植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 694-703.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.019
张青青1, 周再知1(), 黄桂华1, 赵威威1, 王西洋1,2, 杨光1,2, 刘高峰1
收稿日期:
2021-04-19
出版日期:
2022-07-20
发布日期:
2022-07-15
通讯作者:
周再知
E-mail:zzzhoucn@ritf.ac.cn;zzzhoucn@126.com
作者简介:
张青青(1993—),男,博士研究生,主要从事柚木高效培育研究。
基金资助:
Qingqing ZHANG1, Zaizhi ZHOU1(), Guihua HUANG1, Weiwei ZHAO1, Xiyang WANG1,2, Guang YANG1,2, Gaofeng LIU1
Received:
2021-04-19
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-07-15
Contact:
Zaizhi ZHOU
E-mail:zzzhoucn@ritf.ac.cn;zzzhoucn@126.com
About author:
ZHANG Qingqing(1993—),male,Ph.D candidate,efficient cultivation of teak plantation.
Supported by:
摘要:
为探究施肥对柚木(Tectona grandis L. f.)幼林生长及林下植被多样性的影响,以广西4年生的柚木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,开展不同肥种配比组合试验(F1,0.5 kg氮磷钾复合肥+1.0 kg钙肥+1.0 kg硫酸镁肥;F2,1.0 kg氮磷钾复合肥+0.5 kg钙肥+0.5 kg硫酸镁肥;F3,1.0 kg氮磷钾复合肥+0.5 kg硫酸镁肥;F4,1.0 kg氮磷钾复合肥+0.5 kg钙镁磷肥;CK,不施肥)。结果表明:施肥显著加快了柚木树高、胸径和单株材积的生长,各指标年均增量分别比不施肥(CK)提高了0.13~0.32 m、0.17~0.26 cm和4.35~9.63 dm3,其中F3配比组合处理生长增量最大,且胸径和材积生长率比CK显著增加了10.35%、10.55%。幼林林下植物相对丰富,植被种类涉及25科39属42种,其中菊科(Compositae)与禾本科(Gramineae)植物为主要优势种。不同处理间林下植被物种Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)差异显著(P<0.05),F1、F3处理的3个物种指数显著高于CK,而各处理Gleason物种丰富度指数(Dg)差异不明显,不同处理间生长及林下植被多样性等12个指标综合评价得分由高到低依次为F3、F1、F4、F2、CK。4年生柚木幼林合理施肥,可以促进林木生长,还可提高林下物种丰富度和多样性;1.0 kg氮磷钾复合肥和0.5 kg硫酸镁肥的低投入配方施肥,更有利于促进柚木人工林生长和群落的稳定。
中图分类号:
张青青, 周再知, 黄桂华, 赵威威, 王西洋, 杨光, 刘高峰. 施肥对柚木幼林生长及林下植被的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 694-703.
Qingqing ZHANG, Zaizhi ZHOU, Guihua HUANG, Weiwei ZHAO, Xiyang WANG, Guang YANG, Gaofeng LIU. Effects of Fertilizing on Trees Growth and Understory Vegetation of Young Teak Plantation[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 694-703.
表2
施肥处理后柚木生长状况
处理 Treatment | ΔH /m | ΔDBH /cm | ΔV /dm3 | PH /% | PD /% | PV /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0 | 0.103 | 0.230 | 0.048 |
F1 | 1.62±0.05 ab | 1.29±0.04 a | 26.34±1.48 ab | 19.80±0.56 a | 13.79±0.30 ab | 44.63±0.84 a |
F2 | 1.60±0.05 ab | 1.31±0.04 a | 27.70±1.36 ab | 18.88±0.49 ab | 13.67±0.38 ab | 43.82±0.89 a |
F3 | 1.69±0.06 a | 1.37±0.05 a | 29.33±1.62 a | 19.44±0.48 a | 14.29±0.45 a | 45.36±0.89 a |
F4 | 1.50±0.06 bc | 1.28±0.04 a | 24.05±1.16 b | 18.45±0.65 ab | 14.16±0.35 a | 43.97±0.86 a |
CK | 1.37±0.06 c | 1.11±0.05 b | 19.70±1.45 c | 17.61±0.60 b | 12.95±0.46 b | 41.03±1.13 b |
表3
不同施肥处理柚木林下主要物种及其重要值
物种 Species | 重要值 Important values /% | 物种 Species | 重要值 Important values /% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | CK | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | CK | ||
鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 37.91 | 52.51 | 19.40 | 27.12 | 35.79 | 盐肤木Rhus chinensis | - | - | - | 3.77 | 4.76 |
芒Miscanthus sinensis | 5.25 | 5.91 | 1.19 | 16.88 | 40.22 | 粗叶榕Ficus hirta | - | - | 4.41 | 2.91 | - |
毛蕨Cyclosorus interruptus | 7.20 | 3.25 | 5.68 | 1.30 | 4.70 | 广防风Anisomeles indica | - | 2.10 | 2.05 | - | - |
阔叶丰花草Borreria latifolia | 6.62 | - | 1.29 | 1.30 | - | 樟Cinnamomum camphora | - | - | - | 2.01 | - |
马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 6.43 | - | 0.92 | - | - | 牵牛花Pharbitis nil | 1.62 | 2.42 | - | - | - |
