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Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991 Vol.11
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THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE MEDICINAL ARTEMISIA IN EARLY CHINESE PHARMACOPOEIAS
Ling Yeou-ruenn
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 1-24.
Abstract
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685
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In Early Chinese Phatmacopoeias o' Herbals many medicinal Artemisia, which named "Ai" or "Hao" in Chinese, had been introduced. But they hadn't scientific nomenclatures, in which so much were confused. According to the examinations, "Bai-Hao" (white Artemisia, terrestrial) (Tab. 1:3.5:1), "Ai" (Tab. 6:3, 4), "Bai-Ai" (Tab. 2:1), "Ai-Hao", "Ye-Ai-Hao" (wild Artemisia) (Tab. 5:3, 4) from "
Shen Nong Bencao Jing
" (Shen Nong's Canon of Materia Medica, about 100-180 A. D., SNCMM), Su Jing, "Tang Xin Xiu Bencao" (The Official Pharmacopoeia in Tang Dynasty, 659 A. D., TOP), Tang Shen-wei, "Zheng Lei Bencao" (revised) (Classified Materia Medica, revised 1249 A. D., CLMM), even in Li Shi-zhen, "Bencao Gan Mu" (Compendium of Materia Medica, 1596 A. D., CMM) and Wu Qi-jun, "Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tucao" (Illustrated Handbook of Plants, 1848, IHP) are the compound names of the species of Artemisia L., which included
A. Argyi
Lèvl. & Van. and its allies——
A. lavandulaefolia
DC.,
A. verlolorum
Lamotte,
A. mongolica
(Fisch. ex Bess.) Nakai,
A. leucophylla
Turcz. ex Bess.,
A. igniaria
Maxim.,
A. verbenacea
(Komar.) Kitag.,
A. indica
Willd. and
A. princeps
Pamp. etc. All of them have the similar characters, such as leaves 1-2-pinnately parted or divided, with white arachnoid hairs at abaxial surface and with similar properties and functi-ons for the drugs. Besides, they distribute mainly in the central and lower valleys of the Huang and Yangtze Rivers. But "Bai-Hao" named in Ai Cheng, "Da Guang Bencao" (Pharmacopoeia in Da Guang of Song Dynasty, 1108 A. D., PDG) should be
A. sacrorum
Ledeb., and that named in Zhu Su, "Jiu Huang Bencao" (Herbals for foods, 1588 A. D., HF) should be
A. scoparia
Waldst. & Kit. (Tab.5:2) Besides, "Ai-Ye", "Jia-Ai" (family Artemisia), "Qi-Ai" in above herbals are the same, which was named
A. argyi
Lévl. & Van. cv.
qiai
. Most of "Bai-Hao" (white Artemisia, watery), "Shui-Hao" (watery Artemisia), "Liu-Ye-Hao", (Tab. 6:2), "Lou-Hao" (Tab.6:1) and "Lu-hao", are
A. selengensis
Turcz. ex Bess. and its variety-var.
