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    Comparative Study on Staining Methods and Techniques of Cell Wall Histochemistry
    ZHANG Xia, HU Lu-Jie, ZHOU Cun-Yu, YANG Chao-Dong
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2017, 37 (1): 147-154.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.01.019
    Abstract2619)      PDF(pc) (1604KB)(14768)       Save
    We carried out the comparative studies on several methods and techniques for cell wall histochemistry under light and epifluorescence microscope. The results showed that:(1) To study Casparian bands using staining methods of sulphuric acid digestion and berberine hemisulfate-aniline, the requirements of material collecting time and part were high, therefore, it was recommended to use the two methods to mutual confirmation; (2) To study suberin lamellae using Sudan red 7B staining, and none staining and berberine hemisulfate-aniline blue staining under blue excited, none staining was more sensitive than Sudan red 7B, but Sudan red 7B staining is convenient under light microscope; (3) To study lignified walls, berberine hemisulfate-aniline staining was more sensitive than phloroglucinol-HCl; (4) Using TBO fast wall staining to replace Sudan Ⅲ/Ⅳ conventional staining, the wall borders and layers were clearer.
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    CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AQUIFOLIACEAE OF CHINA
    Tseng Chang-jiang
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    1981, 1 (1-2): 1-44.  
    Abstract1330)      PDF(pc) (4009KB)(10515)       Save
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    Notes on the genus Pilea(Urticaceae) of China
    WANG Wen-Tsai
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2016, 36 (4): 484-490.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.002
    Abstract5756)      PDF(pc) (889KB)(11197)       Save
    In the present paper, two species of the genus Pilea(Urticaceae) are described as new, two new combinations for the two subspecies of Pilea gracilis are made, supplementary descriptions for P.shizongensis and P.racemiformis are given, and new distribution records for P.shizongensis, P.lomatogramma, P.racemiformis and P.peltata var. ovatifolia are provided.
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    Seven New Species of the Genus Delphinium(Ranunculaceae) from Xizang Autonomous Region
    WANG Wen-Tsai
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2018, 38 (6): 809-819.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.06.003
    Abstract5315)      PDF(pc) (1471KB)(10269)       Save
    Seven species of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae), D.longziense, D.xanthanthum, D.viridiovarium, D.dicentrum, D.zhanangense, D.latilimbum and D.lagarolobum are described as new from south-eastern Xizang Autonomous Region. The diagnostic differences between them and their allies are given respectively.
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    Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome Characteristics of 6 Species of Yucca
    Fei WANG, Wenzhi ZHAO, Zhanghong DONG, Luyao MA, Weiying LI, Zongyan LI, Peiyao XIN
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 109-119.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.012
    Abstract3924)   HTML28)    PDF(pc) (5663KB)(6756)       Save

    In order to clarify the characteristics and sequences variation of the chloroplast genome of Yucca, a comparative genomics of the chloroplasts was performed, and a phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast genome was constructed. The chloroplast genome of Y. treculeana was obtained by high-throughput sequencing technology, and combined with the published chloroplast genome of Yucca, the chloroplast genomes of six species of Yucca were studied by comparative genomics, including basic structure, SSR, boundary contraction and expansion, sequence variation and phylogenetic analysis respectively. The results showed that the chloroplast genome size, gene type and number of the six Yucca species were similar, and the interspecific genome structure was conserved. Several repeated sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome of Yucca, among which SSR loci were mostly composed of mononucleotide, dinucleotide and tetranucleotide, and preferred A and T bases. Three regions with high variation(psbK-psbl-trnS-GCUrpl20-rps12 and ccsA-ndhD) were identified from the chloroplast genomes of six Yucca species according to the nucleic acid polymorphism index(π)≥0.008. The phylogenetic relationships constructed from the chloroplast genome and LSC+SSC region sequences were basically consistent, and the phylogenetic relationships among six Yucca species were confirmed, among which Y. treculeana and Y. queretaroensis were most closely related. The sequencing obtained Y. treculeana chloroplast genome, revealed the genome characteristics and sequence variation of six Yucca species, and clarified the relatedness among various species. The results could provide reference for subsequent molecular marker development and phylogenetic research.

