Loading...
Welcome to Bulletin of Botanical Research! Today is Share:

Table of Content

    15 March 1991, Volume 11 Issue 1
    THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE MEDICINAL ARTEMISIA IN EARLY CHINESE PHARMACOPOEIAS
    Ling Yeou-ruenn
    1991, 11(1):  1-24. 
    Asbtract ( 685 )   PDF (1836KB) ( 785 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In Early Chinese Phatmacopoeias o' Herbals many medicinal Artemisia, which named "Ai" or "Hao" in Chinese, had been introduced. But they hadn't scientific nomenclatures, in which so much were confused. According to the examinations, "Bai-Hao" (white Artemisia, terrestrial) (Tab. 1:3.5:1), "Ai" (Tab. 6:3, 4), "Bai-Ai" (Tab. 2:1), "Ai-Hao", "Ye-Ai-Hao" (wild Artemisia) (Tab. 5:3, 4) from "Shen Nong Bencao Jing" (Shen Nong's Canon of Materia Medica, about 100-180 A. D., SNCMM), Su Jing, "Tang Xin Xiu Bencao" (The Official Pharmacopoeia in Tang Dynasty, 659 A. D., TOP), Tang Shen-wei, "Zheng Lei Bencao" (revised) (Classified Materia Medica, revised 1249 A. D., CLMM), even in Li Shi-zhen, "Bencao Gan Mu" (Compendium of Materia Medica, 1596 A. D., CMM) and Wu Qi-jun, "Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tucao" (Illustrated Handbook of Plants, 1848, IHP) are the compound names of the species of Artemisia L., which included A. Argyi Lèvl. & Van. and its allies——A. lavandulaefolia DC., A. verlolorum Lamotte, A. mongolica (Fisch. ex Bess.) Nakai, A. leucophylla Turcz. ex Bess., A. igniaria Maxim., A. verbenacea (Komar.) Kitag., A. indica Willd. and A. princeps Pamp. etc. All of them have the similar characters, such as leaves 1-2-pinnately parted or divided, with white arachnoid hairs at abaxial surface and with similar properties and functi-ons for the drugs. Besides, they distribute mainly in the central and lower valleys of the Huang and Yangtze Rivers. But "Bai-Hao" named in Ai Cheng, "Da Guang Bencao" (Pharmacopoeia in Da Guang of Song Dynasty, 1108 A. D., PDG) should be A. sacrorum Ledeb., and that named in Zhu Su, "Jiu Huang Bencao" (Herbals for foods, 1588 A. D., HF) should be A. scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (Tab.5:2) Besides, "Ai-Ye", "Jia-Ai" (family Artemisia), "Qi-Ai" in above herbals are the same, which was named A. argyi Lévl. & Van. cv. qiai. Most of "Bai-Hao" (white Artemisia, watery), "Shui-Hao" (watery Artemisia), "Liu-Ye-Hao", (Tab. 6:2), "Lou-Hao" (Tab.6:1) and "Lu-hao", are A. selengensis Turcz. ex Bess. and its variety-var. shansiensis Y. R. Ling, in which it's serrulateless along leaf-margine."Liu-Wei-Hao" in CMM and in IHP are both two species of Artemisia L.——A. dubia Wall. ex Bess. (Tab. 7:1) and A. lancea Van. (Tab. 7:2)."Cao-Hao", "Qing-Hao", (Tab. 2:4, 7:4), except a part of the species with yellowish and greenish florets, "Huang-Hua-Hao" (Tab. 1:1, 7:3), "Xiang-Hao" (fragrant Artemisia), "Chou-Hao" (stink Artemisia), "Xun-Hao", all are Artemisia annua L. Only a part of "Qing-Hao", with yellowish or greenish florets, perhaps is A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (——A. apiacea Hance), which is different from the medicinal "Qing-Hao"——A. annua L. But the species of "Qing-Hao" and "Huang-Hua-Hao" in CMM and IHP (Tab. 1:1, 2:4, 7:3, 4) are the same, A. annua L., in which, as fact. sa-called "Qing-Hao" (Tab. 2:4, 7:4) were confuced by A. annua L. with the insect-galls on the leaves, branches and stem, to A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., which is so-called "Qing-Hao" in HF and in Bao Shan's "Ye Cai Bo Lu" (Herbals for vegetables, 1622 A. D., HV) (Tab.8:2) are different from the species in CMM and IHP (Tab. 3:3, 8:1).It's A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. in HF and HV, and it's perhaps Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson with umbel inflorescences in CMM and IHP. "Yin-Chen-Hao", incl. "Xi-Yin-Chen" (from the west), "Bei-Yin-Chen"(from the north), "Shan-Yin-Chen" (from the wild), "Shi-Yin-Chen"(from the stony areas), "Mian-Yin-Chen" (tomentose), "Gia-Yin-Chen" (from family), "Peng-Hao", "Ye-Ton-Hao" (Tab. 9:1, 2), "Zi-Xiang-Hao" (Tab.8:4), most of them are A. capillaris Thunb. and A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit. Both are the well-known drugs in common use, curing the hepatitis and cholecystitis. But the species of a part of "Yin-Chen" (Tab. 2:2, 8:3), which were in CMM and IHP, and in Han Bao-sheng, "Shu Bencao"(Herbals in Sichuan, 934 A. D.) are A. sacrorum Ledeb. and in CLMM so-called "Jiangninfu Yin-Chen" (Tab. 4:4) is Mentha haplocalyx Briq. "Mu-Hao" (Tab. 4:2, 9:3), "Qi-Tou-Hao", "Shui-La-Cai" in TOP, CMM, IHP and other herbals are all Artemisia japonica Thunb. "An-Lü", "An-Lü-Hao" have been considered A. keiskeana Miq. But in CMM and IHP, "An-Lü" (Tab. 3:2, 9:4) should be A. indica Willd. "Liu-Ji-Nu", "Jin-Ji-Nu" in TOP should A. anomala S. Moore. But the original species in CMM and a part of the species in IHP (Tab. 3:4, 10:1) should be Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. or E. Chinese L. and another species, in IHP (Tab. 10:5) should be Artemisia lactiflora Wall, ex DC.
    Besides, there are some so-called "Ai" or "Hao", which do not belong to Artemisia L., but other genera of Compositae or other families in the herbals, for examples, "Qiang-Nian-Ai"(Tab. 2:3, 10:3)——Crossostephium Chinese (Linn.) Makino ex Cham. & Schlecht.; "Ton-Hao" (Tab. 3:1, 10:4)——Chrysanthemum coronarium L. var. spatiosum Bailey; "Tie-Gan-Hao" (Tab. 11:1)——Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz.; "Lin-Hao", "E-Hao" and "Luo-Hao"(Tab. 1:4, 11:2)——Descurainia Sophia (L.) Webb; "Ma-Xian- Hao", "Jiao-Hao"(Tab. 1:2, 4:1)——Incarvillea sinensis Lam.
    NOTUIAE DE ROSACEIS HEBEIENSIBUS
    Huang Jin-xiang, Sun Li-Yuan, Feng Tian-jie
    1991, 11(1):  25-27. 
    Asbtract ( 476 )   PDF (200KB) ( 263 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A NEW SPECIES OF OROSTACHYS FROM ANHUI
    Liu Xiao-long, Guo Xin-hu
    1991, 11(1):  29-31. 
    Asbtract ( 486 )   PDF (184KB) ( 324 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    TWO NEW SPECIES OF ALLIUM FROM SICHUAN
    Zhu Zheng-yin
    1991, 11(1):  33-35. 
    Asbtract ( 475 )   PDF (215KB) ( 268 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A NEW SPECIES OF SPARGANIUM
    Yu Dan, Yang Guo-ting
    1991, 11(1):  37-39. 