shansiensis
Y. R. Ling, in which it's serrulateless along leaf-margine."Liu-Wei-Hao" in CMM and in IHP are both two species of
Artemisia
L.——
A. dubia
Wall. ex Bess. (Tab. 7:1) and
A. lancea
Van. (Tab. 7:2)."Cao-Hao", "Qing-Hao", (Tab. 2:4, 7:4), except a part of the species with yellowish and greenish florets, "Huang-Hua-Hao" (Tab. 1:1, 7:3), "Xiang-Hao" (fragrant Artemisia), "Chou-Hao" (stink Artemisia), "Xun-Hao", all are
Artemisia annua
L. Only a part of "Qing-Hao", with yellowish or greenish florets, perhaps is
A. carvifolia
Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (——
A. apiacea
Hance), which is different from the medicinal "Qing-Hao"——
A. annua
L. But the species of "Qing-Hao" and "
Huang
-
Hua
-
Hao
" in CMM and IHP (Tab. 1:1, 2:4, 7:3, 4) are the same,
A. annua
L., in which, as fact. sa-called "Qing-Hao" (Tab. 2:4, 7:4) were confuced by
A. annua
L. with the insect-galls on the leaves, branches and stem, to
A. carvifolia
Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., which is so-called "Qing-Hao" in HF and in Bao Shan's "Ye Cai Bo Lu" (Herbals for vegetables, 1622 A. D., HV) (Tab.8:2) are different from the species in CMM and IHP (Tab. 3:3, 8:1).It's
A. carvifolia
Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. in HF and HV, and it's perhaps
Cnidium monnieri
(L.) Cusson with umbel inflorescences in CMM and IHP. "Yin-Chen-Hao", incl. "Xi-Yin-Chen" (from the west), "Bei-Yin-Chen"(from the north), "Shan-Yin-Chen" (from the wild), "Shi-Yin-Chen"(from the stony areas), "
Mian
-
Yin
-
Chen
" (tomentose), "Gia-Yin-Chen" (from family), "Peng-Hao", "Ye-Ton-Hao" (Tab. 9:1, 2), "Zi-Xiang-Hao" (Tab.8:4), most of them are
A. capillaris
Thunb. and
A. scoparia
Waldst. et Kit. Both are the well-known drugs in common use, curing the hepatitis and cholecystitis. But the species of a part of "Yin-Chen" (Tab. 2:2, 8:3), which were in CMM and IHP, and in Han Bao-sheng, "Shu Bencao"(Herbals in Sichuan, 934 A. D.) are
A. sacrorum
Ledeb. and in CLMM so-called "Jiangninfu Yin-Chen" (Tab. 4:4) is Mentha haplocalyx Briq. "Mu-Hao" (Tab. 4:2, 9:3), "Qi-Tou-Hao", "Shui-La-Cai" in TOP, CMM, IHP and other herbals are all
Artemisia japonica
Thunb. "An-Lü", "An-Lü-Hao" have been considered
A. keiskeana
Miq. But in CMM and IHP, "An-Lü" (Tab. 3:2, 9:4) should be
A. indica
Willd. "Liu-Ji-Nu", "Jin-Ji-Nu" in TOP should
A. anomala
S. Moore. But the original species in CMM and a part of the species in IHP (Tab. 3:4, 10:1) should be
Eupatorium japonicum
Thunb. or
E. Chinese
L. and another species, in IHP (Tab. 10:5) should be
Artemisia lactiflora
Wall, ex DC.
Besides, there are some so-called "Ai" or "Hao", which do not belong to
Artemisia
L., but other genera of
Compositae
or other families in the herbals, for examples, "Qiang-Nian-Ai"(Tab. 2:3, 10:3)——
Crossostephium Chinese
(Linn.) Makino ex Cham. & Schlecht.; "Ton-Hao" (Tab. 3:1, 10:4)——
Chrysanthemum coronarium
L. var.
spatiosum
Bailey; "Tie-Gan-Hao" (Tab. 11:1)——
Kalimeris integrifolia
Turcz.; "Lin-Hao", "E-Hao" and "Luo-Hao"(Tab. 1:4, 11:2)——
Descurainia Sophia
(L.) Webb; "Ma-Xian- Hao", "Jiao-Hao"(Tab. 1:2, 4:1)——
Incarvillea sinensis
Lam.
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NOTUIAE DE ROSACEIS HEBEIENSIBUS
Huang Jin-xiang, Sun Li-Yuan, Feng Tian-jie
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 25-27.
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476
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A NEW SPECIES OF OROSTACHYS FROM ANHUI
Liu Xiao-long, Guo Xin-hu
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 29-31.
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486
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TWO NEW SPECIES OF ALLIUM FROM SICHUAN
Zhu Zheng-yin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 33-35.
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475
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A NEW SPECIES OF SPARGANIUM
Yu Dan, Yang Guo-ting
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 37-39.
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483
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TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CARDAMINE FROM ANHUI
Zhang Ding-cheng
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 41-43.
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495
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A REVISION OF THE ANDROGRAPHIS(ACANTHACEAE) OF CHINA
Chu Hua
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 45-48.
