镉胁迫对大青杨不同倍体的生长及生理生化的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以大青杨不同倍体当年生扦插苗为研究对象，用不同浓度CdCl₂溶液对其进行镉胁迫处理，研究不同镉浓度对大青杨3种倍体的生长和生理生化的影响。结果表明：镉胁迫对大青杨3种倍体生长有显著的抑制作用，随着镉浓度的增加，与对照苗（二倍体，CK）相比受胁迫苗的苗高和地径都显著下降；叶绿素含量先升高后下降；大青杨二倍体和四倍体的叶片含水量随镉浓度增加呈下降趋势，而三倍体叶片含水量则在低浓度时增加，高浓度时降低；三倍体和四倍体的过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活性在镉浓度低时增加，在镉浓度高时降低，而二倍体中酶活性则呈下降趋势。这说明镉浓度低时3种倍体都有较好的耐受性，而在高浓度胁迫下三倍体含水量、叶绿素含量、CAT的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量比四倍体分别高5.47%、25.47%、8.59%、28.47%，比二倍体分别高23.47%、44.63%、17.23%、31.48%，说明大青杨三倍体在镉胁迫下细胞膜损伤最小，抗氧化能力最强，有较好的抗重金属镉的能力。本研究为在重金属污染地区进行育种工作提供了理论依据。

关键词: 大青杨多倍体, 镉胁迫, 生理指标

Abstract: The same year cutting seedlings of different ploidy of Populus ussuriensis Kom. were studied. They were treated with different concentrations of CdCl₂ solution, and the effects of different cadmium concentrations on the growth, physiology and biochemistry of three ploidy of P.ussuriensis were studied. The cadmium stress significantly inhibited the growth of the three ploidy seedlings. With the increase of cadmium concentration, the seedlings height and ground diameter decreased significantly compared with the control seedlings. The water content of diploid and tetraploid leaves showed a downward trend with the increase of cadmium concentration, while the water content of triploid leaves increased at low concentrations and decreased at high concentrations. The enzyme activities of catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in triploid and tetraploid increased when the cadmium concentration was low and decreased when the cadmium concentration was high, while the enzyme activity in the diploid showed a downward trend. These showed that the three types of ploidy had better tolerance when the concentration of cadmium was low. Under high cadmium concentration stress, the amounts of water content, chlorophyll content, CAT and MDA of the triploid were higher than these parameters of the tetraploid by 5.47%, 25.47%, 8.59% and 28.47%, respectively, and were higher than the diploid(CK) by 23.47%, 44.63%, 17.23% and 31.48%, respectively. All the above indicated that the triploid of P.ussuriensis had the least membrane damage and the strongest antioxidant capacity under cadmium stress, and had better resistance to heavy metal cadmium. This study could provide theoretical basis for breeding in heavy metal polluted areas.

Key words: Populus ussuriensis Kom. polyploid, cadmium stress, physiological indicators

中图分类号:

S792.113

宋子文, 刘焕臻, 马晓雨, 孙国语, 易嘉欣, 张春华, 尤远祥, 王德秋, 李开隆. 镉胁迫对大青杨不同倍体的生长及生理生化的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(5): 728-734.

SONG Zi-Wen, LIU Huan-Zhen, MA Xiao-Yu, SUN Guo-Yu, YI Jia-Xin, ZHANG Chun-Hua, YOU Yuan-Xiang, WANG De-Qiu, LI Kai-Long. Effects of Cadmium Stress on Growth,Physiology and Biochemistry of Different Ploidy of Populus ussuriensis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(5): 728-734.

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