Flora of Lycophytes and Ferns in Northeast China

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Northeast China is the richest area of lycophytes and ferns in northern China， and systematic study on its flora is the basis and premise of regional lycophyte and fern resource management. In this study， based on literature analysis and specimen review， the flora and characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Northeast China were explored. The results showed that： ①There were 141 taxa（species and intraspecific taxa）， which belonged to 48 genera of 19 families. ②The flora of lycophytes and fern in Northeast China was temperate， with ancient tropical origins and cold zone components， which indicated the complexity of its geographical composition. ③Predominant families and genera were obvious： the number of species in seven dominant families accounted for 63.83% of the total number of species， and six dominant genera for 46.10%. There were also many monotypic genera and oligotypic genera with two or three species， accounting for 83.33% of the total number of genera， but 47.52% of the total number of species. ④Northeast China was an important distribution area of Equisetaceae in China. ⑤A total of 30 Chinese endemic species of lycophytes and ferns were distributed in Northeast China， of which four species were endemic to Northeast China（Huperzia asiatica， Athyrium yokoscense var. kirismaense， Deparia pycnosora var. longidens and Parathelypteris changbaishanensis）. This study provided a necessary supplement to the study of flora in Northeast China， and had important theoretical and practical significance.

Key words: lycophytes and ferns, dominant families and genera, geographical composition, temperate, endemic

CLC Number:

S792.22

Yan LI, Wei CAO, Huan HE, Yue ZHANG, Daoyan SU, Wei CHEN. Flora of Lycophytes and Ferns in Northeast China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(3): 321-328.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