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634
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The present paper makes a revision of the genus
Andrographis
of China The name
Andrographis sinensis
Lo is a synonym of the new combination
Gymnostachyum sinense
(Lo) H. Chu and the names
Haplanthoides yunnanensis
H. W. Li and
Andrographis monglunensis
Chang et H. Chu are synonyms of the new combination
Andrographis laxiflora
(B1.) Lindau var.
glomeruliflora
(Bremek.) H. Chu. A mis-identified species in C. Y. Wu, Index Flora of Yunnan is also revised.
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BLEPHARIS JUSS. (ACANTHACEAE), A NEW RECORD GENUS FROM CHINA
Xing Fu-wu, Li Ze-xian
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 49-51.
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568
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Blepharis
Juss. (
Acanthaceae
) is reported for the first time in China. The detailed description and distribution of the genus and species (
B. maderaspatensis
(Linn.) Roth.) are presented.
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NEW PLANTS OF RUBUS L. AND ROSA L
Yu Zhi-xiong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 53-54.
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597
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A NEW FORM OF PAPAVER PAVONINUM SCHRENK
Ge Xue-Jun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 55-55.
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655
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A NEW FORM OF CRATAEGUS CUNEATA SIEB. ET ZUCC
Qian Shi-xin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 57-57.
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495
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FOUR NEW FORMS OF POPULUS TOMENTOSA CARR
Cha Tien-bung, Chen Zhi-xiu, Liu Jian-wei, Sung Liu-gao, Zhao Cui-hua
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 59-64.
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498
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A NEW RECORD GENUS OF STYRACACEAE IN CHINA——BRUINSMIA BOERL.ET KOORD
Fan Guo-Sheng
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 66-67.
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512
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NOTES ON THE CHINESE VIOLACEAE (Ⅱ)——CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME VIOLETS OF CHINA
Sun Kun, Wang Ching-jui
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 69-72.
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484
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The present paper reports the mitotic chromosome numbers of 9 species of the genus Viola in China, of which 5 species are new records. The res-ults are as follows:
V. biflora L.
2n=12;
V. kunawarensis
Royle 2n=20;
V. prionantha
Bunge 2n=48;
V. tenuicornis
W. Bckr. 2n=24;
V. monbeigii
W.Bckr. 2n=24;
V. inconspicua
B1. 2n=24;
V. bulbosa Maxim
. 2n=24;
V. dissecta
Ledeb. 2n=24;
V. chaerophylloides
(Regel) W. Bckr. 2n=24.#br#The chromosome numbers of these species correlate with the shapes of their stigma. The chromosome numbers of several species in
Sect. Adnatae
are 2n=24, only
V. prionantha
Bunge is 2n=48.
V. kunawarcnsis
Roylc which was located in
Sect. Adnalae
in the Past time has a convex style without margin. Its chromosome number 2n=20 is not identical with
Sect. Adnalae
Juz., too. The authors think that this species should belong to
Soct. Tri-gonocarpae
Godr. rather than
Sect. Adnatae
J.
Sect. Pinnala
(W. Bckr.) C. J. Wang has the same numbers as
Sect. Adnatae
.
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STUDIES ON THE SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF LUNATHYRIUM KOIDZ. IN SHANDONG
Li Jian-xiu, Wang Yan-ying, Zhou Feng-qin, Li Jing
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 73-77.
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466
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This paper reports the morphological characters of the spores of three species of
Lunathyrium
Koidz. (
L. pycnosorum
(Christ)) Koidz.;
L. acrostichoides
(Sw.) Ching;
L. shandongense
J. X. Li et F. Z. Li) distri-buted in Shandong province. The spores were observed by light micros-cope and scanning electron microscope. The spore morphology, especially the characters of the ornamentation, of the genus varies remarkably with species. Thus a palynological evidence for the taxonomy of the genus may be provided.
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STUDIES ON THE SECONDARY VASCULAR TISSUE IN THE STEM OF ACTINIDIA ARGUTA (SIEB. ET ZUCC.) PLANCH EX MIQUEL
Wang Li-jun, Zhang You-min, Zhong Yan, Gu An-gen
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 79-83.
