Effects of Soil Moisture and Light Intensity on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pterospermum kingtungense Seedlings

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.03.020

Abstract

Abstract:

One-year-old seedlings of Pterospermum kingtungense were selected as materials， effects of soil moisture and light intensity on growth（aboveground biomass， underground biomass， leaf number and plant height） and photosynthetic characteristics（net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， stomatal conductance， intercellular carbon dioxide concentration， stomatal limiting value and instantaneous water use efficiency） of P. kingtungense seedlings were investigated respectively. Two-factor of controlled test was analyzed. Six soil moisture gradients（100%， 90%， 80%， 60%， 40% and 30% field capacity） and four light intensity gradients（100%， 75%， 50％ and 25％full light） were designed respectively. The results showed that： ①With the decrease of soil moisture， the growth index and photosynthetic characteristics of P. kingtungense seedlings first increased and then decreased， and generally reached the peak in W2（32.11%） or W3（28.54%） treatment. It performed worst under drought stress（W6）. ②With the decrease of light intensity， except stomatic limitations（L_s）， the four growth indexes and other five photosynthetic characteristics of P. kingtungense seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， and all of them performed best under the light intensity of L2（75% full light） or L3（50% full light）. ③The comprehensive evaluation scores of different soil moisture and different light intensity showed that the comprehensive evaluation score of W2 soil moisture or L2 light intensity was the highest respectively， which proved that the appropriate soil water environment and moderate shading were the most suitable for the growth and photosynthesis of P. kingtungense seedlings. ④The results of binary linear regression analysis demonstrated that soil moisture and light intensity had significant effects on the growth and photosynthesis of P. kingtungense seedlings， respectively. This study elucidates the mechanism of soil water and light on regeneration of P. kingtungense seedlings， and could provide a theoretical basis for seedling breeding and population recovery and reconstruction in the future to a certain extent.

Key words: Pterospermum kingtungense, soil moisture, light intensity, natural regeneration

CLC Number:

Q945.11

Shanshan ZHANG, Chunming YUAN. Effects of Soil Moisture and Light Intensity on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pterospermum kingtungense Seedlings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(3): 502-511.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of soil moisture and light intensity on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Pterospermum kingtungense seedlings

