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    15 December 1998, Volume 18 Issue 4
    A SYNOPSIS OF TARAXACUM F. H. WIGG. (COMPOSITAE) FROM CHINA
    Ge Xue-jun, Ling Yeou-ruenn, Zhai Da-tong
    1998, 18(4):  377-397. 
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    The paper presents the classification, distribution and main uses of Taraxacum F.H.Wigg.in China, its phylogeny and floristic geography are also simply discussed.As authors research, there are 70 species and 1 variety, excluded dubious 7 species, of the genus in China and it is divided into 18 sections.Authors discuss the ancestor of the genus perhaps derived from that of Achyrophorus Scop.(-Hypochaeris L.p.p.), Pro-Achyrophorus, in Tertiary Period, the speciation center of it would be in the Ancient Mediterranean area, but the present distributional mass center of it is in C.&E.Europe -C.&E.Asia, although that distributes from N.temperate to subtropical zones and tropical south America.In our country it distributes mainly in N., N.-W.N.-E.&S.-W.China, a few in C.&E.China, but Hengduang-Himalayan Mts.is one of the special diversity center, where 14 species of the genus are distributed.
    A NEW VARIETY OF ANISACHNE GRACILIS FROM YUNNAN
    Qian Yi-yong
    1998, 18(4):  398-399. 
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    THE TAXONOMIC STUDY ON OXYTROPIS GLABRA (LAM.) DC. (LEGUMENOSAE)
    Qian Guan-ze, Liu Lian-fen, Huang Yong, Guo Shan-li
    1998, 18(4):  400-402. 
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    The author of this article studied the taxonomic problem of the species Oxytropis glabra(Lam.) DC., and pointed out that O.glabra(Lam.) DC.var.tannis Palib.——one of its varieties, which was written in some logical flores, was identified as an invalid name, because it was never given out, and the taxon it points is just O.glabra(Lam.) DC.itself.
    STUDY ON THE SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF LYCOPOD FROM JIANGXI
    Chen Shao-feng, Cheng Jing-fu, Zhao Ying-ying, Yu Yang-fan
    1998, 18(4):  403-406. 
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    In the paper, 8 species (including form) belonging to 3 genus, 2 families of Lycopod spores are examined under SEM.Three spore types are recognized in Lycopodiaceae, that is reticulate, granulate and rugate type.The foveolate type in Hyperziaceae is the common form of spore, but there are some difference among the five species (including form).
    STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMETOPHYTES OF FERNS FROM NORTH- EASTERN CHINA X. WOODISIACEAE
    Bao Wen-mei, Lin Xiao-hui, Wang Quan-xi, Aur Zhi-wen
    1998, 18(4):  407-413. 
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    The whole processes of the gametophytes development of 4 species belonging to 2 genera in Woodsiaceae from northeastern China were cultured and comparatively studied.As the characteristics of gametophytes are recognized, the found of a family is reasonable.And there are also distinctive differences among the genera and species in the family.The spores germination are of the Vittaria-type (Nayar & Kaur 1971).The germ filaments are 5-9 cells long, uniserate, acute or atteunate and terminated into hairs.A apical meristemic cell is formed laterally behind the hair from the filament and divides obliquely.The prothallial development are of the Aspidium-type (Nayar & Kaur 1971).The prothalli are hairy and cordata.In Protowoodsia germ filament is 5 cells long, acute.The hairs with persistent extracellular secretions occur marginally on the prothallus.Antheridium is cylindrical globose.And in Woodsia germ filaments 7-9 cells long, attenuate.Extracellualr secretions of the hair deciduous.Antheridium globose to long globose.Filament 7 cells long, hair club-shaped, marginal hairs on the top of the lobe in Woodsia subcordata.Filament 8 cells long, hair long club-shaped, marginal hairs distributed regularly in W.intermedia.Filament 9 cells long, hair short club-shaped, marginal hairs distributed profusely and irregularly in W.polystichoides.As mention above the unique characteristic specially the germ filament acute or attenuate are apparent clear, Separating it from Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Athyriaceae etc.is also supported by the development of gametophytes.
    STUDY ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF POLYGONATUM FROM ANHUI,CHINA
    Zheng Yan, Sun Ye-gen, Wang Yang, Shao Jian-zhang, Zhang Ding-Cheng
    1998, 18(4):  414-417. 
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    Pollen grains of seven species of Polygomatum from Anhui were observed under LM and SEM.The results showed that the pollen grains were bilateral symmetry, navicular, monocolpate, tiny hole ornamentation and (21.5-57.9)×(18.9-31.0)μm in size.It was irregular in shape and size of mesh.The feature of exine should be considered when the species distinguished.
    STUDY ON SELECTION AND SYNTHETIC PROCEDURE OF TRITITRIGIA
    Gao Zhi, Han Fang-pu, Zhang Yan-bin, Qi Shi-yu
    1998, 18(4):  418-421. 
