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Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008 Vol.28
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Goodyera pendula
Maxim. A New Record of Orchidaceae from Mailand China
TIAN Huai-Zhen;CHUNG Shih-Wen;ZHENG Xi-Long;XING Fu-Wu*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 1-2. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.001
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2592
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Goodyera pendula
Maxim, previously only reported from Japan and Taiwan, is reported for the first time in mainland China. This species is characterized by growing mainly on the trank, inflorescence pendulous and then ascending like L-shape, with dense glandular hairs, densly flowered, all flowers one side, not fully opened. Specimens are preserved in Herbarium of South China Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC).
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Classification and Distribution of
Cyrtogonellum
from Limestone in Guangdong
WANG Fa-Guo;YE Yu-Shi;LIU Dong-Ming;XING Fu-Wu*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 3-4. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.002
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2383
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Cyrtogonellum
is a endemic fern genus that restricted to the limestone areas of SW China and N Vietnam. Four species are recohgnised from Guangdong Province and three of them are new records to this province, i.e.:
Cyrtogonellum emeiensis
Ching ex Y. T. Hsih,
C. falcilobum
Ching ex Y. T. Hsieh and
C. fraxinellum
(Christ) Ching. It is suggested that these species should be listed as national protected plants in China.
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A Correction of the Scientific Name of
Dryopteris bissetiana
(Baker) C. Chr. vs
Dryopteris setosa
(Thunb.) Akasawa in Chinese Fern Flora
ZHANG Xian-Chun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 5-6. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.003
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Dryopteris bissetiana
(Baker) C. Chr. is a rather common and well known fern in China. Unfortunately in the Chinese national flora (Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae), it is recorded by an illegitimate name, i.e.
Dryopteris setosa
(Thunb.) Akasawa. The application of the correct scientific name of this plant is resumed.
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Alleviative Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Root Growth Inhibition and Its Oxidative Damage in Rye Grass Seedlings Under NaCl Stress
LIU Jian-Xin;HU Hao-Bin;WANG Xin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 7-13. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.004
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(
2352
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Effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on root growth and its oxidative damage in rye grass (
Lolium perenne
L. caddieshack) seedlings under NaCl stress were studied. The results showed that with its concentration at 5~100 μmol·L
-1
sodium nitroprusside(SNP), an NO donor, could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of seedlings root Growth under 100 mmol·L
-1
NaCl stress, and 50 μmol·L
-1
SNP was most effective, but inhibited the root growth at 150 μmol·L
-1
or higher. SNP at 50 μmol·L
-1
raised the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catelase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), tonoplast H
+
-ATPase and H
+
-PPase of root- tips of rye grass seedling under 100 mmol·L
-1
NaCl stress, increased the contents of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA) and proline, K
+
/Na
+
and (Spd+Spm)/Put ratio, and dry matter accumulation, respectively, reduced the contents of O
-
2
, H
2
O
2
and malondiadehyde (MDA), while the effect wasn’t distinct when treated with 1 mmol·L
-1
NO scavenger(2-phenel-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, PTIO) and 1 mmol·L
-1
NaNO
2
(as control). The above results suggested that NO could attenuate the root growth inhibition and its oxidative damage caused by salt stress through increasing antixoidative and osmotic adjustment capabilities, accelerating the selective uptake of root to K
+
and the transformation Put into Spd and Spm, and decreasing Na
+
uptake and enhancing compartmentalization of Na
+
in vacuole.
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Studies on the development of embryo and endosperm and its influence on the germination of seeds of
Bupleurum chinense
CHEN Ying;CAI Xia*;HU Zheng-Hai;Tan Ling-Ling
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 14-19. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.005
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2648
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The development of embryo and endosperm and its influence on the germination of seeds of
Bupleurum chinense
were studied by means of paraffin section. The development of embryo belongs to the solanad type. The basal cell dose not divide again after the first transverse division, so the suspensor is not well developed and dissolved early. The development of the endosperm is of nuclear type. The division of primary endosperm nucleus is prior to that of zygote. According to the statistics of the embryo development stage after seeds were collected, it is found that in all the seeds observed, embryo of 20% of the seeds belong to globular proembryo stage, 70% is heart-shaped embryo, 10% is torpedo embryo stage. The results showed that the developmental stage of the embryo in the collected seeds of
Bupleurum chinense
is different and the seeds have morphological post-maturation. This is the main reason why the seeds of
Bupleurum chinense
are difficult to germinate and the ratio of germination is very low.