土壤水分 Soil moisture	光强 Light intensity	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass /g	地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass /g	叶片数 Leaf number	株高 Height /cm	P_n /（μmol·m²·s^-1）	T_r /（mmol·m²·s^-1）	G_s /（mol·m²·s^-1）	C_i /（μmol·m²）	L_s	W_UE /（mmol·mol^-1）
W1	L1	1.40±0.12Aab	0.76±0.07Ba	5.20±0.53Ab	18.08±2.12Aa	3.81±0.41ABb	0.04±0.00Bb	245.48±22.12Cbc	0.91±0.08Bb	0.42±0.03Aa	3.87±0.36Aa
	L2	1.58±0.12Ab	1.06±0.11Aab	5.50±0.51Aab	19.38±1.96Aab	4.93±0.48Ab	0.15±0.01Aa	272.00±26.37Bb	1.16±0.12ABb	0.35±0.04Aa	3.70±0.30A6a
	L3	1.73±0.16Aa	1.19±0.11Aab	4.33±0.52Bb	19.40±1.95Aab	4.65±0.47Aab	0.10±0.00Ab	304.79±26.46Aa	1.74±0.15Aa	0.39±0.02Aa	2.83±0.26Ba
	L4	0.64±0.05Bab	0.38±0.04Cab	2.80±0.29Cab	15.95±1.50Bb	3.79±0.38Bab	0.04±0.00Ba	257.50±23.65Ca	1.15±0.13Aa	0.29±0.04Aa	2.43±0.23Bbc
W2	L1	1.71±0.16Ba	0.80±0.07Ba	6.00±0.63Aa	20.10±2.09Aa	5.41±0.53Aa	0.14±0.01Ba	282.63±23.08Ba	1.58±0.15ABa	0.42±0.03Aa	3.27±0.33Bab
	L2	2.33±0.25Aa	1.31±0.12Aa	6.71±0.72Aa	22.98±2.32Aa	5.83±0.56Aa	0.36±0.04Aa	320.90±30.55Aa	2.16±0.21Aa	0.43±0.04Aa	3.60±0.32Ba
	L3	2.18±0.22Aa	1.42±0.14Aa	5.20±0.51Ba	20.76±2.11Aa	5.59±0.57Aa	0.05±0.00Cb	270.63±23.33BCb	1.41±0.12Bb	0.39±0.03Aa	4.95±0.49Aa
	L4	0.86±0.09Ca	0.47±0.05Ba	3.00±0.31Ca	18.50±1.83Ba	4.45±0.45Ba	0.06±0.01Ca	258.00±24.77Ca	1.35±0.16Aa	0.32±0.04Aa	2.83±0.29Cb
W3	L1	1.44±0.15ABab	0.78±0.06ABa	6.00±0.62Aa	19.47±1.83aA	4.47±0.46ABa	0.05±0.01Cb	259.42±23.56Bb	1.15±0.12Ba	0.46±0.04Aa	4.05±0.41Aa
	L2	2.31±0.24Aa	1.19±0.11Aa	5.80±0.60Aa	19.50±2.01Aab	5.35±0.52Aa	0.33±0.01Ba	310.14±30.13Aa	2.07±0.19Aa	0.34±0.03Aa	3.30±0.31Bb
	L3	1.83±0.19Aa	1.16±0.12Aab	5.00±0.49Ba	20.43±2.05Aa	4.96±0.49Aa	0.14±0.03Aa	268.43±24.74Bb	1.38±0.14Bb	0.38±0.04Aa	3.70±0.43Aa
	L4	0.75±0.06Ca	0.46±0.04Ba	2.83±0.29Ca	16.83±1.79Ba	4.17±0.42Ba	0.05±0.01Ca	258.00±24.88Ba	1.24±0.15Ba	0.41±0.03Aa	2.51±0.23Cb
W4	L1	1.02±0.12ABb	0.52±0.06ABb	5.20±0.54Ab	18.06±1.79Aa	3.50±0.36Bb	0.03±0.00Bb	243.60±23.67Bb	0.83±0.07Bb	0.39±0.03Aa	2.45±0.25ABb
	L2	1.37±0.14Ab	0.92±0.09Ab	5.33±0.49Ab	19.34±1.96Ab	4.93±0.44Ab	0.06±0.01Ab	261.50±26.67Ab	1.10±0.11ABb	0.33±0.02Aa	3.12±0.33Ab
	L3	1.33±0.12Ab	0.80±0.07Ab	4.33±0.44Bb	18.60±1.59Ab	3.69±0.37Bb	0.08±0.01Ab	285.58±28.35Ab	1.40±0.13Ab	0.24±0.02Aa	2.64±0.24Aa
	L4	0.54±0.04Bb	0.37±0.04Bab	2.67±0.27Cb	15.35±1.52Bbc	2.40±0.23Cb	0.03±0.00Bab	243.50±25.96Bab	1.02±0.11Bb	0.36±0.03Aa	2.07±0.21Bc
W5	L1	0.80±0.07ABb	0.41±0.04Bb	4.00±0.44Bc	15.68±1.62ABb	1.28±0.13Ca	0.02±0.00Bb	236.60±24.07Bc	0.72±0.06Ab	0.36±0.03Aa	1.69±0.17Bc
	L2	1.28±0.11Abc	0.53±0.05ABc	5.00±0.52Ab	16.90±1.71Ac	4.65±0.43Ab	0.06±0.01Ab	248.22±23.97ABc	1.04±0.11Ab	0.32±0.02Aa	3.46±0.36Aab
	L3	1.20±0.11Ab	0.74±0.06Ab	4.25±0.41Bb	18.28±1.93Ab	2.52±0.26Bb	0.04±0.00Ab	262.63±25.12Ab	0.75±0.07Ac	0.22±0.02Aa	3.86±0.33Aa
	L4	0.53±0.05Bb	0.36±0.03Bab	2.60±0.23Cb	15.10±1.50Bbc	1.23±0.13Cc	0.01±0.00Bb	231.39±22.28Bb	0.42±0.03Bc	0.31±0.03Aa	2.57±0.27Ba
W6	L1	0.75±0.06ABb	0.47±0.05ABb	3.25±0.35Ac	15.08±1.55Ab	0.59±0.55Cd	0.01±0.00Ac	232.43±23.16ABc	0.39±0.04Ac	0.36±0.04Aa	1.61±0.16Bc
	L2	0.96±0.08Ac	0.71±0.07Abc	3.50±0.41Ac	16.83±1.69Ac	2.12±0.22Ac	0.02±0.00Ac	231.00±22.34ABc	0.44±0.05Ac	0.29±0.0A2a	3.96±0.37Aa
	L3	0.76±0.06ABc	0.30±0.03ABc	3.20±0.33Ac	14.23±1.46Bc	0.92±0.09Bc	0.02±0.00Ab	247.46±23.86Ac	0.38±0.04Ad	0.21±0.02Aa	2.36±0.22Aa
	L4	0.51±0.05Bb	0.21±0.03Bb	1.75±0.16Bc	14.14±1.41Bc	0.55±0.05Cd	0.01±0.00Ab	226.72±23.18Bb	0.32±0.03Ac	0.30±0.03Aa	1.86±0.19Bd