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630
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The secondary vascular tissue in the stem of
Actinidia arguta
is made an exhaustive study by the author. The results are as follows: its wood is belongs to seri-ring porous wood, the bottom wall of vessel in the se-coridary xylem is sloping with scalariform perforation plates, wood parenchyma is numerous, it has not only apotracheal but also paratracheal, this discoveries and to the parenchyma type of
Actinidiaceae
; the wood rays are hetergeneous Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and it has linked rays. The sieve tube of the secondary phloem is the dicotyledon wood type, the sieve tube is with compound sieve plate without companion cell. As observing the secondary vascular tissue in the stem of
A. arguta
it is compared with the others in the genus
Actinidia
and determined, the type of the wood rays and wood parenchyma, it is the first to observe its secondary phloem that is dicotyledon wood type. This prvide the secondary vascular tissue of the
Actinidiaceae
with a new kind of anatomical material.
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STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF HEMEROCALLIS IN NORTHWEST CHINA
Kong Hong, Wang Ching-jui
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 85-90.
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535
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Pollen grains of 6 species and 1 variety of
Hemerocallis
were examined by LM and SEM. Pollen morphology is more or less different for each species. It shows interspecific pollen morphology of
Hemerocallis
in Nor-thwest is significant for classification. By making a study of them, 6 species and 1 variety can be divided naturally into two groups. The first group consists of
Hemerecallis minor
Mill.,
H. esculenta
Koidz. and
H. ci-trina
Baroni. The second one includes
H. plicala
Stapf,
H. fulva
(L.) L.,
H. fulva
var.
kwanso
Regel and
H. lilio-asphodelus
L. emend. Hyland.#br#There is the difference for pollen morphology of
H. minor
and
H. lilio-asphodelus
. Evidence shows it is improper that
H. minor
was designated as a variety of
H. lilio-asphodelus
.
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STUDIES ON THE WOODY FLORISTIC COMPONENTS AND CHARACTERS OF JIANGXI
Xie Guo-wen
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 91-99.
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470
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Jiangxi province located in the southeast of China, is an ancient regionin geological history. Since the Mesozoic Period, it has kept relatively stable and advant ageous physical conditions. Its flora didn't suffered dan-ger by the glacier during the Quaternary, therefore, the plant species are very rich, and a great number of relic, ancient and primitive elements have been conserved.#br#This paper studies the origin and development of the flora in geologi-cal periods, the flora may be origined chiefly from an ancient tropical flo-ra of the Mesozoic, and second from the Holarctic flora. There are about 2000 species of the wild woody Plants in the flora, belonging to 102 families and 430 genera. The geographical elements are chiefly composed of the distribution types of Tropical Asia, the Pantropic, Eastern Asia and the North Temperate one. Based on a careful statistics and analysis of various elements, some characters of present woody flora in Jiangxi can be sum-marized as follows:#br#(1) Geographical elements are very complex, which can be divided into 10 distribution types of families (Tab1e 1) and 15 distribution types of genera (Table 3). It is to related extensiyely with most parts of the world.#br#(2) The origin of the flora is ancient and the relic woody Plants are numerous, such as
Ginkgo
,
Podocarpus
,
Abies
,
Pseudolarix
,
Liriodendron
,
Disanthus
, etc. Most of them are monotypic genera of the ancient and relic.#br#(3) The tropic elements are possessed of dominant position, and endemism is relatively high. The tropic families and genera comprise the grea-test proportion of the flora, respectively 72.83%, 52.59%. There are many endemic elements in the flora, with 4 families and 30 genera endemic in China, and also with a gro umber of endemic species in China, thirty endemic species and more in Jiangxi only.#br#(4) Being the floristic convergent and transition from south to north in China, Jiangxi is the north border of the tropical genera, such as
Reeve-sia
,
Anneslea
,
Musa
, etc., and also is the south limit of the strict temperate genera, such as
Betula
,
Fagus
,
Alnus
, etc. The flora has some evident flora features of centre subtropical one in E. China. It is the most closely related to the adjacent flora of Zhejiang flora, and with richness of the common elements, which are many endemic elements to flora of E. China, such as
Magnolia amoena
,
Stewartia gemmata
,
Sorbus amabilis
, etc.#br#(5) The flora is abundant in the rare and imminent extinction plants, because a number of forest have been cut down. We must take effective measures to protect them.