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Studies on the leaf epidermal micromorphology of
Sisymbrium
(Brassicaceae) from China
SUN Zhi-Ying;LI Fa-Zeng*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 20-24. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.006
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2728
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Leaf epidermis of 9 species and 1 variety of
Sisymbium
was investigated using light microscopy(LM). The main conclusions are as follows: The cells of the upper epidermis are usually polygonal, and the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight or arched, few slightly sinuolate. The cells of the lower epidermis are usually irregular and the patterns of anticlinal walls are sinuous or sinuate. The type of stomatal apparatuses is mainly anisocytic, rarely anomocytic and only occasionally paracytic. According to the leaf epidermal characters, the genus
Sisymbrium
from China can be divided into three types: (1) The upper epidermis has no or very few stomatal apparatuses. (2)The stomatal apparatuses of upper epidermis are usually gathered with 3 or 5 or arranged in short rows,and the stomatal density is less than that of the lower epidermis. (3) The stomatal apparatuses of upper epidermis are regularly dispersed, and the stomatal density is similar to that of lower epidermis.Leaf epidermis of 9 species and 1 variety of Sisymbium was investigated using light microscopy(LM). The main conclusions are as follows: The cells of the upper epidermis are usually polygonal, and the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight or arched, few slightly sinuolate. The cells of the lower epidermis are usually irregular and the patterns of anticlinal walls are sinuous or sinuate. The type of stomatal apparatuses is mainly anisocytic, rarely anomocytic and only occasionally paracytic. According to the leaf epidermal characters, the genus Sisymbrium from China can be divided into three types: (1) The upper epidermis has no or very few stomatal apparatuses. (2)The stomatal apparatuses of upper epidermis are usually gathered with 3 or 5 or arranged in short rows,and the stomatal density is less than that of the lower epidermis. (3) The stomatal apparatuses of upper epidermis are regularly dispersed, and the stomatal density is similar to that of lower epidermis.
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Anatomy Studies of Four Mosses in Glacier No.1 of Xinjiang
WANG Hong;JIANG Yan-Cheng*;SU Jun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 25-29. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.007
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(
2021
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Applied paraffin wax section and scanning electron microscopy to observing and analysing the inner structure of stems and leaf, the cuticular wrinkles, papillae and midrib of the leaf. The results indicate that transverse section of stem is mutirhomboidal, the cuticulas of cuticle and ventral are thicker in
Barbula asperifolia
Mitt., the scabrous papillae is unforked, while top parts tilt to cell cave, cell wall of cuticle like splay stoma, scabrous papillae locate in it and Midrib distinct process. Transverse section of stem of
Tortella humilis
(Hedw.) Jenn. is ellipse, cuticle and mid-top venter are covered densely by scabrous papillae which are forked and protrude from cell cave and form a cluster, bent like a hook at the top, papillae reduce little by little under the leaf, with midrib broadish. Transverse section of stem of
Mnium heterophyllum
(Hook.) Schwagr. is pentagon, leaf cell are single and present unregular hexagon, whereas cell wall dent and become reticulation and midrib is red. Transverse section of stem of
Hypnum plumaeforme
Wils. is round, the cuticle and venter of are covered densely by rugged papilla that there is no appreciable distinction between them, top part of all scabrous papillae bend and tilt to stoma, present shade. midrib is short and ebb.
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Anatomical Structures of Leaves and Taxonomic Values in
Iris
from the North of China
WANG Hong;SHEN Xiao-Hui*;GUO Ying
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 30-37. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.008
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Structural characters of leaf epidermis from 9 species in
Iris
from the North of China, such as the epidermal cells, the distribution of stomata, density of stomata and the stomata index, were investigated using light microcopy (LM), which aimed to study their taxonomic values between subgenus and subsection. The shape and size of the epidermal cells has taxonomic value that manifests the genetic relationship between different species,and has much systematic significance in distinguishing within difffenent section and subgenus in
Iris
L. Density and index of stomata has no systematicsignificance in distinguishing within subgenus in
Iris
L., but it can reflect their living environment. And from the results of epidermal structure,it confirmed a strong
genetic relationship between
I.
dichotoma
and
Belamcanda chinensi
,consistent with other anmatomy of leaves such as:vascular,the cross shape of leaf,stomata,crystal,mesophyll protoplast,size of gas chamber which reflect the connection between microstructure and living environment were also discussed.