References 34

1	冯建孟，徐成东.植物区系过渡性及其生物地理意义［J］.生态学杂志，2009，28（1）：108-112.
	FENG J M， XU C D.Flora transitiona and its biogeographical significance［J］.Chinese Journal of Ecology，2009，28（1）：108-112.
2	刘经伦，李洪潮，朱丽娟，等.植物区系研究进展［J］.云南师范大学学报，2011，31（3）：3-7.
	LIU J L， LI H C， ZHU L J，et al.Research progress on flora［J］.Journal of Yunnan Normal University，2011，31（3）：3-7.
3	张宪春，卫然，刘红梅，等.中国现代石松类和蕨类的系统发育与分类系统［J］.植物学报，2013，48（2）：119-137.
	ZHANG X C， WEI R， LIU H M，et al.Phylogeny and classification of the extant lycophytes and ferns from China［J］.Chinese Bulletin of Botany，2013，48（2）：119-137.
4	臧得奎.中国蕨类植物区系的初步研究［J］.西北植物学报，1998，18（3）：459-465.
	ZANG D K.A preliminary study on the ferns flora in China［J］.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica，1998，18（3）：459-465.
5	吴征镒.论中国植物区系的分区问题［J］.云南植物研究，1979，1（1）：1-22.
	WU Z Y.The regionalization of Chinese flora［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，1979，1（1）：1-22.
6	傅沛云，曹伟，李冀云.中国东北部种子植物种的地理成分分析［J］.应用生态学报，1995，6（3）：243-250.
	FU P Y， CAO W， LI J Y.Analysis of geographical elements of seed plant species in northeast China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，1995，6（3）：243-250.
7	傅沛云，李冀云，曹伟，等.东北植物区系地区种子植物区系研究［J］.云南植物研究，1995，17（增刊Ⅶ）：11-21.
	FU P Y， LI J Y， CAO W，et al.Studies on the flora of the seed plants from the flora region of NE.China［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，1995，17（Supplement Ⅶ）：11-21.
8	曹伟，傅沛云，刘淑珍，等.东北平原植物区系亚地区种子植物区系研究［J］.云南植物研究，1995，17（增刊Ⅶ）：22-31.
	CAO W， FU P Y， LIU S Z，et al.Studies on the flora of the seed plants from the flora subregion of NE.China plain［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，1995，17（Supplement Ⅶ）：22-31.
9	曹伟，李冀云，傅沛云，等.大兴安岭植物区系与分布［M］.沈阳：东北大学出版社，2004.
	CAO W， LI J Y， FU P Y，et al.Floristics and distribution of plants in Da Hinggan Ling，China［M］.Shenyang：Northeastern University Press，2004.
10	曹伟，李冀云.小兴安岭植物区系与分布［M］.北京：科学出版社，2007.
	CAO W， LI J Y.Floristics and distribution of plants in Xiao Hinggan Ling，China［M］.Beijing：Science Press，2007.
11	傅沛云，李冀云，曹伟，等.长白山种子植物区系研究［J］.植物研究，1995，15（4）：491-500.
	FU P Y， LI J Y， CAO W，et al.Studies on the flora of seed plants from Changbai Mountain［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，1995，15（4）：491-500.
12	钱宏.中国及其东北植物区系新资料［J］.植物研究，1990,10（1）:77-79.
	QIAN H.Contribution to the flora of China and Northeast China［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，1990，10（1）：77-79.
13	曹伟，李冀云.长白山植物自然分布［M］.沈阳：东北大学出版社，2003.
	CAO W， LI J Y.Natural distribution for plant of Changbai Mountain in China［M］.Shenyang：Northeastern University Press，2003.
14	曹伟，李媛媛.中国长白山植物区系的垂直分布格局［J］.北京林业大学学报，2008，30（4）：53-58.
	CAO W， LI Y Y.Vertical pattern of flora from Changbai Mountain，China［J］.Journal of Beijing Forestry University，2008，30（4）：53-58.
15	WANG J Z， LI S X.The features and regionalization of the pteridophyte flora in N.E.China［J］.Journal of Beijing Forestry University（English Edition），1995，4（1）：43-52.
16	傅沛云.东北植物检索表［M］.2版.北京：科学出版社，1995.
	FU P Y.Clavis plantarum chinae boreali-orientalis［M］.2^nd ed.Beijing：Science Press，1995.
17	中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志［M］.北京：科学出版社，1959-2004.
	Delectis Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Agenda Academiae Sinicae Edita.Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae［M］.Beijing：Science Press，1959-2004.
18	WU Z Y， RAVEN P H， HONG D Y，et al.Flora of China.Vol.2-3（Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae）［M］.Beijing：Science Press，2013.
19	PPGⅠ.A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns［J］.Journal of Systematics and Evolution，2016，54（6）：563-603.
20	吴征镒，周浙昆，李德铢，等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统［J］.云南植物研究，2003，25（3）：245-257.
	WU Z Y， ZHOU Z K， LI D Z，et al.The areal-types of the world families of seed plants［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，2003，25（3）：245-257.
21	吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型［J］.云南植物研究，1991，13（S4）：1-139.
	WU Z Y.The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，1991，13（S4）：1-139.
22	傅沛云.中国东北部种子植物种的分布区类型［M］.沈阳：东北大学出版社，2003.
	FU P Y.The areal-types of seed plants in northeast China［M］.Shenyang：Northeastern University Press，2003.
23	周喜乐，张宪春，孙久琼，等.中国石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布［J］.生物多样性，2016，24（1）：102-107.
	ZHOU X L， ZHANG X C， SUN J Q，et al.Diversity and distribution of lycophytes and ferns in China［J］.Biodiversity Science，2016，24（1）：102-107.
24	蒋仁菲，徐成东，冯建孟.滇西北地区蕨类植物物种多样性和区系组成［J］.生态科学，2015，34（5）：71-76.
	JIANG R F， XU C D， FENG J M.Species diversity and floristic composition of pteridophyte in Northwest Yunnan［J］.Ecological Science，2015，34（5）：71-76.
25	马丽娟，余东，徐成东，等.云南蕨类植物多样性分布格局及区系分化［J］.西部林业科学，2015，44（4）：12-17.
	MA L J， YU D， XU C D，et al.Spatial patterns of Pteridophytes diversity and its differentiation in Yunnan Province［J］.Journal of West China Forestry Science，2015，44（4）：12-17.
26	王士泉，贾泽峰，李法曾.山东崂山植物区系研究［J］.武汉植物学研究，2001，19（6）：467-474.
	WANG S Q， JIA Z F， LI F Z.Studies on flora of Laoshan Mountain in Shandong Province［J］.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research，2001，19（6）：467-474.
27	陆树刚.蕨类植物学［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，2007.
	LU S G.Pteridology［M］.Beijing：Higher Education Press，2007.
28	PRYER K M， SCHNEIDER H， SMITH A R，et al.Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants［J］.Nature，2001，409（6820）：618-622.
29	WIKSTRÖM N， KENRICK P.Evolution of Lycopodiaceae（Lycopsida）：Estimating divergence times from rbcL gene sequences by use of nonparametric rate smoothing［J］.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution，2001，19（2）：177-186.
30	JI S G， HUO K K， WANG J，et al.A molecular phylogenetic study of Huperziaceae based on chloroplast rbcL and psbA-trnH sequences［J］.Journal of Systematics and Evolution，2008，46（2）：213-219.
31	CHEN D K， HE H， ZHANG L B.Request for a binding decision on whether Huperzia rubricaulis（Alderw.） Holub and H.rubicaulis S.K.Wu & X.Cheng （Lycopodiopsida：Huperziaceae） are sufficiently alike to be confused［J］.Taxon，2016，65（5）：1184-1185.
32	FIELD A R， TESTO W， BOSTOCK P D，et al.Molecular phylogenetics and the morphology of the Lycopodiaceae subfamily Huperzioideae supports three genera：Huperzia，Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum ［J］.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution，2016，94：635-657.
33	CHEN D K， ZHOU X M， HE H，et al. Spinulum lioui，a new species referred as to Lycopodium neopungens（Lycopodiopsida：Lycopodiaceae） in China［J］.Phytotaxa，2017，307（2）：161-163.
34	SHRESTHA N， ZHANG X C.On the presence of North American clubmoss Huperzia lucidula（Lycopodiaceae） in China：an intercontinental disjunction or misidentification［J］.Phytotaxa，2015，219（3）：243-252.