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SYSTEMATIC NOTES AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS SALSOLA L
Liu Jian-guo
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 101-107.
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514
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The paper is a report on the revised system of the genus
Salsola
L. by V. Botschantzev and certain problems of the origin, differentiation and distributions of the genus
Salsola
.#br#The genus
Salsola
L. comprising 27 species in northwestern deserts of Chiaa, is grouped into 6 sections:Sect.
Caroxylon
(Thunb.) Fenzl, Sect.
Malpigipila
Botsch., Sect. Cardiandra Aellen, Sect.
Arbuscula
Ulbrich, Sect.
Coccosalsola
Fenzl an Sect.
Salsola
. The most ancient section, Sect,
Caroxylon
is assumed to originate as early as in the Oligocene Miocene on South Africa. In the Pliocene it penetrated into the region of Red Sea and the process of intense speciation occured there gave bosth the fruticose species of the sections
Malpigipila
,
Belanthera
,
Arbuscula
and
Coccosalsola
. Later in Asia, a new period of intense speciation resulted in the origin of annual species of the above mentioaed sections, as well as the sections
Cardiandra
and
Salsola
comprising only annual species.
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BIOSYSTEMAICAL STUDIES ON NORTHEAST CHINA VICIA L.Ⅰ.CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE OF TAXONOMY
Li Rui-jun, Liu Xiang-jun, Liu Mei, Liu Ming-yuan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
1
): 109-114.
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520
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This paper is a cytological part of biosystematical studies of all spec-ies of Vicia L. in Northeast, china Chromosome numbers are reported first.Results are as follows:V. cracca group. 2n=12;
V. amurensis
Oeft. 2n=12;
V. amoena
Fisch. ex DC. 2n=24;
V. amoena
var.
oblongifolia
Regel 2n=12;
V. amoena
var.
sericea
Kitag. 2n=12;
V. geminiflora
Trautv. 2n=14;
V. japonica
A. Gray 2n=24;
V. pseudorobus
Fisch. et C. A. Mey 2n=12;
V. multicaulis
Ledeb. 2n=12;
V. venosa
(Willd.)Maxim. 2n=12;
V. ramuliflora
(Maxim.) Ohwi 2n=12, 24;
V. unijuga
A. Br. 2n=12, 24.
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NEW TAXA OF ARACHNIODES BLUME IN CHINA (Ⅲ)
Hsieh Yin-Tang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 1-4.
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461
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A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS CITRUS FROM CHINA
Chang Yin-bin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 5-7.
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(
423
)
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NEW EUGLENA FROM HEILONGJIANG, CHINA
Zhang Yue, Yang Cuo-ting
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 9-16.
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589
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A NEW SPECIES OF SOROLEPIDIUN IN CHINA
Hsieh Yin-tang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 17-18.
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503
)
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THE NEW AND RARE SPECIES OF SPARGANIUM IN CHINA
Yu Dan, Liu Li-hua
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 19-22.
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471
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A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ASARUM FROM ANHUI
Wang De-qun, Hwang Shi-hua
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 23-25.
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509
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NEW TAXA OF AGROSTIS FROM SHANDONG
Fa-zeng Li
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 27-28.
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448
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A NEW SPECIES OF HYOPHILA IN CHINA
Gao Chein, Jia Xue-yi, Cao Tong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 29-31.
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492
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A NEW SPECIES OF CARPINUS FROM SHANDONG
Liang shu-bin, Zhao fa-zhu
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 33-34.
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775
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HIPPOCHAETE RAMOSISSIMA (DESF.) BOERNER VAR.JAPONICA J. X. LI ET F. Q. ZHOU, COMB. NOV.A NEW RECORD VARIETY FROM CHINA
Li Jian-xiu, Zhou Feng-qin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 35-36.
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456
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This paper reports the new distribution of
Equisetum ramosissium
Desf.var.
japonicum
(named by Milde, 1865 according to Japonese specimens) in Shandong Province, P. R. China. A new combination,
Hippochaete ramosissium
(Desf.) Böerner var.
japonica
(Milde) J. X. Li et F. Q. Zhou, comb.nov. is also presented.