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Micromorphological Features of Achene Surfaces of 16 Species Of Subgen
Saussurea
in the Eastern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
WANG Yi-Feng;*;WANG Jian-Hong;SHI Hai-Yan;GAO Hong-Yan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 38-42. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.009
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1786
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Micromorphological characteristics of achene surfaces were studied in 16 species belonging to 4 sections of Subgen
Saussurea
in Lipsh by the scanning electron microscope. These species were obtained from the eastern of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau fringe We got the results as follow, (1) According to micromorphological characteristics, the achene surface features can be divided into three types, striate ornamentation, septate striate ornamentation, and reticulate ornamentation. (2) The achene surface features were constant in infraspecific. At the same time, achene surface features of interspecies were similar in same section and distinctive in different ones. Therefore, it seemed to be useful to use micromorphological characteristics in Subgne
Saussurea
taxonomy both at species and sectional level.
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Effects of Cd,Pb and Their Combined Pollution on Physiological Indexes in Leaf of the
Hordeum vulgare
Seedling
ZHANG Yi-Xian;LI Xiao-Ke
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 43-46. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.010
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1957
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Effects of Cd,Pb and their combined pollution on physiological indexes in leaf of the
Hordeum vulgare
seedling were studied by the indoor cultivation experiments. The results showed that with the increase of Cd,Pb and Cd+Pb concentrations, content of soluble sugar increased first and decreased afterwards. In Cd,Pb single treatment condition, different concentrations Cd,Pb can make cellular membrane penetration(CMP) in leaf increase, relative conductance of leaf exosmosis liquids and content of proline ascended. Damnification of Cd+Pb combined treatment on CMP was higher than those of Cd,Pb single treatment, effect of low concentrations(5+50 mg·L
-1
) combined treatment on content of soluble sugar was higher than those of Cd,Pb single treatment. In different treatment time(3,5 d), Effects of all Cd+Pb combined treatment on content of proline in leaf were higher than those of Cd,Pb single treatment, toxicity of Cd in
H. vulgare
seedling was higher than that of Pb. However, toxicity of Cd+Pb combined treatment in
H. vulgare
seedling was higher than that of Cd,Pb single treatment, interaction mechanism of Cd,Pb was deserved further study.
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Reponses of Photosynthetic Capacities,Antioxidant Activities and Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Leaves of
Hevea brasiliensis
Tree to Jasmonic Acid
CHEN Jun-Wen;CAO Kun-Fang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 47-53. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.011
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1932
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Jasmonic acid (JA) were sprayed on the leaves of
Hevea brasiliensis
, and the photosynthetic capacities, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant metabolites as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes after treated by JA for 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h were measured. The results revealed that JA led to the decline in maximum net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The decline in photosynthetic capacity might be resulted from the JA-induced decreases in the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total soluble protein. Whereas, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) were increased after JA treatment. Meanwhile, the increases in H
2
O
2
levels could activate the antioxidant system. Therefore, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase were increased, and the cycles of ascrobate-glutathione were enhanced after the JA-induced increase in H
2
O
2
levels. However, the potential antioxidants of α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and total monoterpene were initially increased, and then decreased.
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Influence of Leaf Traits in Induced Gladiolus “Rose Supreme”by Electron Beam Irradiation
ZHANG Zhi-Wei;WANG Dan;Zheng Chun;Qiao Guang-Ming;Jia Ju-Qing;Zhao Jun-Ling
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 54-58. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.012
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2270
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In order to test the feasibility of electron beam induced mutation on Gladiolus and the effects of various doses of electron beam on leaf traits. Electron beam was radiated on the corm of gladiolus “chaoji” with 3MeV energy and the effects of the treatment on M1 generation leaf traits were studied. The effect of electron beam on photosynthetic characteristics were investigated in experiments, and the results obtained from this experiment were as follows: low dose of electron beam had no obvious effects on the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,Sub-stomatal cavity CO
2
concentration and stomatal conductivity of CO
2
of M1 generation. With the increase of radiation dose, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity of CO
2
was obviously catalyzed and the difference had statistical significance (
p
<0.05). The effect of electron beam Irradiation on the Chlorophyll content in gladiolus was studied and the result showed chlorophyll content and the ratio of the Chlorophyll a/b of the gladiolus treated were changed. The chlorophyll a content was the highest at 240Gy than others and the difference had statistical significance (
p
<0.05). Comparing scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the leaf shapes of M1 generation with control and it showed that the structure both trichome and stomata was changed and the surface organize characteristic of leaf is obviously disorderly arranged. These results show that electron beam induction had influence on morphology and physiology of gladiolus leaf.
