Abstract: Jiangxi province located in the southeast of China, is an ancient regionin geological history. Since the Mesozoic Period, it has kept relatively stable and advant ageous physical conditions. Its flora didn't suffered dan-ger by the glacier during the Quaternary, therefore, the plant species are very rich, and a great number of relic, ancient and primitive elements have been conserved.#br#This paper studies the origin and development of the flora in geologi-cal periods, the flora may be origined chiefly from an ancient tropical flo-ra of the Mesozoic, and second from the Holarctic flora. There are about 2000 species of the wild woody Plants in the flora, belonging to 102 families and 430 genera. The geographical elements are chiefly composed of the distribution types of Tropical Asia, the Pantropic, Eastern Asia and the North Temperate one. Based on a careful statistics and analysis of various elements, some characters of present woody flora in Jiangxi can be sum-marized as follows:#br#(1) Geographical elements are very complex, which can be divided into 10 distribution types of families (Tab1e 1) and 15 distribution types of genera (Table 3). It is to related extensiyely with most parts of the world.#br#(2) The origin of the flora is ancient and the relic woody Plants are numerous, such as Ginkgo, Podocarpus, Abies, Pseudolarix, Liriodendron, Disanthus, etc. Most of them are monotypic genera of the ancient and relic.#br#(3) The tropic elements are possessed of dominant position, and endemism is relatively high. The tropic families and genera comprise the grea-test proportion of the flora, respectively 72.83%, 52.59%. There are many endemic elements in the flora, with 4 families and 30 genera endemic in China, and also with a gro umber of endemic species in China, thirty endemic species and more in Jiangxi only.#br#(4) Being the floristic convergent and transition from south to north in China, Jiangxi is the north border of the tropical genera, such as Reeve-sia, Anneslea, Musa, etc., and also is the south limit of the strict temperate genera, such as Betula, Fagus, Alnus, etc. The flora has some evident flora features of centre subtropical one in E. China. It is the most closely related to the adjacent flora of Zhejiang flora, and with richness of the common elements, which are many endemic elements to flora of E. China, such as Magnolia amoena, Stewartia gemmata, Sorbus amabilis, etc.#br#(5) The flora is abundant in the rare and imminent extinction plants, because a number of forest have been cut down. We must take effective measures to protect them.