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    In this paper, the synthetic procedure of octoploid Trititrigia from t.aestivum×Th.intermedium and hexaploid Trititrigia from T.durum×Th.intermedium were revealed by systematic cytogenetic studies.We detected the chromosome constitution of Trititrigia by using fluorescence in situ hybridization.The results indicated that the production of Trititrigia is related to the unreduced gametes and the pivotal genomes of the BC1F1 plants.
    TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF GUS GENE DELIVERED INTO DE-EXINED POLLEN IN NICOTIANA TABACUM BY MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT
    Wang Jin, Shi Hua-zhong, Zhou Chang, Yang Hong-yuan, Zhang Xian-long, Zhang Rong-de
    1998, 18(4):  422-427. 
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    As a part of our research to develop an alternative system for gene transformation we investigated the possible usage of de-exined pollen(DEP)as a foreign gene vector in comparision with the control intact pollen(IP).Bombardment of β-glucuronidase(GUS)gene controlled by pollen-specific promoter Zml3-260 into the both kinds of pollen of Nicotiana tabacum resulted in transient expression of GUS gene.No activity of CaMV35S promoter was detected in both cases.The results showed that under optimal bombardment conditions, ie.6cm of bombardment distance and 900psi of rupture disk pressure, the frequency of transient GUS gene expression was 0.45% in the DEP, six times higher than the control, indicating that DEP responded much better to foreign gene transfer than IP.Cytological observations on GUS-expressed pollen showed that introduced gold particles were visible in the cytoplasm, vegetative nucleus as were as the generative nucleus.
    STUDY OF LIMESTONE SEASONAL RAIN FOREST CLASSIFICATION IN GUANGXI
    Wang Xian-pu, Sun Shi-zhou, Li Xin-xian
    1998, 18(4):  428-460. 
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    A large area of limestone mountain is occupied in southw estern Guangxi, in which there is a special limestone seasonal rain forest differing from seasonal rain forest in acid soil mountain formed by sandstone, shale or granite.The paper is mainly engaged in research of its classification and geographical distributional law.Apreliminary classification system is described as follows:1 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by Tiliaceae and other families 1.1 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu and Cephalomappa sinensis 1.2 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu and Garcinia paucinervis 1.3 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu, Canthium dicoccum and Boniodendron minor 1.4 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu and Cinnamomum saxatile 1.5 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu and Miliusa glochidioides 1.6 Formation dominated by Burretiodendron hsienmu and Cyclobalanopsis glauca 1.7 Formation dominated by single species -Burretiodendron hsienmu 2 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by Euphorbiaceae 2.1 Cephalomappa sinensis Formation 2.2 Deutzianthus tonkinensis Formation 2.3 Bischofia javanica Formation 2.4 Cleistanthus saichikii Formation 3 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by Leguminosae 3.1 Lysidice rhodostegia Formation 3.2 Saraca chinensis Formation 4 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by Ulmaceae and other families 4.1 Formation dominated by Giro nniera subaequalis and Aphanamixis grandifolia 5 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by My risticaceae 5.1 Horsfieldia hainanensis Formation 6 Limestone seasonal rain forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae 6.1 Shorea chinensis Formation
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORMONE CONTENT AND GROWTH IN LARIX OLGENSIS HENRY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EARLY SELECTION
    Feng Yu-long, Wang Li-hua, Wang Wen-zhang, Ao Hong
    1998, 18(4):  461-467. 
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    Hormone content of L.olgensis of different provenances was measured with indirect ELISA in different season.Hormone content was different in different season.At fast growth stage, the content of gibberellic acid, cytokinin, and auxin was higher, abscisic acid content was lower, and gibberellic acid/abscisic acid ratio was bigger; while at slow growth stage, the condition was opposite.The diversity of hormone content of L.olgensis of different provenances was striking, and closely related to the diversity of growth properties.In provenances growing fast, content of gibberellic acid, cytokinin was higher, abscisic acid content was lower, and gibberellic acid/abscisic acid ratio was bigger; while in provenances growing slowly, the condition was opposite.Regressive analysis showed that content of gibberellic acid and cytokinin, gibberellic acid/abscisic acid ratio had remarkable positive correlation with growth of L.olgensis of different provenances; abscisic acid content had remarkable negative correlation with growth.Hormone content could be used as a physiology and biochemistry index in L.olgensis selection.
    ANALYSIS ON TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS OF LARIX IN NORTHEAST OF CHINA Ⅱ——GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF SEED SCALES AND NEEDLE LEAVES
    Shi Fu-chen, Nie Jiang-cheng, Wang Zhi-xi
    1998, 18(4):  468-471. 
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    Larix are often considered to have two species in northeast of China.But the statistic analysis of the shape of seed scales, number of normal seed scales and the length of needle leaves indicates:There are geographic differences and marked continuous variation features in all above characters.It demonstrated that:Larix that distributes in Changbai mountain and east area is later than Larix gmelinii in origin.In fact it is a geographic variation species of Larix gmelinii in northeast area.
    STUDY ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF GORDONIA ACUMINATA COMMUNITIES ON JINYUN MOUNTAIN,CHONGQING
    Ke Wen-shan, Zhong Zhang-cheng, Wang Hui-ping
    1998, 18(4):  472-477. 