    Asbtract ( 483 )   PDF (145KB) ( 238 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CARDAMINE FROM ANHUI
    Zhang Ding-cheng
    1991, 11(1):  41-43. 
    Asbtract ( 495 )   PDF (171KB) ( 268 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A REVISION OF THE ANDROGRAPHIS(ACANTHACEAE) OF CHINA
    Chu Hua
    1991, 11(1):  45-48. 
    Asbtract ( 634 )   PDF (284KB) ( 340 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The present paper makes a revision of the genus Andrographis of China The name Andrographis sinensis Lo is a synonym of the new combination Gymnostachyum sinense (Lo) H. Chu and the names Haplanthoides yunnanensis H. W. Li and Andrographis monglunensis Chang et H. Chu are synonyms of the new combination Andrographis laxiflora (B1.) Lindau var. glomeruliflora (Bremek.) H. Chu. A mis-identified species in C. Y. Wu, Index Flora of Yunnan is also revised.
    BLEPHARIS JUSS. (ACANTHACEAE), A NEW RECORD GENUS FROM CHINA
    Xing Fu-wu, Li Ze-xian
    1991, 11(1):  49-51. 
    Asbtract ( 568 )   PDF (200KB) ( 229 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Blepharis Juss. (Acanthaceae) is reported for the first time in China. The detailed description and distribution of the genus and species (B. maderaspatensis (Linn.) Roth.) are presented.
    NEW PLANTS OF RUBUS L. AND ROSA L
    Yu Zhi-xiong
    1991, 11(1):  53-54. 
    Asbtract ( 597 )   PDF (100KB) ( 267 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A NEW FORM OF PAPAVER PAVONINUM SCHRENK
    Ge Xue-Jun
    1991, 11(1):  55-55. 
    Asbtract ( 655 )   PDF (59KB) ( 221 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A NEW FORM OF CRATAEGUS CUNEATA SIEB. ET ZUCC
    Qian Shi-xin
    1991, 11(1):  57-57. 
    Asbtract ( 495 )   PDF (58KB) ( 207 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    FOUR NEW FORMS OF POPULUS TOMENTOSA CARR
    Cha Tien-bung, Chen Zhi-xiu, Liu Jian-wei, Sung Liu-gao, Zhao Cui-hua
    1991, 11(1):  59-64. 
    Asbtract ( 498 )   PDF (971KB) ( 240 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A NEW RECORD GENUS OF STYRACACEAE IN CHINA——BRUINSMIA BOERL.ET KOORD
    Fan Guo-Sheng
    1991, 11(1):  66-67. 
    Asbtract ( 512 )   PDF (189KB) ( 217 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    NOTES ON THE CHINESE VIOLACEAE (Ⅱ)——CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME VIOLETS OF CHINA
    Sun Kun, Wang Ching-jui
    1991, 11(1):  69-72. 
    Asbtract ( 484 )   PDF (688KB) ( 275 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The present paper reports the mitotic chromosome numbers of 9 species of the genus Viola in China, of which 5 species are new records. The res-ults are as follows:V. biflora L. 2n=12; V. kunawarensis Royle 2n=20; V. prionantha Bunge 2n=48; V. tenuicornis W. Bckr. 2n=24; V. monbeigii W.Bckr. 2n=24; V. inconspicua B1. 2n=24; V. bulbosa Maxim. 2n=24; V. dissecta Ledeb. 2n=24; V. chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Bckr. 2n=24.#br#The chromosome numbers of these species correlate with the shapes of their stigma. The chromosome numbers of several species in Sect. Adnatae are 2n=24, only V. prionantha Bunge is 2n=48. V. kunawarcnsis Roylc which was located in Sect. Adnalae in the Past time has a convex style without margin. Its chromosome number 2n=20 is not identical with Sect. Adnalae Juz., too. The authors think that this species should belong to Soct. Tri-gonocarpae Godr. rather than Sect. Adnatae J. Sect. Pinnala (W. Bckr.) C. J. Wang has the same numbers as Sect. Adnatae.