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    Complete Chloroplast Genome Structure and Characterization of Syringa villosa subsp . wolfii
    Yongchang LU, Xin ZHANG, Luyan ZHANG, Jiuli WANG
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 120-130.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.013
    Abstract9241)   HTML34)    PDF(pc) (5570KB)(5645)       Save

    To clarify the basic characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome of Syringa villosa subsp. wolfii, the sequence information of chloroplast genome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology, and its systematic evolution position was discussed. The results showed that:(1)The total length of the S. villosa subsp. wolfii chloroplast genome was 156 517 bp, which had a typical tetrad structure and had 131 functional genes, including 36 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 87 protein-coding genes respectively. (2)The relative synonymous codon usage(RSCU) analysis of the protein-coding region of the chloroplast genome showed that there were 31 codons with RSCU>1, of which 21 ended with A/U base; and there were 34 codons with RSCU<1, including 22 codons ending with G/C base. (3)In the chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii, 334 scattered repeats were detected, including 170 forward repeats and 164 palindromic repeats, and 227 SSR loci were discovered, and PCR primers were designed successfully for 226 of these loci. (4)Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the maximum likelihood method showed that S. villosa subsp. wolfii was the most closely to the S. yunnanensis. In this study, repeated sequences, IR boundaries and phylogeny of chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii were analyzed to provide reference data for molecular markers, phylogenetic classification, species identification and evaluation and DNA barcode development.