科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species
鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae	4	19	金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae	4	6
蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae	3	16	冷蕨科Cystopteridaceae	2	4
石松科Lycopodiaceae	5	13	球子蕨科Onocleaceae	3	4
木贼科Equisetaceae	1	11	碗蕨科Dennstaedtiaceae	2	3
岩蕨科Woodsiaceae	1	11	紫萁科Osmundaceae	3	3
铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae	1	10	槐叶蘋科Salviniaceae	2	3
瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae	4	10	骨碎补科Davalliaceae	1	1
凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae	4	9	膜蕨科Hymenophyllaceae	1	1
卷柏科Selaginellaceae	1	9	蘋科Marsileaceae	1	1
水龙骨科Polypodiaceae	5	7

属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species
鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris	14	满江红属Azolla	2	笔直石松属Dendrolycopodium	1
木贼属Equisetum	11	假阴地蕨属Botrypus	2	瓦韦属Lepisorus	1
岩蕨属Woodsia	11	凤了蕨属Coniogramme	2	蘋属Marsilea	1
铁角蕨属Asplenium	10	冷蕨属Cystopteris	2	球子蕨属Onoclea	1
蹄盖蕨属Athyrium	10	碗蕨属Dennstaedtia	2	假鳞毛蕨属Oreopteris	1
卷柏属Selaginella	9	扁枝石松属Diphasiastrum	2	紫萁属Osmunda	1
石杉属Huperzia	5	双盖蕨属Diplazium	2	桂皮紫萁属Osmundastrum	1
对囊蕨属Deparia	4	羽节蕨属Gymnocarpium	2	金毛裸蕨属Paragymnopteris	1
铁线蕨属Adiantum	3	荚果蕨属Matteuccia	2	东方荚果蕨属Pentarhizidium	1
粉背蕨属Aleuritopteris	3	瓶尔小草属Ophioglossum	2	卵果蕨属Phegopteris	1
小阴地蕨属Botrychium	3	单穗石松属Spinulum	2	睫毛蕨属Pleurosoriopsis	1
石松属Lycopodium	3	复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes	1	多足蕨属Polypodium	1
金星蕨属Parathelypteris	3	绒紫萁属Claytosmunda	1	蕨属Pteridium	1
耳蕨属Polystichum	3	假脉蕨属Crepidomanes	1	槐叶蘋属Salvinia	1
石韦属Pyrrosia	3	贯众属Cyrtomium	1	修蕨属Selliguea	1
阴地蕨属Sceptridium	3	骨碎补属Davallia	1	沼泽蕨属Thelypteris	1

分布类型 Areal type	科Family		属Genus		种Species
分布类型 Areal type	数量 Number	占比 Percentage /%	数量 Number	占比 Percentage /%	数量 Number	占比 Percentage /%
1.世界分布Cosmopolitan	11	—	17	—	4	—
2.泛热带分布Pantropic	3	37.50	6	19.35	—	—
3.旧世界热带分布Old World Trop.	—	—	3	9.68	—	—
4.热带亚洲至热带非洲分布Trop. Asia—Trop. Africa	—	—	2	6.45	—	—
5.热带亚洲分布Trop. Asia	1	12.50	—	—	—	—
6.北温带—北极分布N. Temp.—Arctic	—	—	—	—	10	7.30
7.北温带分布North Temp.	2	25.00	12	38.71	19	13.87
8.亚洲—北美洲分布Asia—N. Amer.	—	—	—	—	4	2.97
8-1.东亚和北美洲间断分布E. Asia—N. Amer.	—	—	4	12.90	10	7.30
9.旧世界温带分布Old World Temp.	2	25.00	1	3.23	6	4.38
10.温带亚洲—热带亚洲分布Temp. Asia—Trop. Asia	—	—	—	—	20	14.60
11.温带亚洲分布Temp. Asia	—	—	1	3.23	27	19.71
12.东亚分布E. Asia	—	—	2	6.45	—	—
12-1.中国—日本分布Sino—Japan	—	—	—	—	13	9.49
13.中国东北地区—俄罗斯远东区分布N.E. China—Far E. Russia	—	—	—	—	13	9.49
14.中国特有分布Endemic to China	—	—	—	—	11	8.03
15.东北特有分布Endemic to N. E. China	—	—	—	—	4	2.92
合计 Total	19	100.00	48	100.00	141	100.00

