ON THE PRIMARY STUDY OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND FLORISTICS OF COMPOSITAE FROM CHINA
Ling Yeou-ruenn
1997, 17(1):
6-27.
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The Phylogeny of Genera of Compositae in China, which is the sister paper, On the Primary Study of the Systematics and Floristics of Compositae (in the World) in 1993, is dedicated, and the Floristic Elements of Geography of it in China is also offered. There are 240 genera, in which 24 were introduced and cultivated for a long time, in China, and it is included in two subfamilies, 5 supertribes and 11 tribes. In the genera 7 are the world-wide distributions, 19 are the pantropic or to warm subtropic, or N. hemispheric-Africal (Eurasia-N. America -Africa) distributional genera, 32 genera are Asia-N. America, Asia-Pacific, Asia-Africa, or Asia discontinuous distributions with other 2 continents, 28 are the Mediterranean-E. or S. Asia distributional genera, 12 genera are Eurasia distribution and 14 genera are N. Temperate-wide distribution, 45 genera are C. Asian, or C. Asian-Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Himalayan Mts. distributions, 5 are Asian Tropic or warm subtropic distributional genera, 19 are N. E. Asia, and 6 are Asia-wide distributional genera. Besides, there are 29 endemic genera in China. It is obvious, the floristic characteres of geography are:1. The Floristic Elements of Geography of Compositae in China are with rich continental distributional or discontinuously distributional genera, and both of which are 112 genera in China, and in it 86 genera are with tropic relationship in Floristics; 2. There are 75 genera, which distribute in both China and other Asian countries, especially with C. Asian countries or the C. Asia-Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Himalayn Mts. distributions, latter are contained 45 genera. Besides, there are 28 genera, which distribute in the Mediterranean and also in China, and 3. There are 29 endemic genera in China, especially in Hengduang-Himalayan Mts. areas, where 13 genera are contained. It is, perhaps, migrated into Asia, then to China and diverged many genera and species, incl. the regional endemic genera and species, from the ancestors of tribes and genera of Compositae from speciation centre before or in Tertiary Period. Most of the ancestors of genera of Trib. Heliantheae, Inuleae, Eupatorieae, Senecioneae, Vernonieae and Mutisieae were migrated along the Gondwana Land, via S. America, S. Africa, Australia and also S. Asia, where the ancestor entered into S. and S.-E. China, a few genera of above tribes migrated along Laurasia Land, through N.-W. America into N. Asia, then to N. or N.-E. China. But the ancestors of genera of Trib. Anthemideae and Astereae were mainly migrated from speciation centre along Laurasia Land and via N.-W. America into N. Asia, only a few ancestors of the tribes migrated into Europe and some genera migrated along Gondwana Land into S. America Australia, and S. Asia, and distributed in S., S.-E. and S.-W. China. Besides, the ancestors of Trib. Calenduleae, Cynareae and Cichorieae migrated mainly along Gondwana Land, but in Africa, through the Mediterranean, C. Asia or S.-W. Asia into China. Those genera are distributed mainly in N.-W. and S.-W. China, except a few more widely distributional genera, which are also distributed in N.-E. and S.-E. China.