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    One New Section and Three new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from Chongqing
    WANG Wen-Tsai
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2018, 38 (6): 804-808.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.06.002
    Abstract4938)      PDF(pc) (692KB)(7848)       Save
    One section and three species of the genus Elatostema (Urticaceae) are described as new from the Simian mountain, Jiangjin district, Chongqing city:(1) Sect. Gynosciadion with one species, Elatostema femineocymosum, is chracterized by its numerous pistillate flowers in a 3-4 times branched cyme, lacking a receptacle with an involucre, and by these charactes can be distinguished from all other sctions of the genus Elatostema; (2) E.gyronanophyllum is closely related to E.sinense H. Schröter, differing from the latter in its smaller leaves with fewer secondary nerves, orbicular or suborbicular reduced leaves, pistillate involucre with 12 triangular bracts, pistillate flower with 2 tepals, and the depressed-globose stigma; (3) E.zhengyuanum is closely related to E.simianshanicum W.T.Wang, differing from the latter in its glabrous, sometimes vegetative stems, larger leaf blades, cystoliths and stipules, and oblanceolate-oblong bracts of staminate involucre not carinate abaxially.
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    Extraction of genomic DNA from woody plants and it’s identification
    WANG Jun;YANG Chuan-Ping*;LIU Gui-Feng
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (5): 589-594.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.05.016
    Abstract3698)      PDF(pc) (254KB)(4186)       Save
    Genomic DNA was extracted from leaves of Vitis amurensis, Actinidia arguta, Quercus mongolica, Juglans mandshurica and needles of Pinus sibirica, Pinus pumila by the method of modified CTAB. The isolated genomic DNA length was similar to λDNA (48 kb) and is suitable for both PCR amplification and digestion with restriction endonucleases. The absorbance ration (A 260/A 280) ranged 1.66~1.89. The quality of DNA extracted from third and fourth times suspension was better than from first and second times suspension. The yields of DNA ranged from 15 μg·g -1 fresh mass(from fourth time suspension J.mandshuric) to 272 μg·g -1 fresh mass(from third time suspension of V.amurensis).Although from first and second times suspension of P.pumila and P.sibirica wasn’t isolated genomic DNA, but from third and fourth times suspension was obtained high quality genomic DNA. The genomic DNA can be used for next analysis via identification of PCR and digestion with restriction endonucleases.
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    Lectotypifications of Twenty Names of Chinese Taxa in Angiospermae
    LIN Qi;BEI Shu-Qing;LI Hong-Li;CAO Zi-Yu;SUN Qian;SUN Miao;YANG Zhi-Rong
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (5): 534-539.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.05.007
    Abstract10213)      PDF(pc) (262KB)(5341)       Save
    Based on examinations of type specimens housed at PE, lectotypes for twenty names of Chinese taxa in Angiospermae are here designated under Article 8.1, 9.9, 9.10 and 37.2, Recommendation 9A.2 and 9A.3 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code), because the types were respectively indicated by reference to a gathering that consists of more than one specimen, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated as types, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated, without indicating the type in the protologue.
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    Urban Street Tree Species Composition in 35 Cities of China
    WANG Ke, XIAO Lu, TIAN Pan-Li, ZHANG Xi-Ting, WANG Hong-Yuan, WANG Wen-Jie
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2020, 40 (4): 568-574.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.04.011
    Abstract3804)      PDF(pc) (1280KB)(2582)       Save
    Clarifying the composition of the urban forest tree is the base of urban forest construction and management.Previous studies were mostly located in a singlecity or region, and it was difficult to reveal its general rule.We selected China's 35 majorcities, with a total of 88 632 plots by using Baidu Street View(BSV).These cities were divided into Northern, Southern, Qinghai-Tibet and Northwestern cities, according to their geographical region location. We compared the differences in street tree composition between cities and between regions. Results showed that:①There were 99street trees commonly used in the 35 cities based on the street BSV survey.The most common tree species were Populus spp., Salix spp., Cinnamomum camphora, Cedrus deodara and Sophora japonica. ②Most of the street trees in Southern cities are broad-leaved trees e.g.,Cinnamomum camphora, while in Northern and Northwestern cities, Populus spp., Salix spp. and S.japonicawere dominant, and in the Qinghai-Tibet area, Populus spp. and conifer were dominant. ③Only Kunming and Guilin street species configuration were reasonable at species levelaccording tothe 10/20/30 "rule of thumb". In particular, the relative abundance of Populus spp. was as high as 61.2%, in Karamay. The proportion of Cinnamomum camphora trees exceeds 50% of the total number of tree species in Changsha and Hangzhou.The primary reason was that single-species occupy absolute predominance which made the relative abundance ratio of other tree species less or even no. In the four areas,street tree configuration was unreasonable at the species level. To solve this problem, we should reduce the use of Populus spp., Salix spp., Cedrus deodara, S.japonica in the North, and other trees suitable for native growth should be added in Northwest, Qinghai-Tibet, and Southern. Our study provides important parameters for the nationalplanning of urban forest, scientific evaluation and construction, systematic comparison of multiple cities, support of urban forest management and comprehensive improvement of ecological service functions.
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    A New Species of Sonerila Roxb.(Melastomataceae) from Fujian Province
    LIN Qin-Wen
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2015, 35 (6): 803-806.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.06.002
    Abstract1259)      PDF(pc) (797KB)(2749)       Save
    A new species of Sonerila Roxb.(Melastomataceae), S.trinervis Q.W. Lin, is described, illustrated and photographed from Fujian Province,China. The new species is morphologically similar to Sonerila erecta Jack, but easily differs from the latter bystems terete, wingless, puberulous; leaf blade adaxially puberulous, basally 3-veined; petals white, suborbicular, 2 mm in diameter; stamens ca. 2.5 mm in length, and anthers ca. 1 mm in length.
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    Elatostema glochidioides is Decidedly Unconspecific with E.famosissimum
    WANG Wen-Tsai
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2016, 36 (6): 801-804.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.06.001
    Abstract5266)      PDF(pc) (474KB)(5792)       Save
    In 2011, Elatostema glochidioides W. T. Wang, a species endemic to southern China, was reduced into the synonymy of E.ramosissimum Reinecke, a species endemic to Savaii Island of Oceania. Two species have rather similar habit, but there are important morphological differences. In E.glochidioides, the leaves are adaxially strigose, abaxially glabrous, and trinerved; the pistillate capitula have conspicuous receptacles; the pistillate flower lacks tepals; and the achenes are longitudinally ribbed. In E.ramosissimum, the leaves are adaxially glabrous, abaxially on midrib strigose, and semi-triplinerved; the receptacles of pistillate capitula are very small, inconspicuous; the pistillate flower has 3(-4) tepals; and the achenes are minutely tuberculate. On the basis of the morphological differences just mentioned the specific status of E.glochidioides is restored here.
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    Infraspecific taxa of Paris fargesii Franch.
    Zixuan REN, Ling ZHAO, Jiawen ZHAO, Qinghe WANG, Hongxiang YIN
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 505-519.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.004
    Abstract1858)   HTML12)    PDF(pc) (7354KB)(1800)       Save

    In order to explore the taxonomic composition of Paris fargesii Franch., the morphological characteristics, phenological period, phytochemistry, molecular biology and geographical distribution of P. fargesii Franch. were compared and analyzed respectively. The results showed that there were five taxa, including P. fargesii var. fargesii, P. fargesii var. latipetala, P. fargesii var. brevipetalata, P. fargesii var. macrosepala and the black patch population. All of them differed in morphology, phenological period, steroidal saponins composition and ITS sequence, and had their own geographical distribution range. The phenological period and chemical composition of P. fargesii var. petiolata were closer to P. delavayi, and clustered into one branch in the ITS phylogenetic tree, and there was a transitional group between them. Therefore, P. fargesii var. petiolata should be removed from P. fargesiias a variety of P. delavayi, which scientific name was P. delavayi var. petiolata. It was speculated that the infraspecific evolution order of P. fargesii was P. fargesii var. brevipetalataP. fargesii var. latipetalaP. fargesii var. fargesiiP. fargesii var. macrosepala, black patch population.

