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植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 528-535.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.002

• 系统与进化 • 上一篇    下一篇

穿龙薯蓣的花序特征研究

张雨晴, 高润梅(), 党裳霓, 冯宇梅, 杨柳, 白甜雨   

  1. 山西农业大学林学院,太谷 030800
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-29 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 高润梅 E-mail:sxndgrm@163.com
  • 作者简介:张雨晴(1996—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生殖生物学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31400536);山西省林业科技创新资助项目(林业重点研发计划专项)(LYCX201961);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123391)

Characterization of Inflorescence Type in Discorea nipponica

Yuqing ZHANG, Runmei GAO(), Shangni DANG, Yumei FENG, Liu YANG, Tianyu BAI   

  1. College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030800
  • Received:2021-04-29 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-07-15
  • Contact: Runmei GAO E-mail:sxndgrm@163.com
  • About author:ZHANG Yuqing(1996—),female,post graduate,mainly engaged in plant reproductive biology research.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400536);Shanxi Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Funding Project(Forestry Key Research and Development Plan)(LYCX201961);Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(20210302123391)

摘要:

花序是影响植物繁殖的关键性状,也在分类学和系统发育研究中起着重要作用。药用植物穿龙薯蓣(Discorea nipponica)的花序类型具有多样型,但目前相关研究资料较少,且常有争议。为明晰穿龙薯蓣的花序类型及特征,本研究以观察测量为主,结合石蜡制片技术,对穿龙薯蓣的花序形态、数量性状及发育过程进行研究。结果表明:穿龙薯蓣雌花形成腋生的穗状花序,具退化雄蕊,具花粉囊,但不产生花粉;雄花序特征与现有资料的描述不尽相同,雄花序生于叶腋或顶生于侧枝,花序主轴为无限花序,侧轴为蝎尾状单歧聚伞花序,整体为形似穗状的混合花序;由于雄株部分侧枝叶片退化,腋生花序向顶逐渐短缩,与顶生花序结合呈圆锥状;雄花序的长度、小花数量、小花密度及花期时间等均高于雌花序。本研究发现,穿龙薯蓣雌雄花序形态与有限花序向无限花序演化过程相符,具原始性,可保证传粉的成功率,增强对环境的适应性。

关键词: 穿龙薯蓣, 花序类型, 混合花序

Abstract:

Inflorescence is a key character affecting plant reproduction and plays an important role in plant taxonomy and phylogeny. The inflorescence types of Discorea nipponica are diverse, but relevant data are few available and often controversial. In order to distinguish the inflorescence types and characteristics of D. nipponica, a morphological observation combined with paraffin sectioning techniques was carried out to investigate the morphological characters, quantitative characters and development process of inflorescences of D. nipponica respectively. The results showed that the female inflorescence was an axillary spike, and had vestigial anther and pollen sac but didn’t produce pollen. The male inflorescence of D. nipponica showed different characteristics from the description of existing data. The male inflorescence was an infinite one composed of scorpion-tailed monochasium, which belonged to the mixed inflorescence with axillary or terminal buds developed, was shaped like spike. The leaves on some lateral branches of male plants degenerated, and axillary inflorescences gradually shortened towards the tip, presenting conical type with the terminal inflorescence. Male inflorescences had higher values than female ones in terms of average length, the number of florets, the density of florets, and flowering time respectively. The study showed that the male and female inflorescences of D. nipponica morphologies were consistent with the evolution from finite to infinite, exhibited relatively primitive features, which ensured the success of pollination and adaptability to the environment.

Key words: Discorea nipponica, inflorescence type, mixed inflorescence

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