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    Used with the method of rarefraction curve and diversity indexes (Shannon-Weaver's (H') and Plelou's (J')), species richness, diversity and species evenness were analyzed in three Cordonia acuminata communities of Jinyun mountain in Chongqing.The results show that the values of species richness, H' and J' in three G.acuminata communities are in following order:evergreen broad-leaved community (Ⅰ) > mixed coniferous and broad-leaved community (Ⅱ) > pure community (Ⅲ).The diversity of herb stratum in three communities is highest and that of tree stratum is lowest.Species richness in the community is higher related with herb strtum.H' and J' are higher related with tree and shrub stratum.The light transparence of community and other environment conditions can affect diversity.During succession of communities from Ⅱ to Ⅲ, and to Ⅰ, the diversity shows:high→low→high.
    BOTANICAL GARDEN, THE RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUNDS OF THE PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND THE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY——THE GUIDANCE SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTANICAL GARDEN AND THE SCIENCE RESEARCH ON BOTANY FROM THE INSPIRATION,“THE GREAT SYSTEM”
    Ling Yeou-ruenn
    1998, 18(4):  478-486. 
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    In the paper, the author presents no matter what research fields or programs of sciences can't strengthen and succeed if it does not get the exchange of the energy, substance and information with other fields, so called "the Great System" of the world.As an example of Botanical Gardens, BGs, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the author show s, now, the target of BGs should be the research and experimental ground for the Plant Systematic and the Engineering and Technology.It is included the fields for carrying various disciplines of botanical research closely collabo rated with the institute of botany, especially researching the Biodiversity conservation, giving the popular education and teaching of Botany and Environment Sciences for the people.Besides, it is also the Ground for "Landscape Ecology" tourism for the community and gardening nursery for furnishing plant stocks for the people.The South China Botanical Garden, SCBG, is an important regional or national (some are international)comprehensive research and experimental ground for above mentioned fields, incl.the macro and microscopic aspects, theoretical and applied botany, and the valuable economic botany in the developments of regionalor local social economy and humanities, and the ground for conserving and cultivating the regional precious, rare, endangered and endemic plants, and to research the reasons of the endangerness and the factors of its disposition and to find the methods for propag ating them.It also researches the macro or micro regional environment protection, keeping there a green, beautified, purified and exquisite and ecobalance environment.Besides, it popularizes the education on Botany, Environment Science and its relation with other natural and social sciences, incl.patriotism education, and serving to the tourists with and exquisite and a health rest place.In the paper, the author give an "Addendum" that he is the only taxonomist in China to research Artemisia L.(Compositae), which was published in Fl.RPS.76(2), of China first.Later he got new energy, substance and information from "the Great System" inside and outside of China.Now the expanded the work, incl.Plant Taxonomy and Pharmaceutical Botany, also published book, titled A New Compendium of Materia Medica, in which more than 1, 700 medicinal plants were described according to the taxonomic system, and its uses among the people in China, and published other 24 cooperated books as one coauthor.Besides, 70 research articles and 60 popular papers were also published.In those papers, not only the Taxonomy, but also the speciation, evolution, floristic geography and uses of the genus, Artemisia L.with its allies, and even the family, Compositae in China and in the world were researched and discussed.
    STUDY ON POPULATION FECUNDITY SCHEDULES OF ADENOPHORA LOBOPHYLLA, AN ENDANGERED SPECIES
    Zhang Wen-hui, Zu Yuan-gang
    1998, 18(4):  487-496. 
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    The fecundity schedules of the whole population and 4 different populations at altitude 2300-2400m, 2700-2900m,2900-3100m,3100-3400m were compiled respectively based on the number of seeds and the number of seedlings at one year old.Two kinds of fecundity schedules and their population dynamic parameters, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm),the finite rate of natural increase (λ), the net and gross reproductive rates (Ro, G) etc.were compared and analyzed.The population reproductive ecological characteristics and the population dynamics tendency have been discussed.The reproductive parameters of population,the net and gross reproductive rate(Rosd,Gsd)from the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds show that A.lobophylla population has the stronger ability to yield the seeds, especially in the favorable condition.However, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rmsg),the finite rate of natural increase(λsg),the net and gross reproductive rate (Rosg, Gsg)from the fecundity schedule on the number of seedlings at one year old suggest that the whole A.lobophylla population is declining slowly.There are differences among the populations:the population at altitude 2300-2400m in the better water condition and the population at altitude 2900-3100m perform the stable characteristics (rmsg=0.0000,λsg=1.0000),while the populations at altitude 2700-2900m,3100-3400m perform the slowly declining characteristics(rmsg=-0.0001,λsg=0.9999).Comparing with 2 kinds of the fecundity schedules, the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds can show the population reproductive characteristics to produce the seeds.Whereas the fecundity schedules on the number of seedlings at one year old can be successful to explain the population dynamic tendency because it includes the information from the ecological process of seed bank in soil.Therefore, it is necessary that 2 kinds of the fecundity schedules should be used together when explaining the population dynamic and reproductive ecological characteristics.