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Established two dimensional regression analysis model based on soil moisture and light intensity

模型 Model		非标准化系数 Non standardized coefficient	标准误 Standard error	标准化系数 Standardized coefficient	模型显著性 Significance of model	方程 Equation	相关性（R Square） Correlation
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	常量 Constant	0.472	0.279	—	0.000	Y=0.472+0.568x₁+0.172x₂	0.776
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.011	0.003	0.568
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.003	0.003	0.172
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass	常量 Constant	0.019	0.131	—	0.000	Y=0.019+0.687x₁+0.396x₂	0.793
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.008	0.002	0.687
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.005	0.002	0.396
叶片数量 Leaf number	常量 Constant	2.381	0.686		0.000	Y=2.381+0.377x₁+0.397x₂	0.747
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.017	0.008	0.377
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.018	0.008	0.397
株高 Height	常量 Constant	13.156	0.866	—	0.000	Y=13.156+0.485x₁+0.619x₂	0.787
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.037	0.010	0.485
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.049	0.011	0.619
P_n	常量 Constant	0.809	0.690	—	0.000	Y=0.809+0.119x₁+0.739x₂	0.749
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.007	0.008	0.119
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.044	0.009	0.739
T_r	常量 Constant	0.014	0.049	—	0.000	Y=0.014+0.036x₁+0.496x₂	0.739
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.000	0.001	0.036
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.002	0.001	0.496
G_s	常量 Constant	218.926	11.901	—	0.000	Y=218.926+0.557x₁+0.331x₂	0.848
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.468	0.140	0.557
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.292	0.147	0.331
C_i	常量 Constant	0.447	0.280	—	0.000	Y=0.447+0.189x₁+0.483x₂	0.766
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.003	0.003	0.189
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.009	0.003	0.483
L_s	常量 Constant	5.465	4.678	—	0.000	Y=5.465+0.031x₁+0.262x₂	0.803
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.008	0.055	0.031
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.072	0.058	0.262
W_UE	常量 Constant	2.176	0.477	—	0.000	Y=2.176+0.180x₁+0.355x₂	0.722
	土壤水分的系数（x₁） Coefficient of soil moisture	0.005	0.006	0.180
	光强的系数（x₂） Coefficient of light intensity	0.010	0.006	0.355

Table 9

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成分 Component	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate /%						因子提取后的方差累积率 Cumulative variance rate after factor extraction /%
成分 Component	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6
1	54.293	51.813	46.663	43.636	35.976	40.705	54.293	51.813	46.663	43.636	35.976	40.705
2	30.104	35.408	46.035	28.539	35.28	33.622	84.397	87.221	92.698	72.176	71.256	74.327
3	15.603	12.779		27.824	28.744	25.673	100	100		100	100	100