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    Exogenous Sucrose Affected AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 to Regulate Root Growth of Seedling in Arabidopsis thaliana
    Sheng ZHENG, Haixia GAO, Min SU, Shanghuan LU, Tengguo ZHANG, Guofan WU
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 562-571.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.009
    Abstract317)   HTML11)    PDF(pc) (5300KB)(1694)       Save

    To explore the function roles of K+-efflux-antiporters KEA1 and KEA2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, wild type and kea1kea2 knock-down mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as materials to investigate the effects of KEA1 and KEA2 on plant growth and development. Phenotypic analysis, propidium iodide staining to observe the structure of roots, high performance liquid chromatography to determine endogenous sugar content, transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR to analyze the relative expression levels of related genes, histochemical staining to detect the distribution of superoxide anion in leaves were performed respectively. The results showed that the root length of the kea1kea2 mutant was significantly shorter than that of the wild-type Col-0 plant in the absence of sucrose. Further observation showed that compared with the wild-type, the root meristem zone of kea1kea2 mutant was shorter, the endogenous sucrose content was decreased, and more O2·- was distributed in the leaves of the kea1kea2 mutant. However,when 30 g·L-1 sucrose was exogenously added, there was no significant difference in root length between the wild-type and kea1kea2 mutant. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of many key genes involved in sucrose signals and root growth were repressed in the kea1kea2 mutant. In summary, the results suggested that sucrose might affect AtKEA1and AtKEA2 to regulate root growth in Arabidopsis seedlings.

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    Moss New Records in China from Gongga Mt., Sichuan
    Qinghua WANG, Qiang HE, Lian LUO, Gaowa NAREN, Zhaoqin YI, Xiaoao ZHENG, Yong JIANG, Yu JIA
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 498-504.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.003
    Abstract1835)   HTML17)    PDF(pc) (2719KB)(1598)       Save

    Three moss species, including Ctenidium malacodesUlota crispula and Ulota intermedia, were reported as new records and collected from Gongga Mt. in Sichuan, and all specimens were deposited in the Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(PE). We provided detailed morphological descriptions and photos and discuss their main differences from neighboring species. The bryophyte diversity in Gongga Mt. area is very high, which is worthy of further investigation and research.

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    Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis and the Effects on Anti-Oxidative Stress in Cells
    Hanlin ZHU, Heng ZHAO, Bowen ZHAI, Maoyu ZHANG, Yujie FU
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 631-640.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.016
    Abstract1854)   HTML13)    PDF(pc) (3235KB)(1595)       Save

    The polysaccharides of Schisandra chinensis were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted cellulase enzymolysis from the dried fruit of S. chinensis as raw material, and the extraction process and anti-oxidative stress activity of S. chinensis polysaccharides were studied. Using polysaccharide yield as index, single factor experiment and Box-Behnken response surface test were used to investigate the effects of enzyme concentration, ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on polysaccharide yield of S. chinensis, and the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction process was optimized. A lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced oxidative stress damage model of HepG2 cells was established, and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were used as indicators, and the anti-oxidative stress ability of S. chinensis polysaccharides was investigated. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions as followed: the enzyme concentration was 1 420 U·g-1, the ultrasonic power was 500 W, the extraction time was 46 min, the solid-liquid ratio was 1 g∶32 mL. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 22.25%. Moreover, the extracted S. chinensis polysaccharides might improve the SOD level in the LPS-induced HepG2 cells, but reduce the MDA accumulation and ROS fluorescence intensity in the cells, and effectively relieve the LPS-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The extraction conditions of polysaccharides from S. chinensis were optimized, and it was found that the extracted polysaccharides had good antioxidant stress ability.