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A STUDY ON VACHERIACEAE FRO NORTHEASTERN CHINA
Wang Quan-xi, Bao Wen-mei
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 37-58.
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508
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In the present paper, 18 species, 2 varieties and 2 forms of Vaucheri-aceae from Northeasten China are reported.
Vaucheria lcyana
is deseribedas a new species belonging to the Section Cornciculatae, Subsection Ra-cemosae.
V. racemosa
f.
longislipitata
is a new form.
V. schleicheri
,
V. taylorii
,
V. prona
and
V. birostris
,
V. bursata
var.
major
are first reported in China.
V. undulata
,
V. uncinata
and
V. veriticallata
are new recordsfrom Northeastern China.#br#The authors propose some ideas about ecology and dis tribution ofVaucheriaceae from Northeastern China. And some taxonomic problemsof this family are discussed.
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A SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY STUDY OF ZIZANIA L. (GRAMINEAE)——GROSS MORPHOLOGY
Chen Shou-liang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 59-73.
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436
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This Paper deals with gross morphology of
Zizania
L. and its relatives. A total of 8 genera, 12 species, 3 varieties and 1 form were examined not only in some collections of herbarium but also in the field of Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen. The results, just as other characters, were suggested that genus
Zizania
may be considered as an isolated subt-ribe
Zizaniinae
in tribe
Oryzeae
. There are 4 species, 2 subspecies in the whole world, i. e.
Z. aquatica
subsp.
aqualica
,
Z. aqualica
subsp.
brevis
(Fassett) S. L. Chen,
Z. palustris
subsp.
palustris
,
Z. palustris
subsp.
interior
(Fassett) S. L. Chen.
Z. texana
Hitchc. and
Z. latifolia
(Griseb.)Turcz. ex Stapf. The evolutionary trend of this genus,
Zizania
, may bederived from ancient stock, Which also given rise to the genus either
Oryza
or Zizaniopsis, and therefore parallel evolution may have takenplace in tribe
Oryzeae
.
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A SYNTHETIC STUDY ON THE CHINENSE CHANGIUM (UMBELLIFERAE)
Liou Shou-lu, Ye Jing-shen, Chen Chong-ming, Su pu, Wu Chu-jun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 75-83.
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487
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The genus Changium was estabilshed by H. Wolff (1924) on the basisof Mr. Chang Tsung-Sü collected specimen no. 13 from Huzhou of Zheji-ang province in China. This specimen had been named Changium smyrni-oides Wolff as type species of the genus. The genus Changium is used inmemory of collector Chang Tsung-Sü. The endemic genus has only onespecies in China. The systematic position of the genus (Umbelliferae) isbelong to Apioideae Drude, Smyrnieae Koch. It is mainly distributedEast China at latitude 28°-32°N. and 113°-122°E., this is the centre ofnatural distribution area. The more detail researched in classificatoryhistory, comments from the viewpoints of "Ben-cao", the morphologicaland anatomical characteristics, the geographical distribution, the biolo-gical characteristics and some chemical composition in the present paper.#br#This is the important information for researching the systematicposition of the genus in Umbelliferae and exploiting and useing resource.
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TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE SO-CALLED PAEONIA OBOVATA MAXIM. FROM NORTHEAST CHINA
Ding Kai-yu, Liu Ming-yuan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 85-91.
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630
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All of the internal literatures which record
Paeonia obovata
Maxim., so called, native to the Northeast, described it's flower is red or white.The present paper, dealing with the studies of morphology, anatomy, cytology, geograbhical distribution and developmental rhythm of the peony, comfirms that the red flower type is the real
Paeonia obovata
Maxim. with morphological features: red petals;light-green filaments, less number of staments; grass-green leavies rising up, and the white type is the
Paeonia japonica
Miyabe et Takeda with morphological features different from the frormer: white petals; black-purple filaments, more number of staments; black-green leavies extending horizontally.
P. obovata
blooms in the first ten days of June and is distributed over Soviet: Far-east region, China:the Northeast and the margins of it's near regions, Korea, and Japan.
P. japonica
blooms in the first twenty days of May and is merely geographica-lly limited to China: Mount. Chang-bai, Korea, and the south part of Japan.