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The Genetic and Morphological Evidence for Sympatric Speciation Pattern of Paris from Emei Mountain
ZHANG Rui;WANG Li;TANG Ming-Xia;WENG Zhou
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 59-63. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.013
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2227
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Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the differentiation of 2 natural species (
Paris polyphylla
Smith var.
minora
S.F.Wang &
P. thibetica
Franch)of Paris of EMEI Mountain. AFLP analysis indicated that there were relatively high genetic comparability among the two species and high genetic differentiation of the
P. thibetica
Franch and
P. polyphylla
var.
minora
with in a geographical region. The flower of morphological diversity was detected among the two species of Paris in EMEI Mountain by morphological analysis.The results suggested that high genetic differentiation and morphological differentiation of the
P. thibetica
and
P. polyphylla
Smith var.
minora
in a geographical region.
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Relationship Analysis of Three species of
Porphyridium
by RAPD
LI Zhan;PANG Wan-Ting;WANG Quan-Xi*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 64-66. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.014
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2856
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The phylogenetic relationships of three species of
Porphyridium
,
Porphyridium aerugineum
755,
Porphyridium purpureum
806 and
Porphyridium cruentum
were analyzed by RAPD. Twenty-five random primers of high reproducible and stable quality were screened from 50 primers. There were 186 polymorphic fragments of 233 total fragments. The cluster analysis results were indicated as follows: The average genetic distance among
P. aerugineum
,
P. purpureum
and
P. cruentum
was 0.455. The genetic distance between
P. aerugineum
and
P. cruentum
was 0.556. The genetic distance between
P. purpureum
and
P. cruentum
was 0.396. The results show that RAPD technology can be used for genetic diversity researches in species of
Porphyridium
.
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Cloning and Characterization of
Beclin1
-ike Gene in
Eupatorium odoratum
L. buds
QI Chang-Qing;LIU Ying;WANG Li;LI Si-Bin;WANG Min;JANG Yang;ZU Yuan-Gang*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 67-72. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.015
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2487
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Beclin1
-like gene was cloned from three different growth periods flower buds of
Eupatorium odoratum
by RT-PCR method in this study. The homology between
Beclin1
-like gene (about 700bp) and
Beclin1
gene in tobacco leaves is 95%; Northern blotting result showed that the expression of
Beclin1
-like gene in the middle stage was higher than those in initial stages and dernier stage; the result of DNA ladder showed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) happened in the process of flower buds. All the results proved that PCD certainly happened with the tapetum degenerating and the pollen coming into being, which indicated the relationship between the aggressive process of
E. odoratum
and PCD in the process of the reproduction.
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Comparison of Seed Germination and Resistance in Two
Limonium
Seedlings under NaCl Treatment
YANG Ying-Li;ZHANG Chao-Qiang;LI Ke-Wen;WANG Lai;FAN Xiao-Feng;SUN Kun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 73-78. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.016
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The changes of physiological indexes were investigated in two halophytes,
Limonium aureum
(Linn.)Hill (Huanghua) and
L. gmelinii
(Willd.)Kuntze (Daye) treated with different NaCl concentration. The results showed that the germination of two
L. sinuatum
seeds was inhibited by NaCl in concentration-dependent manner. Compared to the control, there was decrease of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in Huanghua and Daye seedling leaves after 50、150、300 mmol·L
-1
NaCl treatment, and increase in the amount of H
2
O
2
and MDA. Soluble protein content was enhanced in two
L. sinuatum
leaves when exposed to lower NaCl concentration, but decreased to higher NaCl concentration. In addition, the inhibition of the seed germination and chlorophyll content induced by NaCl in Daye was stronger than in Huanghua, suggesting that the salt tolerance of Huanghua was higher than that of Daye.