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    Extraction methods of microorganisms from phyllosphere
    ZHOU Yu;QIAO Xiong-Wu;WANG Jing;CUI Zhong-Li;LI Shun-Peng
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (2): 233-237.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.02.025
    Abstract7855)      PDF(pc) (145KB)(2918)       Save
    The extraction methods of microorganisms from the bean’s leaves were investigated and the efficiency of different methods was compared. Results showed that different extraction methods and solvents led to quite different results. By ultrasonic cleaner method, the number of microorganisms increased to a maximum with the time prolonging and then decrease, the most effective treatment time is about four minates. There are no significant difference between sterile water and phosphate buffer. Comparing with ultrasonic cleaner method, extraction efficiency of homogenate method was much higher. The maximum yield of the former was about 7.67×106 cfu/g fresh leaves while the latter was up to 1.12×10 7 cfu/g. The optimal weight of the leaves sample was four to five g. Leaf age influenced the abundance of microbial population significantly, but the leaf age of a sample for a specific purpose still depends on the other factors.
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    Eco-environmental characteristics and endangered causes of Taxus mairei, an endemic to China
    RU Wen-Ming;ZHANG Jin-Tun;*;ZHANG Feng;ZHANG Gui-Ping;
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (5): 624-628.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.05.022
    Abstract6110)      PDF(pc) (127KB)(2857)       Save
    Taxus mairei is one of the Tertiary relic species and an endemic to China,being one of the state-protected one-grade rare and endangered plants,and distributed mainly alongside Yangzi River valley,in Nanling Mountains and some mountains in Guangdong,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Henan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Taiwan and Shanxi etc. The eco-environmental characteristics of Taxuus marirei areas are that heat energy is efficiency,climate is warmer and moisture.The endangered reasons for T. marei are involved with:(1)Its quantities of seeds produced from a plant annual is fewer,the germination ratio of the seeds and the survivor ratio of the juvenile are very lower,(2)the population of T. mareis is in competition with the other plants for various resources is disadvantageous,(3)its geographical distribution has some limitations,(4)it needs a relative special habitat, i. e. moisture habitat and warmer climate and (5) the intervention of human activities is severity,including several cutting,gopher utilization and the destroy of habitat for T. mareis. Furthermore,the strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of T. mairei are discussed,respectively.
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    Competition Pattern of Standing Trees in Secondary Pinus Forest in the Ziwuling Mountains, China
    Shuzhen ZOU, Caijia YIN, Qian YANG, Long MA, Di KANG
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 140-149.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.015
    Abstract11515)   HTML38)    PDF(pc) (3338KB)(2058)       Save

    In order to reveal the driving mechanism of competition dynamics and pattern formation in the process of arid forest restoration and succession, the competition and spatial distribution pattern of standing trees in arid forest China were studied, and a typical secondary Pinus tabuliformis forests was investigated in the Ziwuling Mountains, China, and four larger sample sites(0.25 hm2 each) in different developmental stages were selected, according to the method using space instead of time, and some details of population, size, inter-tree competitions and spatial pattern of four sample sites were acquired respectively. The results showed that, in the four communities at different stages of succession, population densities of P. tabulaeformis were 1 476, 996, 800 and 648 per ha2 respectively; population densities of Betula platyphylla were 48, 32, 44 and 16 per ha2 respectively; and population densities of Populus davidiana were 64, 28, 24 and 12 per ha2 respectively. Competition index of main tree specials decreased with succession, and showed P. tabulaeformis>B. platyphylla>P. davidiana. Quantity of small individuals(diameter at breast height from 2-15 cm) decreased obviously; but quantity of large individuals(diameter at breast height larger than 30 cm) increased. In all succession stages, the competitive intensity of P. tabulaeformis decreased with the increase of diameter. The horizontal spatial competition pattern of P. tabulaeformis showed a patchiness distribution. P. tabulaeformis clumped at the scales 0-5 m, and negative correlated with other tress specials at the scales 5-15 m. Quantity of small size Pinus individuals decreased obvious in later developmental stage. Inter-tree competition of P. tabulaeformis was stronger than other tree species, and inter-tree competition decreased in the later developmental stage. The conclusions are as follows: the size of trees are negatively correlated with the competition index; the competition index of P. tabulaeformis is higher than other species; the competition at community scales decline as development, and the quantity and range of the patches with an intense competition decline, but do not disappear yet. Competition and spatial relations are observed within the scales of 5-15 m which are larger than the average crown size of Pinus. The conditions suggest that the range of inter-tree influence could expand indirectly beyond their crown range through unknown methods, which should be further investigated.