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STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMETOPHYTE OF PHYLLITIS JAPONICA FROM CHINA
Liu Bao-dong, Bao Wen-mei, Aur Chih-wen
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 93-100.
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372
)
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Uising the light and scanning electronic microscopy, all stages of the development of gametophytes of
Phyllitis japonica
Komarov, Aspleniaceae from China have been studied. The spore is bilateral and monolete with a prominent perine. The pattern of spore gemination seems to be of centripetal. The germ filaments develop 2-8 cells, uniseriate. The prothallial develo-pment is of the Aspidium type. The prothalli are hairy, broad-round cordate and monoecious mainly. The antheridia are large. The necks of archegonia are slender and the basal parts of that are swelling. As compared with the main characters of gametophytes in
Phyllitis scolopendrium
(L.) Newman, the authors suppose they would be in a synonym.
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PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE POND AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
Yang Guo-ting, Zhang Yue, Liu Yun-bo
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 101-108.
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522
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The estimations of primary production of phytoplankton in the pondin Sanjiang Plain were carried out in 1987 with white-black bottle method.The correlation between primary production and the major ecologicalfactors are also discussed. On sunny days, the water layer with the maximum production is atthe depth of 50% transparency, where the light intensity is about 200001x. The compensation depth changes with the climate. The correlation between primary production and biomass, Mg
2+
is positive linear dependence. The P/B coefficient of phytoplankton under aunit of water surface is 177.7 during growth seasons. The rate of utiliza-tion of total radiation by phytoplankton is 0.31%. Nitrogen ip the wateris the Limiting factor for primary production of the pond.
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THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ENERGY STORAEG AND CALORIE VALUES OF THE LEYMUS CHINENSIS POPULATION
Zu Yuan-gang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
2
): 109-113.
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669
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In order to obtain basic data for clarifying Population Energeties in the
Leymus chinensis
grassland ecosystem in Northeast China, determina-tion of calorific values were carried ou ton the
Legmus chinensis
population which is the constructive vegetation in that grassland. Furthermore, energy storage in population materials on a unit land area were calcula-ted to ascertain its characteristic of energy storage under the natural con-dition.#br#As the results of this study, ear of the
Legmus chinensis
population possessed the highest calorific value among the various organs, that was 4898.28cal/gDW and living shoot appeared maximum calorific value among the components of the
Legmus chinensis
population, which was 4711.86 cal/gDW. Most of the solar radiation captured by the
Legmus chinensis
population was stored up its Under-ground for living through the winter safely and providing sufficient energy to sprouting of its Above-ground at the beginning of the growth season, next year.
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STUDIES ON THE GENUS ATHYRIUM SECT.STRIGOATHYRIUM CHING ET Y. T. HSIEH FROM CHINA
Zhang Xian-chun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
3
): 1-15.
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544
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Athyrium
sect.
Strigoathyrium
Ching et Y. T. Hsieh is a natural group in the genus. All the species of this section are common in morphological features distinguished from other groups by the presence of the long slender spine-like processes on the upper surface along rachis, costa and costule, and thin tecture of the blade with or without gemmae near the apex of the rachis. It could be divided into two series based on the spore with or without episporium. Ser. 1. Pectinata Ching et Y. T. Hsieh, only one species, rhizome long creeping, spore with episporium; Ser. 2.
Strigillosa
Ching et Y. T. Hsieh, there are twenty-two species in China, all have a erect rhizome except
A. chingianum
Z. R. Wang et X. C. Zhang ex X. C. Zhang, and the spores all without episporium.#br#In this section there are four species extending west to India, Skimm, Bhutan, Nepal, and three reaching east to Japan. The distribution center of this section where may be in Henduang Mount regions, there are eight endemic species.
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A NEW SPECIES OF SPIRADICLIS FROM GUANGXI
Chen Xiu-xing, Sha Wen-lan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
3
): 17-18.
Abstract
(
453
)
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A NEW SPECIES OF EUONYMUS FROM YUNNAN
Gu Zhe-ming, Cheng Ching-yung
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1991, 11 (
3
): 19-21.
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(
559
)
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