    STUDIES ON THE SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF LUNATHYRIUM KOIDZ. IN SHANDONG
    Li Jian-xiu, Wang Yan-ying, Zhou Feng-qin, Li Jing
    1991, 11(1):  73-77. 
    Asbtract ( 466 )   PDF (831KB) ( 296 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    This paper reports the morphological characters of the spores of three species of Lunathyrium Koidz. (L. pycnosorum (Christ)) Koidz.; L. acrostichoides (Sw.) Ching; L. shandongense J. X. Li et F. Z. Li) distri-buted in Shandong province. The spores were observed by light micros-cope and scanning electron microscope. The spore morphology, especially the characters of the ornamentation, of the genus varies remarkably with species. Thus a palynological evidence for the taxonomy of the genus may be provided.
    STUDIES ON THE SECONDARY VASCULAR TISSUE IN THE STEM OF ACTINIDIA ARGUTA (SIEB. ET ZUCC.) PLANCH EX MIQUEL
    Wang Li-jun, Zhang You-min, Zhong Yan, Gu An-gen
    1991, 11(1):  79-83. 
    Asbtract ( 630 )   PDF (819KB) ( 334 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The secondary vascular tissue in the stem of Actinidia arguta is made an exhaustive study by the author. The results are as follows: its wood is belongs to seri-ring porous wood, the bottom wall of vessel in the se-coridary xylem is sloping with scalariform perforation plates, wood parenchyma is numerous, it has not only apotracheal but also paratracheal, this discoveries and to the parenchyma type of Actinidiaceae; the wood rays are hetergeneous Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and it has linked rays. The sieve tube of the secondary phloem is the dicotyledon wood type, the sieve tube is with compound sieve plate without companion cell. As observing the secondary vascular tissue in the stem of A. arguta it is compared with the others in the genus Actinidia and determined, the type of the wood rays and wood parenchyma, it is the first to observe its secondary phloem that is dicotyledon wood type. This prvide the secondary vascular tissue of the Actinidiaceae with a new kind of anatomical material.
    STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF HEMEROCALLIS IN NORTHWEST CHINA
    Kong Hong, Wang Ching-jui
    1991, 11(1):  85-90. 
    Asbtract ( 535 )   PDF (1317KB) ( 270 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Pollen grains of 6 species and 1 variety of Hemerocallis were examined by LM and SEM. Pollen morphology is more or less different for each species. It shows interspecific pollen morphology of Hemerocallis in Nor-thwest is significant for classification. By making a study of them, 6 species and 1 variety can be divided naturally into two groups. The first group consists of Hemerecallis minor Mill., H. esculenta Koidz. and H. ci-trina Baroni. The second one includes H. plicala Stapf, H. fulva (L.) L., H. fulva var. kwanso Regel and H. lilio-asphodelus L. emend. Hyland.#br#There is the difference for pollen morphology of H. minor and H. lilio-asphodelus. Evidence shows it is improper that H. minor was designated as a variety of H. lilio-asphodelus.
    STUDIES ON THE WOODY FLORISTIC COMPONENTS AND CHARACTERS OF JIANGXI
    Xie Guo-wen
    1991, 11(1):  91-99. 