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    Relationship between Anatomical Structures of Populus euphratica and Ecoenvironment
    WANG Gui-Qin;ZHENG Yu-Hua;HU Ding-Chao
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2015, 35 (1): 11-15.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.01.003
    Abstract8471)      PDF(pc) (1340KB)(4186)       Save
    We used light microscope, scanning electron microscope and histochemical localization techniques to study the relations between secondary vascular tissue and the ecological adaptation of Populus euphratica. P.euphratica has many structural characteristics and tuber member characteristics, which are adapt to ecological environment. The ratio of secondary phloem with developed phloem fiber to secondary xylem is 1/7 in width, and much cells with rich protein distributed in parenchyma. Less vessels in large diameter, with thick wall and multiple-pore distributed in the wood arranged radially, as a result, the tubal complex, mainly multiple-pore, supplemented by tracheid or bundle tracheid, was formed in secondary xylem of P.euphratica’ stem, while the xylem ray remained or evolved into fibrous tracheid. There are mainly pitted vessels in stem, occasionally trapeziform-pitted type, and both type vessels are very short with truncatus and leveled-perforation. The characteristics descripted above can explain the evolution and adaptation of secondary vascular tissue and tuber members of P.euphratica in a specific habitat.
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    Antibody Preparation and Protein Expression of NdhK in Nostoc flagelliforme
    GUO Zheng-Hong;WEI Lan-Zhen;WANG Quan-Xi*
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2012, 32 (2): 204-207.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2012.02.013
    Abstract8443)      PDF(pc) (814KB)(2560)       Save
    Nostoc flagelliforme, a terrestrial cyanobacterium, is distributed in arid and semi-arid steppes of the west and northwest of China. Cyanobacterial NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) is an important photosynthetic membrane protein complex, and is essential to CO 2 uptake, cyclic electron transport around photosystem Ⅰ and cellular respiration. However, little is know about the function roles of NdhK subunit in cyanobacteria. In this study, the ndhK gene was PCR amplified from the N.flagelliforme, and the expression plasmid pET32a- ndhK was generated and transformed into BL21(DE3)pLysS, and the expression of NdhK protein was induced by IPTG. After purification, the fusion protein pET-NdhK was used to immunize Japanese white rabbit to obtain the polyclonal antibody. The titer of the polyclonal antibody was detected and analyzed by Western blotting, the result showed that the polyclonal antibody possessed a high specificity. Therefore, the antibody of NdhK obtained in this study will further help us to reveal the functional roles of cyanobacterial NdhK subunit.
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    Direct Organogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration from Mature Zygotic Embryos of Chinese Pine( Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)
    KONG Dong-Mei;WAN Ting
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2010, 30 (6): 668-673.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2010.06.008
    Abstract10202)      PDF(pc) (421KB)(2449)       Save
    Mature zygotic embryos of Chinese pine were cultured as initial explants to investigate the process of direct organogenesis. Adventitious buds were initiated on DCR and MS medium supplemented with 1~5 mg·L -1 benzyladenine (BA) with or without 1~10 mg·L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest induction frequency of adventitious buds (90%) was obtained on DCR medium containing 1 mg·L -1 BA. Subsequent transfer of buds to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium in time was advantageous for elongation of adventitious buds. 1/2DCR medium with 1 mg·L -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was suitable for adventitious root initiation, on which average rooting frequency was 47.1%. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in vermiculite and transferred to greenhouse, where they had a survival rate of 86.4% and no morphological abnormalities.
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    Verification of Scientific Name of Stauranthera grandifolia Benth.
    Zhangjie HUANG, Peiliang LIU
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 493-497.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.002
    Abstract1844)   HTML20)    PDF(pc) (2840KB)(1474)       Save

    The correct scientific name is the only international name of a species, which could reduce ambiguity in communication, but it would cause confusion in research and production if it is used incorrectly. As a hotspot plant Family, there were some problems of changes in scientific names in Gesneriaceae. Since the publication of Stauranthera grandifolia Benth., different forms of the epithet, grandifolia and grandiflora, were used in various literatures. By checking related literatures, this paper confirms that the correct epithet should be grandifolia according to the Articles of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.

