:lmf@gsau.edu.cn
  • About author:CAO Xiaolu(1994—),male,master,major in botany.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81560617);Assurance Project of Ecological Planting and Quality of Daodi herbs(202103003);State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University(GSCS-2018-1);“Fuxi”Talents of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-02J04)

摘要:

为探明种皮和胚乳是否是限制桃儿七种子萌发的主要因素,利用组织切片和显微技术,对桃儿七种子及其不同萌发期(1、7、14、21、28 d)解剖结构和播种后一定时期内(7~210 d)的植株生长形态进行观察。桃儿七种子由种皮、胚乳和胚构成。种皮包括外种皮和内种皮,外种皮致密规整,由外至内分别为栅状石细胞和表皮层细胞,内种皮由5~6层海绵细胞组成。胚乳占种子体积的绝大部分,包括珠孔胚乳和外胚乳。胚由胚根、胚轴和子叶组成,被致密种皮、多层珠孔胚乳和外胚乳包围。萌发期1~7 d胚根和胚轴开始伸长,7~14 d两片子叶分离,14~21 d胚根突破珠孔胚乳和种皮,21~28 d胚根、胚轴和子叶继续扩张伸长。种子播种210 d后可平均形成3片功能真叶和5条不定根。致密种皮(物理休眠)和多层胚乳(机械休眠)是限制桃儿七种子萌发的两个主要因素。

关键词: 桃儿七, 种子解剖结构, 萌发和生长期, 种皮, 胚乳, 形态特征

Abstract:

To reveal whether the testa and endosperm are main factors restricting the seed germinationof Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, anatomical structure of seed in different germination stages(1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d) of S. hexandrum were observed by using the tissue sectioning microscopy, and morphological characteristics of plants were investigated after the germination seeds sowing 7-210 d. The seed of S. hexandrum was composed of testa, endosperm and embryo. The testa contained episperm and endopleura, the episperm was compact and regular and it was composed of palisade cells and epidermal cells from outside to inside, and the endopleura was composed of 5-6 layers sponge cells. The endosperm accounted for most of the seed, included micropylar endosperm and outer endosperm. The embryo consisted of radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledons, surrounded by the compacted testa, multilayer-micropylar endosperm and outer endosperm. During the germination stage, the radicle and hypocotyl began to elongate from 1-7 d, two cotyledons separated from 7-14 d, the radicle broke through the micropylar endosperm and testa from 14-21 d, the radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledons continued to expand and elongate from 21-28 d. 3 function leaves and 5 adventitious roots were formed on average after seeding for 210 d. The compacted testa(physical dormancy) and multilayer endosperm(mechanical dormancy) were the two main factors that restricted seed germination of S. hexandrum.

Key words: Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, anatomical structure of seed, germination and growth stage, testa, endosperm, morphological characteristic

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