Abstract: Most of the Chinese species of Genus Trichosanthes are used as crude drugs. It is found that the pollen morphology of this genus is useful for the identification of the original plants. In this article, pollen morphology of 31 species of Trichosanthes has been treated in a systematic study. All the species are widely distributed in China except T. multiloba Miq. whichoccurs only in Japan. All of them have been examined under the light microscope and scanning electric microscope and the relationships of pollens of different sections in this genus has been verified. Besides this, the pollen morphology of Trichosanthes has been compared with that of Hodgsonia which also belongs to Trichosantheae. Finally, pollen morphology of the 3 kinds of adulterant or substitutes of drug Tien-hua-fen which are of the same Cucurbitaceae family have been compared with that of the genuine ones. Thus, the study of pollen morphology supplies an important basis for the identification of the plants.