Table of Content

15 September 1986, Volume 6 Issue 3

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FILICES NOVAE SINENSES GENERIS ARACHNIODES BI.

R. C. Ching

1986, 6(3):  1-78. 

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The present paper contains descriptions of 63 new species of the genus Arachniodes Bl. since the publication of my mono-graph (Sinensis 5:1-91. 1934) under the generic name Rumohra Raddi. Mary D. Tindale (Contr. New South Wales Nat.Herb. No. 2. 1961) reinstated the long-forgotten name Ara-chniodes Bl. and subsequently followed by Japanese bota-nists and the present writer. Up to date there are altogether 110 species of the genus Arachniodes Bl. known in China.This figure convincingly indicates that China is the world centre of development of the genus, which had previously been confounded with Polystichum and Dryopteris by various authors. In China the genus is mainly confined in distribution to the provinces south of the Yangtze River. eastwardly to Japan and southwestwardly to Indo-China and the Himalayas.

NOTULAE DE BORAGINACEIS SINENIBUS(Ⅱ)

Wang Wen-tsai

1986, 6(3):  79-98. 

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GRASSLAND RESOURCES AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF GRASSLAND FARMING IN TEMPERATE CHINA

Zhu Ting-cheng, Li Jian-dong, Zu Yuan-gang

1986, 6(3):  99-115. 

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In the first part of the paper the grassland resources in the semiarid area of China are described. Grasslands cover 2.80 million km² of the 9.6 million km² of the total territory and 100 million livestock are being raised there. Steppes and meadows are classified into several types according to the ecological types of the dominant species and environments, etc.Area, geographical distribution, community structure, species composition, dynamics, nutritive value of herbages, primary production and utilization of each grassland type are outlined. In the second part, the necessity to promote grassland far-ming and the possibility of its development are discussed based upon the land, population, food and agricultural structure.Strategies for the full exploitation of the grassland resources of China are proposed.

STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMET0PHYTES OF FERNS FORM NORTH-EASTERN CHINA Ⅲ.Osmundaceae.

Bao Wen-mei, Aur Chih--wen, Liu Bao-dong

1986, 6(3):  117-125. 

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The development of gametophytes of Osmunda cinnamomea L.var. asiatica Fernald was studied. The spore is tetrahedral(47.4×44.3μm.), trilete, and ellipsoidal in equatorial view,subspheroidal in polar view, with various short club shaped ornamentations. The pattern of spore germination is of centrifugal type (Momose 1942) or polar germination (Nayar 1971). In the cultures on the north windowsill late in spring and summer the majority of the spores germinate into a two-celled filament with a chloroplast-containing rhizoid. The wedge-shaped apical cell may appear in 4 days. These are similar to O. cinnamomea L. described by Stokey et al. (1956). However the spores germinate into quadrantal-shaped masses at 2000 Lux. and 20℃. The mode of development in this variety seems similar to that of O. regalis L. described by same authors.The prothallial development is of the Osmunda type (nayar 1971). The adult prothalli are naked and typically cordate, broad rounded-obovate, broad obovate or broad lanceolate, and length longer than width (often 2×1.5). When the sex organs appear, the midrib is about in 6-7 celled thick, obovate,ovate or elongate obovate. The antheridia appear in 6-8 weeks, and the archegonia 4 weeks later.The antheridia develop on the margin or ventral surface of the prothallus. They are of large primitive type with 7-8 celled wall. The operculum is discharged at dehis-cence. Each antheridium contains about 48-51 spermatozoids 28 flagellated. The archegonia develop along the side of the midrib. Only 6 archegonia arranged regularly in 3 couples on the both opposite sides of the midrib have been found. Its neck is 6 celled-high. tapers toward the tip and extends straight from the prothallus. In the present work, The germination of the spore in this variety shows different characteristics under different conditions, as mentioned above. They are either similar to O. cinna-momea L. under insufficient light or to O. Tegalis L. under full illumination. This implies that this variety may have rather broad adaptations to the varying environments.

STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF TAXODIACEAE

Xi Yi-zhen

1986, 6(3):  127-144. 

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There are 10 genera and 16 species of Taxodiaceae. The pollen grains of 10 species belonging to 7 genera in the family were examined with light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of representing species of 5 genera with transmission electron microscope. The pollen grains spheroidal or subspheroidal. Size (18.3-38.7)×(20.8-38.4)μ,with one distinct papilla in distal face,individual species indistinct or lacking. Exine rather thin, in general 1-2.5μ thick, layers obvious, sometimes obscure, corsely verrucate, and finely and densely granulate, tuberculate and rugulate. Thin section reveals that endexine is of lamellate structure and extexine is made of granulate layer connecting with each other and sparse larger verrucae of hollowed centre. Pollen grains of Sciadopitys verticillata are very special, and lacking of its papilla in distal face. Surface with rugulate ornamentation. This feature can be distinguished from pollen grains other genera in Taxodiaceae. According to information of pollen morphology, the author suggests that Sciadopitys ver-ticillata could be separated from Taxodiaceae and raise it to the level of family. Pollen grains of Sequoia are special, the thin sections reveal that exine contain tectum and granulate colume-llae. The pollen grains of this family are differentiated from those of Gymnosperms without sacci, with an obvious papilla in distal face.

NEW MATERIALS FOR CHINESE PLANTS

Chou Yi-liang

1986, 6(3):  145-146. 

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THE DISCOVERY OF CODAIANTHUS AND WALCHIA IN DZUNGARIA BASIN,XINJIANG

Hu Yu-fan

1986, 6(3):  147-153. 

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This paper deals with the fossil plants from Lower permian in Dzungaria Basin, Northern Xinjiang. These plants include two species of Cordaianthus, Cordaianthus volkmanii (Ett.) Zeiller and Cordaianthus cf. curtus Sze, They are represent strobilus of cordaites. This strobilus belongs certainly to the reproductive organ of Cordaites. The Genus Cordaianthus was first discovered by Grand' Eury in 1877. In this paper two species of Cordaianthus are all described.They were collected from Lower Jijicaozi Group. Ulumqi sou-theast in Xinjiang. One species of Conifers,?Walchia cf. bipinala Gu et Zhi,recorded in the present paper was discovered in Lower jijica-ozi Group. The former is an important index fossil in Lower permian of Euramerica and the first discovery in Xinjiang.

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY OF HYPOGYMNIA(LICHEN)FROM NORTH EASTERN CHINA

Luo Guang-yu

1986, 6(3):  155-170. 

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