科名 Family	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species
蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae	蹄盖蕨属Athyrium	4
	对囊蕨属Deparia	2
	双盖蕨属Diplazium	1
鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae	复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes	1
鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae	鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris	5
卷柏科Selaginellaceae	卷柏属Equisetum	4
凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae	铁线蕨属Adiantum	1
	粉背蕨属Aleuritopteris	1
	金毛裸蕨属Paragymnopteris	1
石松科Lycopodiaceae	笔直石松属Dendrolycopodium	1
石松科Lycopodiaceae	石杉属Huperzia	1
水龙骨科Polypodiaceae	石韦属Pyrrosia	2
铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae	铁角蕨属Asplenium	1
碗蕨科Dennstaedtiaceae	碗蕨属Dennstaedtia	1
球子蕨科Onocleaceae	荚果蕨属Matteuccia	1
瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae	假阴地蕨属Botrypus	1
金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae	金星蕨属Parathelypteirs	1
岩蕨科Woodsiaceae	岩蕨属Woodsia	1
总计Total		30

[1]	Xiaojie CAO, Wei CAO, Yue ZHANG, Jia GUO, Yan GAO. Plant Endemism in Northeast China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(5): 753-761.
[2]	GAO Xu-Zheng, KANG Yong-Xiang, ZHANG Li-Li, KANG Yue-Cheng, GUO Ming. Geographical Characteristics of Orchidaceae Plants in Qinling Mountains [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(1): 18-28.
[3]	LI Yuan-Yuan, WANG Zheng-Wen, SUN Tao. Response of Fine Root Decomposition to Long-term Nitrogen Addition in the Temperate Forest [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(6): 848-854.
[4]	ZHANG De-Xing;HU Ling-Zhi;XIAO Wen-Ting;NI Xiao-Lu;HU Jiang-Qin*. Morphological and Anatomical Study on Female Sterility in Camptotheca acuminata Decne. [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2013, 33(5): 546-552.
[5]	ZHANG Guang-Fu;LONG Shuang-Wei;JIANG Li. Study on the Chinese endemic genera of seed plants distributed in Jiangsu Province [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2006, 26(6): 728-734.
[6]	DANG Rong-li, PAN Xiao-lin . THE CHINESE ENDEMIC PLANT ANALYSIS IN WEST-NORTH DESERT OF CHINA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2001, 21(4): 519-526.
[7]	WANG Guo-hong, ZHOU Guang-sheng . CORRELATION ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANT LIFE FORM, FRUIT TYPE AND HYDROTHERMIC FACTORS IN GANSU WOODY PLANT FLORA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2001, 21(3): 448-455.
[8]	ZENG Xian-feng. A FLORISTIC ANALYSIS ON SEED PLANTS OF NON-ENDEMIC TO CHINA SPECIES FROM QINHUANGDAO(E.HEBEI) [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2000, 20(3): 282-285.
[9]	Zhu Hua. NOTES ON THE ORIGIN OF TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS BROAD-LEAVED FOREST OF EAST ASIA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1997, 17(4): 389-396.
[10]	Liu Peng, Chen Li-ren, Zhang Chun-da. STUDY ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL COMPOSITION OF THE FLORA OF FOREST VEGETATION OF WUYI IN ZHEJIANG [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1997, 17(2): 146-152.
[11]	Zuo Jia-fu, Ma Rui-ping, Tian Wei-zheng. THE MATHEMATICAL STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENDEMIC GENERA OF THE Bambusoideae IN CHINA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1995, 15(4): 516-522.
[12]	Nang De-kui, fan Jin-hui, Zhao Lan-yong, Fan Bao-min. STUDY ON THE ENDEMIC PLANTS FROM SHANDONG PROVINCE [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1994, 14(1): 48-58.