四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群生命表及动态分析

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 台湾水青冈（Fagus hayatae）为水青冈属植物，仅分布于中国，且是国家Ⅱ级保护植物。了解台湾水青冈的种群的龄级结构及数量对于揭示种群动态和生活史特征有重要意义。本文通过对四川米仓山自然保护区老林沟北坡台湾水青冈种群样地进行调查，根据树木径级大小划分龄级，采用匀滑技术，编制其种群生命表，并进行生存分析和谱分析。结果表明：台湾水青冈种群幼苗、幼树和小树占总数的52%，中龄级个体占总数的46%，老树较少，种群年龄结构为稳定型，种群处于成熟阶段，种群更替无障碍。死亡率在第1龄级呈最大值，在第17龄级呈峰值。生存率下降趋势总体较平滑但中间出现2次大的降幅，累计死亡率则相反。谱分析结果显示，台湾水青冈种群更新过程存在着明显的周期性。振幅A_k最大的2个值分别位于基波A₁和谐波A₂处，显示了台湾水青冈个体生命周期的时间长度。台湾水青冈种群数量动态除受基波A₁和谐波A₂影响外，还表现出特别明显的小周期波动，如A₃和A₇。A₃处的波动与台湾水青冈的高生长有关，而A₇的波动与径向生长期的激烈竞争有关。我们的研究揭示了该地台湾水青冈种群数量动态变化趋势符合Deevey Ⅲ型，种群动态具有前期锐减、中期稳定和后期衰退的特点。

关键词: 生存分析, 种群数量动态, 台湾水青冈, 谱分析

Abstract: Fagus hayatae, a rare and endangered plant in China(category II), is distributed in China. Understanding the age structure and number of F.hayatae population is useful to reveal population dynamics and life-history traits. We investigated F.hayatae population distributes on the north slope of Laolin Valley in Micangshan Nature Reserve, and obtained a static life table on the basis of age class structure by using the smoothing out technique. Then, we analyzed the population quantitative dynamics of F.hayatae according to the results of survival and spectral analysis. The population was composed of 52% young individuals(including seedlings), 45.5% of mature individuals, and 2.5% of old individuals. Two peaks of higher mortality rate were in 1st and 17th age class periods of the lifespan. In addition to two big drops, the population survival rate decreased gradually from 1st to 24th age class. However, the opposite trend was found in cumulative mortality rate curve. By spectral analysis, the regeneration process of the population showed the marked periodic variations. The amplitude A_k had the largest values at fundamental wave A₁ and harmonic wave A₂ reflecting the lifespan of F.hayatae individuals. The quantitative fluctuation of population exhibited obvious small cycles, such as A₃ and A₇, which closely related with height growth and intense competitions during radial growth phase, respectively. Our results showed that the survival curve of F.hayatae population in Micangshan Nature Reserve was agree with Deevey type Ⅲ, and the population dynamics exhibited a trend that population size decreased sharply at young stage, kept stably at mature stage, and declined at old stage.

Key words: survival analysis, population quantitative dynamics, Fagus hayatae, spectral analysis

李金昕1；吴定军2；章世鹏2；何显湘2；陈坚2；史清茂2；胥晓1*. 四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群生命表及动态分析[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(1): 68-74.

LI Jin-Xin1；WU Ding-Jun2；ZHANG Shi-Peng2；HE Xian-Xiang2；CHEN Jian2；SHI Qing-Mao2；XU Xiao1*. Life Table and Dynamic Analysis of Fagus hayatae Population in Micangshan Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(1): 68-74.

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