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    Comparative Morphology of the Tepal Epidermis in Illiciales
    WU Zhi-Rong;LIN Qi*
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (2): 155-167.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.008
    Abstract7266)      PDF(pc) (989KB)(2579)       Save
    The tepal epidermis of 20 samples,representing 11 species within Illicium Linn.(Illiciaceae),15 samples of 8 species belonging to Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss.(Schisandraceae),and 17 samples of 6 species in Schisandra Michaux. (Schisandraceae),were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Several characters of tepal epidermis of the three genera in Illiciales,such as patterns of epidermal cells,shapes and distributing of secretory cells,types and distributing of stomatal apparatus,and cuticular ornamentations,were reported for the first time. Two new characters,stomata cluster and cyclotytic stomata,are introduced. The previous studies reported the correlations between the character of outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis and the habit in Illiciales: single outer stomatal rims occured in deciduous species and double ones only in evergreen species. In this study,all the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis in Illiciales are single,different from those on leaf epidermis. Therefore,it is considered that the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis and the outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis are not interrelated. Neither is the latter nor the habit. The characters of tepal epidermis are constant whether the tepals grow in bisexual,male or female flowers,which means this character does not relate with flower sex. Comparing the characters of tepal epidermis among Illicium, Kadsura and Schisandra,it is indicated that Schisandra has more derived characters than Kadsura,and so does Kadsura than Illicium. Additionaly,the similarity,of tepal epidermis between Kadsura and Schisandra,is greater than that between Kadsura and Illicium. Therefore,it seems reasonable to establish Schisandraceae including genera Kadsura and Schisandra,and Illiciaceae only containing the single genus Illicium.
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    Seed Morphology of the Genus Illicium Linn.(Illiciaceae)
    LIN Qi;LI Chao;LIU Chang-Jiang;YANG Zhi-Rong
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2007, 27 (2): 145-150.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.02.007
    Abstract6866)      PDF(pc) (241KB)(2459)       Save
    The seeds of 15 species (33 samples) of the genus Illicium Linn. were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and described. The results indicate that Illicium seeds are obovoid, rarely ellipsoid or ovoid, flattened. Exotesta is stone-hard, mesotesta coriaceous, endotesta membranaceous. Exotesta is yellowish, egg-yellow to orange-brown with invariably smooth and lucidly ceraceous layer, without testa ornaments found. Seed has a raised longitudinal ridge (raphe) at the ventral surface extending from the hilum to the top. Hilum locates at the bottom, near ventral surface of seed, or at the bottom of seed, ovate or elliptic, depressed. Embryo minute, endosperm copious, oily. The most features of seed surfaces among the species of Illicium are similar and constant, which supports that the genus should be relatively natural monophyletic group.
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    The Function of Salt and Alkaline Tolerance of WRKY42 Gene in Amorpha fruticosa
    Yu SUN, Yiteng ZHANG, Huihui CHENG
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (4): 612-621.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.014
    Abstract1985)   HTML11)    PDF(pc) (3957KB)(1467)       Save

    To investigate the role of WRKY transcription factors(TFs) in sensing saline-alkali stress signals and maintaining their tolerance function through physiological and biochemical regulatory pathways, and the WRKY42 gene of Amorpha fruticosa was cloned and the expression pattern in response to salt(NaCl) and alkali(NaHCO3) stress and tissue organs was analyzed, and the salinity tolerance function was also studied its by overexpression in tobacco. In this study, the AfWRKY42 gene was cloned based on transcriptome sequencing data of A. fruticosa L. under stress. Bioinformatics analysis showed that AfWRKY42 contained a WRKY structural domain, two low-complexity regions and a helix region. Phylogenetic tree analysis of amino acids revealed that AfWRKY42 was most closely related to WRKY47 of Cajanus cajan and WRKY42 of Mucuna pruriens. The localization of AfWRKY42 protein in mesophyll protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana was confirmed in nucleus by a transient gene expression system. Quantitative analysis of AfWRKY42 gene showed the highest expression in the shoot epidermis of Sophora japonica. Detection of expression patterns in roots and leaves treated with NaCl and NaHCO3 showed an overall increasing trend induced by it, suggesting that overall stress induced an increase in AfWRKY42 gene expression, and AfWRKY42 gene was associated with the regulation of salinity tolerance in plants. Analysis of salinity tolerance in 35S-initiated overexpressing T3 generation of tobacco lines transgenic for AfWRKY42 gene showed that the transgenic tobacco lines showed increased resistance after salinity stress treatment, it had higher chlorophyll and electrical conductivity and significantly lower malondialdehyde content than the wild type, indicating that AfWRKY42 played an important regulatory role in response to salinity stress. It would provide a WRKY transcription factor candidate gene for salinity resistance breeding and lay the foundation for improving the resistance of A. fruticosa and other plants.