    Asbtract ( 470 )   PDF (717KB) ( 394 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Jiangxi province located in the southeast of China, is an ancient regionin geological history. Since the Mesozoic Period, it has kept relatively stable and advant ageous physical conditions. Its flora didn't suffered dan-ger by the glacier during the Quaternary, therefore, the plant species are very rich, and a great number of relic, ancient and primitive elements have been conserved.#br#This paper studies the origin and development of the flora in geologi-cal periods, the flora may be origined chiefly from an ancient tropical flo-ra of the Mesozoic, and second from the Holarctic flora. There are about 2000 species of the wild woody Plants in the flora, belonging to 102 families and 430 genera. The geographical elements are chiefly composed of the distribution types of Tropical Asia, the Pantropic, Eastern Asia and the North Temperate one. Based on a careful statistics and analysis of various elements, some characters of present woody flora in Jiangxi can be sum-marized as follows:#br#(1) Geographical elements are very complex, which can be divided into 10 distribution types of families (Tab1e 1) and 15 distribution types of genera (Table 3). It is to related extensiyely with most parts of the world.#br#(2) The origin of the flora is ancient and the relic woody Plants are numerous, such as Ginkgo, Podocarpus, Abies, Pseudolarix, Liriodendron, Disanthus, etc. Most of them are monotypic genera of the ancient and relic.#br#(3) The tropic elements are possessed of dominant position, and endemism is relatively high. The tropic families and genera comprise the grea-test proportion of the flora, respectively 72.83%, 52.59%. There are many endemic elements in the flora, with 4 families and 30 genera endemic in China, and also with a gro umber of endemic species in China, thirty endemic species and more in Jiangxi only.#br#(4) Being the floristic convergent and transition from south to north in China, Jiangxi is the north border of the tropical genera, such as Reeve-sia, Anneslea, Musa, etc., and also is the south limit of the strict temperate genera, such as Betula, Fagus, Alnus, etc. The flora has some evident flora features of centre subtropical one in E. China. It is the most closely related to the adjacent flora of Zhejiang flora, and with richness of the common elements, which are many endemic elements to flora of E. China, such as Magnolia amoena, Stewartia gemmata, Sorbus amabilis, etc.#br#(5) The flora is abundant in the rare and imminent extinction plants, because a number of forest have been cut down. We must take effective measures to protect them.
    SYSTEMATIC NOTES AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS SALSOLA L
    Liu Jian-guo
    1991, 11(1):  101-107. 
    Asbtract ( 514 )   PDF (506KB) ( 283 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The paper is a report on the revised system of the genus Salsola L. by V. Botschantzev and certain problems of the origin, differentiation and distributions of the genus Salsola.#br#The genus Salsola L. comprising 27 species in northwestern deserts of Chiaa, is grouped into 6 sections:Sect. Caroxylon (Thunb.) Fenzl, Sect. Malpigipila Botsch., Sect. Cardiandra Aellen, Sect. Arbuscula Ulbrich, Sect. Coccosalsola Fenzl an Sect. Salsola. The most ancient section, Sect, Caroxylon is assumed to originate as early as in the Oligocene Miocene on South Africa. In the Pliocene it penetrated into the region of Red Sea and the process of intense speciation occured there gave bosth the fruticose species of the sections Malpigipila, Belanthera, Arbuscula and Coccosalsola. Later in Asia, a new period of intense speciation resulted in the origin of annual species of the above mentioaed sections, as well as the sections Cardiandra and Salsola comprising only annual species.
    BIOSYSTEMAICAL STUDIES ON NORTHEAST CHINA VICIA L.Ⅰ.CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE OF TAXONOMY
    Li Rui-jun, Liu Xiang-jun, Liu Mei, Liu Ming-yuan
    1991, 11(1):  109-114. 
    Asbtract ( 520 )   PDF (431KB) ( 313 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    This paper is a cytological part of biosystematical studies of all spec-ies of Vicia L. in Northeast, china Chromosome numbers are reported first.Results are as follows:V. cracca group. 2n=12; V. amurensis Oeft. 2n=12;V. amoena Fisch. ex DC. 2n=24; V. amoena var. oblongifolia Regel 2n=12;V. amoena var. sericea Kitag. 2n=12; V. geminiflora Trautv. 2n=14; V. japonica A. Gray 2n=24; V. pseudorobus Fisch. et C. A. Mey 2n=12; V. multicaulis Ledeb. 2n=12; V. venosa (Willd.)Maxim. 2n=12; V. ramuliflora (Maxim.) Ohwi 2n=12, 24; V. unijuga A. Br. 2n=12, 24.