Abstract: There is no specific conclusion about systematic status of Larix olgensis and species relationship with Larix gmelinii. Experiment materials were taken from six sites including Daxingan Mountain, Xiaoxingan Mountain and Zhangguangcai Mountain. CpDNA rbcL gene of materials is analysized by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequence methods. The results suggest their rbcL gene sequences are the same and plants of Larix in Northeast China have same origin. Larix olgensis evolved from Larix gmelinii in systematic evolution, so it is suitable to regard Larix olgensis as a variety of Larix gmelinii and the name should be Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)Rupr. var. olgensis (Henry)Ostenfeld et S. Larsen.

Key words: Larix, Larix gemlinii var. olgensis, rbcL gene, RFLP, systemic evolution