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    Pollen contamination and it’s control in the management of forestry seed orchard
    LI Yu-Wen;WANG Hong-Mei;FENG Fu-Juan
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (5): 633-640.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.05.024
    Abstract6344)      PDF(pc) (283KB)(2433)       Save
    The pollen contamination in a seed orchard is a principal factor influencing the genetical quality of a seed orchard. Genetic losses arise from the influx of ‘wild’ conspecific pollen into seed orchards.In this paper a review was made of the general researches on pollen contamination, contamination level, the extent of its influence and the measures to reduce it in the orchards at home and abroad. Researches showed that the DNA marker proved to be very useful in assessing seed orchard mating dynamics and orchard management efficacies for conifer seed orchards(e.g.,chloroplast DNA(cpDNA),RAPD,SSR); in a seed orchard the contamination level is higher than that formerly estimated ; pollen yield seems to have no influence on contamination level; space and reproductive isolation are not so effective as to be expected. At present time, supplemental mass pollination(SMP)and thinning are two effective measures to reduce pollen contamination. To improve the parental balance of seed orchard crops, the use of artificial management techniques such as gibberellin A4/7 treatment, rearrangement of clonal ramets is recommended in seed orchards. Work on the other facets of contamination measurement,gene-flow studies, are listed. The authors made some recommendations about research on and management of pollen contamination in seed orchards in our country. Mechanical(pollen dispersal), phonological (the timing of flowering) and viability factors related to the pollen genotype should all be considered when assessing pollen contamination in seed orchards.
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    Seed Morphology of Five Genera of Berberidaceae in China
    ZHANG Jian-Ru, ZENG Ni, CHANG Zhao-Yang
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2016, 36 (4): 491-502.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.003
    Abstract8324)      PDF(pc) (2145KB)(5188)       Save
    The seed morphology of 42 taxa(40 species and 2 varieties) in 5 genera( Berberis, Mahonia, Caulophyllum, Dysosma and Diphylleia) of Berberidaceae from China was studied by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The study seeds were tawny, reddish brown to black, and diverse in shape. Ornamentation of seed coat was ascribed into four types as reticular(including 7 subtypes), reticular-scalariform, scalariform and ruminate. Seeds of Caulophyllum robustum were sphere and the hilum located on the side of seed near middle, which could be the typical characters distinguished from the other 4 genera. According to the micromorphology of seed coat, systematic and phylogenetic implications of seed coat morphology in Berberidaceae were discussed, and the possible evolutionary route of seed coat ornamentation was conjectured. Seed morphology supported the sister relationship between Berberis and Mahonia, and Dysosma was more original than Diphylleia. Seed morphology of the genus Berberis did not support Ahrendt's treatment of some sections and subsections.
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    Syringin content of Acanthopanax senticosus samples in Heilongjiang different zones measuring by HPLC method
    ZHANG Yan-Hua;SUN Li-Fu;SHI Wei-Lin;WANG Qi-Chao;
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (1): 123-126.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.01.025
    Abstract7645)      PDF(pc) (150KB)(2447)       Save
    Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim) Harms belongs to Araliaceae, which is a popular plant medicine with lots of bioactive substance around the world. Eleutheroside has many functions, such as resisting weariness and senescence, restraining tumor growth etc. Syringin is a main component of eleutheroside. Ultrasonic extraction method with 1.5 hour, sixty percent carbinol liquor as extractant and 55℃ are the best combination of extraction method. HPLC suitable condition was 266 nm as measuring wavelenghth, carbinol and water(28:72) used as mobile phase, 1 mL·min -1 as velocity of flow, column temperature with 25℃. Syringin content in root and stem were compared and analyzed in similar habitats in Heilongjiang different zones. The results showed that in the seven investigation zones, syringin content of this species was highest in Wuying National Nature Reserve, which grew under Pinus koraiensis original forest, but lowest in Snow Hollow Beauty Spot of Wudalianchi and Miror Lake area of Mudan river. This result would be benefit on gathering many-prickle acanthopanax and selecting the cropping habitats.
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    Discovery and Identification of Male Sterility Platycodon grandiflorum Germplasm JXB-1
    WU Ji-Ri;YAN Yi-Zi;QUAN Xue-Li;PIAO Jin;WU Song-Quan
    Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (6): 716-719.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.06.015
    Abstract5977)      PDF(pc) (240KB)(2372)       Save
    A male sterile germplasm JXB-1 was discovered at three-year-old wild Platycodon grandiflorum germplasms area in Longjing city in 2006 and its development and reproduction were further studied. The results showed that there was no obvious difference in flower’s outward appearance between JXB-1 and normal plant, but JXB-1 had shriveled and cracked anther with no microspore, forced anther with irregular and no activities, its self-pollination rate was zero and crosspollination rate was 100%. Anther and microsporogenesis observations showed that JXB-1 anther abortion mainly took place at tetrad stage because small spore growth was stopped for tapetum cells premature disintegration. Vegetative propagations of tissue culture for JXB-1 was all male sterile. It was preliminarily shown that JXB-1 was a male sterility germplasm, had high affinity with other germplasms and can be used as fine breeding material.
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