华南鳞盖蕨Microlepia hancei | 5.93 | 2.89 | 3.04 | - | - | 何首乌Fallopia multiflora | 1.97 | 1.88 | 1.14 | 4.20 | 3.30 |
海金沙Lygodium japonicum | 2.87 | - | 0.99 | - | - | 火炭母Polygonum chinense | - | - | 2.91 | 1.19 | 1.81 |
凤尾蕨Spider brake | 3.96 | 2.21 | 4.02 | - | - | 豆腐柴Premna microphylla | - | - | - | 1.03 | - |
地桃花Urena lobata | 1.51 | - | - | - | - | 毛桐Mallotus barbatus | - | - | - | 2.01 | - |
飞机草Eupatorium odoratum | 1.04 | - | 4.29 | - | - | 野莴苣Lactuca seriola | - | - | - | 1.07 | - |
剑叶凤尾蕨Pteris ensiformis | 2.00 | - | 1.97 | 1.10 | 1.67 | 臭鸡矢藤Paederia foetida | - | - | - | - | 2.05 |
野青茅Deyeuxia arundinacea | 5.52 | - | - | - | - | 小蓬草Conyza canadensis | 1.04 | - | - | - | |
金银花Lonicera japonica | 2.11 | 1.56 | 1.06 | 2.07 | - | 葛Pueraria lobata | 1.40 | 3.25 | - | - | - |
牡荆Vitex negundo | - | - | 8.27 | - | - | 低矮薹草Carex humilis | 1.48 | 3.09 | 1.02 | - | - |
淡竹叶Lophatherum gracile | - | - | 20.05 | 4.36 | - | 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | - | 1.54 | - | - | - |
马兜铃Aristolochia debilis | - | - | 1.05 | 1.64 | - | 千金藤Stephania japonica | - | - | 1.82 | - | - |
狗牙花Tabernaemontana divaricata | - | - | - | 1.71 | - | 银柴Aporusa dioica | - | - | 1.76 | - | - |
大叶马兜铃Aristolochia kaempferi | - | 3.87 | - | - | - | 鸭拓草Commelina communis | - | 2.03 | 1.02 | - | - |
小叶海金沙Lygodium scandens | - | - | - | 4.82 | - | 刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus | - | - | - | 4.35 | - |
变色白前Cynanchum versicolor | - | 1.59 | - | - | - | 山鸡椒Litsea cubeba | - | - | 1.11 | - | 3.85 |
求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius | 4.15 | - | 9.54 | 13.84 | - | 大青Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | - | - | - | 1.35 | 1.65 |
表4
不同施肥处理林下植被物种多样性指数
处理 Treatment | Gleason丰富度指数 Gleason index (Dg) | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′) | Simpson指数 Simpson index (D) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index (Jsw) |
---|---|---|---|---|
P | 0.087 | 0.01 | 0.026 | 0.014 |
F1 | 2.81±0.49 ab | 1.63±0.07 a | 0.74±0.02 a | 0.28±0.02 a |
F2 | 2.08±0.08 ab | 0.86±0.19 bc | 0.41±0.12 c | 0.17±0.04 b |
F3 | 3.21±0.21 a | 1.64±0.17 a | 0.73±0.05 a | 0.29±0.04 a |
F4 | 2.81±0.40 ab | 1.34±0.24 ab | 0.66±0.06 ab | 0.22±0.04 ab |
CK | 1.76±0.42 b | 0.79±0.13 c | 0.46±0.07 bc | 0.13±0.02 b |
表5
多指标主成分分析
特征类别 Factors | 主成分 Principal component | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′) | 0.755 | -0.627 | 0.092 |
Simpson指数 Simpson index (D) | 0.670 | -0.662 | 0.189 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index (Jsw) | 0.687 | -0.683 | -0.061 |
Gleason丰富度指数 Gleason index (Dg) | 0.809 | -0.332 | 0.229 |
树高生长量 height increment (ΔH) | 0.817 | 0.302 | -0.429 |
胸径生长量 DBH growth (ΔDBH) | 0.810 | 0.398 | -0.199 |
材积生长量 Volume growth (ΔV) | 0.622 | 0.246 | -0.691 |
树高生长率 High growth rate (PH) | 0.700 | 0.175 | -0.249 |
胸径生长率 DBH growth rate (PD) | 0.755 | 0.358 | 0.393 |
材积生长率 Volume growth rate (PV) | 0.874 | 0.399 | 0.110 |
覆盖度 Coverage (C,%) | 0.681 | 0.232 | 0.538 |
林下植被生物量 Mass (m,kg·m-2) | 0.042 | 0.781 | 0.423 |
特征根 Eigenvalue | 6.146 | 2.700 | 1.499 |
贡献率 Proportion /% | 51.220 | 22.500 | 12.490 |
累计贡献率 Cumulative proportion /% | 51.220 | 73.720 | 86.210 |
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