指标 Index	主成分1 PC 1						主成分2 PC 2						主成分3 PC3
指标 Index	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	0.703	0.881	0.884	0.628	0.642	0.989	0.258	-0.428	-0.381	0.456	0.479	0.038	-0.663	-0.200		0.145	0.63	0.599
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass	0.783	0.984	0.864	0.576	-0.005	0.989	0.455	-0.170	-0.371	-0.146	-0.102	-0.121	-0.425	0.043		-0.086	0.804	0.995
叶片数 Leaf number	0.273	0.929	0.884	0.290	-0.004	0.775	0.944	-0.189	0.423	0.612	0.905	0.560	0.187	0.319		-0.291	0.736	0.426
株高 Height	0.790	0.964	0.797	0.109	-0.084	0.972	0.606	0.049	0.603	0.353	0.261	-0.232	-0.089	-0.260		-0.027	0.929	0.962
P_n	0.916	0.839	-0.070	0.134	0.999	-0.038	0.393	0.523	0.972	0.956	0.022	0.893	-0.078	0.153		0.448	0.262	-0.027
T_r	0.154	-0.015	0.109	0.922	0.970	0.591	0.328	0.247	0.953	0.065	-0.204	0.577	0.932	0.969		0.563	0.381	0.132
G_s	0.991	-0.034	-0.170	0.976	-0.374	0.394	0.050	0.983	0.873	0.179	0.928	-0.890	0.127	0.182		0.230	0.126	0.004
C_i	0.923	-0.480	-0.790	0.871	0.923	-0.196	-0.384	0.874	0.601	-0.415	-0.345	0.489	0.009	-0.082		0.850	0.263	-0.170
L_s	-0.963	0.036	0.245	-0.977	0.384	-0.023	-0.267	-0.967	-0.892	-0.154	-0.871	0	-0.050	-0.250		-1.000	-0.148	0.305
WUE	0	0.841	0.995	-0.081	0.316	0.153	0.998	-0.539	-0.085	0.99	0.788	0.904	0.064	-0.046		0.400	0.115	0.529

成分 Component	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate /%				因子提取后的方差累积率 Cumulative variance rate after factor extraction /%
成分 Component	L1	L2	L3	L4	L1	L2	L3	L4
1	35.82	52.27	61.46	64.55	35.82	52.27	61.46	64.55
2	35.10	35.43	27.12	24.21	70.92	87.70	88.58	88.75
3	26.63	—	—	—	97.55	—	—	—

指标 Index	主成分1 PC1				主成分2 PC2				主成分3 PC3
指标 Index	L1	L2	L3	L4	L1	L2	L3	L4	L1
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	-0.222	0.805	-0.222	0.858	-0.063	0.387	0.908	0.177	0.960
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass	-0.247	0.627	0.995	0.883	0.059	0.688	0.040	0.317	0.958
叶片数量 Leaf number	0.348	0.972	0.858	0.867	0.441	0.167	0.183	0.356	0.811
株高 Height	0.070	0.766	0.887	0.865	0.967	0.584	0.191	0.361	0.172
P_n	0.256	0.732	0.652	0.987	0.960	0.629	0.740	-0.041	0.074
T_r	0.767	0.463	0.904	0.939	0.602	0.796	-0.205	-0.049	0.075
G_s	0.807	0.292	0.945	-0.082	0.570	-0.870	0.288	-0.995	-0.143
C_i	0.710	0.414	0.707	0.819	0.680	0.851	0.636	0.204	0.062
L_s	-0.853	-0.854	-0.948	0.119	-0.479	-0.199	-0.257	0.988	0.124
WUE	-0.900	0.959	-0.219	0.945	0.267	-0.020	-0.820	-0.142	0.293

处理 Treatment	F1	F2	F3	I_FI	综合评价名次 Comprehensive evaluation
W1	257.55	61.16	54.97	145.13	2
W2	289.50	33.79	32.19	172.37	1
W3	-22.95	256.85	—	116.00	3
W4	24.71	269.92	45.66	114.21	4
W5	-90.85	244.52	21.22	59.68	5
W6	110.68	-207.16	-19.54	-29.61	6