小兴安岭原始阔叶红松林与枫桦次生林土壤呼吸及其各组分特征的比较研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 原始阔叶红松林是我国温带典型的地带性顶极植被类型，枫桦次生林是其典型的次生林类型之一，对二者土壤呼吸及其各组分特征的研究有助于准确评价该地区的碳平衡。本研究主要测定了2013和2014年2个生长季原始阔叶红松林和枫桦次生林土壤呼吸（R_S），并量化了土壤呼吸的各个组分（异养呼吸R_H和自养呼吸R_A），与此同时测量了土壤10 cm处温度以及土壤含水率。研究结果表明，土壤呼吸及其各组分有着明显的季节变化特性，其大小的变化主要受温度的影响，土壤10 cm处的温度可以解释R_S 64%~70%、R_H 56%~65%、R_A 77%~79%的变异。对于温度的敏感性，原始阔叶红松林土壤呼吸Q₁₀值>枫桦次生林土壤呼吸Q₁₀值，而在单一林型中的比较，R_A Q₁₀值 > R_S Q₁₀值 > R_H Q₁₀值。此外，总体Q₁₀值随着季节有着明显的变化，且随着温度的升高有降低的趋势。原始阔叶红松林和枫桦次生林R_S年平均速率分别为3.92和4.06 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，R_H年平均速率分别为2.97和2.85 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，R_A年平均速率则分别为0.96和1.17 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。原始阔叶红松林土壤呼吸以及土壤土壤自养呼吸要稍低于枫桦次生林，而原始阔叶红松林异养呼吸则高于枫桦次生林异养呼吸，但差异不显著。原始阔叶红松林和枫桦次生林R_S平均年通量分别为942和971 g C·m^-2·a^-1，R_H年通量分别为709和677 g C·m^-2·a^-1，R_A年通量则分别为215和276 g C·m^-2·a^-1。原始阔叶红松林R_S年通量略高于枫桦次生林R_S年通量，但差异不显著。我们的实验结果表明，小兴安岭地区枫桦次生林正向演替的过程中，植被演替变化对土壤呼吸及各组分的影响并不明显，相较于环境因子温度和湿度要小的多。

关键词: 演替, 阔叶红松林, 枫桦次生林, 土壤呼吸, 自养呼吸, 异养呼吸

Abstract: Primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest is a typical zonal climax vegetation type in the temperate zone of China. Betula costata secondary forest is one of its typical secondary forests. The study on soil respiration and the characteristics of the components of the primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forest and B.costata secondary forest will be helpful in gaining insight into Xiaoxing'an Mountains spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of carbon source and sink as well as its main influence factors. The final end is to accurately evaluate the carbon balance of this region. We tested the soil respiration(R_S) of Primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest and B.costata secondary forest in 2013 and 2014, adopted procedure of quantization in the test of soil respiration components(heterotrophic respiration R_H, autotrophic respiration R_A), and surveyed the soil temperature and soil moisture at 10 cm of the soil. The soil respiration and its main components feature obvious seasonal variation, which is mainly influenced by temperature. The temperature at the depth of 10 cm of the soil can explain the variation of R_S of 64%-70%, R_H of 56%-65%, and R_A of 77%-79%. As for the temperature sensitivity, primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest's Q₁₀ value of soil respiration>B.costata secondary forest Q₁₀ value of soil respiration. While in the comparison of a single forest, Q₁₀ of R_A > Q₁₀ of R_S > Q₁₀ of R_H. The general Q₁₀ value presents obvious seasonal changes and the value decreases with the rise in temperature. The average soil respiration of R_S of the primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forest and the B.costata secondary forest are 3.92 and 4.06 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, the average soil respiration of R_H are 2.97 and 2.85 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, while the average soil respiration of R_A are 0.96 and 1.17 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The average annual flux of R_S of the primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forest and the B.costata secondary forest are 942 and 971 m^-2·a^-1 C, respectively; the average annual flux of R_H are 709 and 677 m^-2·a^-1 C, respectively, while the average annual flux of R_A are 215 and 276 m^-2·a^-1 C, respectively. The average annual flux of R_S of Primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest is higher than that of B.costata secondary forest, but the differences are not significant. The area of Xiaoxing'an Mountains is in the succession process of B.costata secondary forest, vegetation succession influence on soil respiration and its components is not obvious, and compared with environmental factor the temperature and humidity is much smaller.

Key words: succession, Primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest, Betula costata secondary forest, soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration, autotrophic respiration

中图分类号:

S791.247

耿兆鹏, 毛子军, 黄唯, 韩营营. 小兴安岭原始阔叶红松林与枫桦次生林土壤呼吸及其各组分特征的比较研究[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(2): 312-320.

GENG Zhao-Peng, MAO Zi-Jun, HUANG Wei, HAN Ying-Ying. Comparative Study on the Soil Respiration and Component Characteristics of Primary Broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest and Betula costata Secondary Forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountatins,China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(2): 312-320.

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