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Preliminary Study of Anther Culture of
Platycodon grandiflorum
WU Jing-Ji;WU Ji-Ri*;WU Song-Quan;YAN Yi-Zi;WANG Li-Ping
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 79-81. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.017
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1906
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Pollen of
Platycodon grandiflorum
growing to monokaryotic stage was inoculated in six different culture medium and induced callus, the induced callus was transfered in differentiation culture, trying to get haploidy. The results showed that the culture medium of the highest induced rate of callus was N
6
+ 2,4-D 0.2 mg·L
-1
+ 6-BA1.0 mg·L
-1
and induced rate was 89.6%, the highest differentiation rate was 58.4% in the culture of N
6
+ 6-BA1.0 mg·L
-1
+ NAA0.5 mg·L
-1
, puny green plant in differentiation was haploidy with the result of chromosome number of root.
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An Improving Method for Observation of the Stomata on Monocotyledon
FENG Tao;HU Dong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 82-84. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.018
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2830
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We have built an efficient method to observe the stomata of monocotyledon by improving the traditional one. In this way, it is easy to distinguish the upper from the lower side of plant epidermis and pike a proper point precisely. Moreover, the new method is convenient with good credibility and stability. The stomatal parameter was gained exactly in this way in our experiment, which provides a certain reference for research of the botany and ecology.
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Effects of Population Dentisy on Morphological Characteristics of
Epimedium sagittatum
in Different Growth Periods
QUAN Qiu-Mei;LI Yun-Xiang*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 85-89. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.019
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2054
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To reveal the resource and reproduction patterns of
Epimedium sagittatum
, the effects of clone fragment density on clonal morphological characteristics were investigated during three periods of sexual reproduction with regression and nonparametric test. The results indicated that significant effects of clonal fragment density on clonal morphological parameters. Based on the results of regression, the intensity of density dependence effect was enhanced, and more resources were allocated to sexual reproduction with the density of clone fragments increased. The results of nonparametric test revealed that the leaf number and leaf breadth of clone were gradually increased to gain more resource to enhance the reproduction capacity.
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Geographic Variations of
Stipa grandis
Clonal Populations in the Xilingol Plateau of Inner Mongolia
ZHAO Nian-Xi;GAO Yu-Bao;WANG Jin-Long;LIU Jing-Ling;LI Chang-Lin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 90-97. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.020
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The quantitative characters of
Stipa grandis
clonal populations found in three habitats with different climatic conditions in the Xilingol plateau of Inner Mongolia, were studied by means of one way ANOVA, analysis of variance components and fractal geometry. (1) The three populations had different growth patterns in plant height of vegetative modules in the growing season; plant height of vegetative modules or reproductive modules varied significantly among
S. grandis
populations and most variation existed among populations. (2) There were significant fractal relationships between aboveground dry matter weight and height of vegetative modules of
S. grandis
populations in different growth periods of the plant; the fractal dimension value was consistent with the biomass accumulation of vegetative modules when the habitats were not intensively disturbed; while a very rapid increase happened under long-term severe drought conditions. (3) There were also significant fractal relationships between aboveground dry matter weight and plant height of vegetative modules of
S. grandis
populations in the growing season, furthermore, the values of fractal dimension varied significantly among different populations. All the divergences among different habitats were supposed to be attributed to long-term local adaptation and natural selection.
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Study on Interspecific Associations of Natural
Nitraria tangtorum
Population and Its Main Companion Species in Ulanbuh Desert
LI Zhi-San;LI Feng-Ri
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 98-103. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.021
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(
3801
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A series of techniques including the variance analysis (
VR
),
χ
2
-test, the association co-efficient(
AC
), the percentage of co-ocurrenc (
PC
) consulting the association indices(
OI
、
DJ
、
JI
)were used together with a 2×2 contingency table to analyze the interspecific associations of natural
Nitraria tangtorum
population and its main companion species in Ulanbuh Desert Inner Mongolia. Result: In the natural
Nitraria tangtorum
population,the association of 8 dominant species showed no correlation. By the calculation results, in the all 28 species-pairs, there are 15 species-pairs which revealed positive association, and 13 species-pairs revealed negative association. Most of the species-pairs revealed little significant association except
Nitraria tangtorum
–
Artemisia ordosica
.
Nitraria tangtorum
–
Artemisia ordosica
revealed significant negative association.. Nitraria tangtorum-herbage and other herbaceous species-pairs distributions trend to be independent. The result is very important to construct steady desert plant community, reconstruct desert plant community and regulate ecological pattern in theory.
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Litterfalls of 6 Major Forest Stands at Maoershan Mountain of Heilongjiang Province
ZHANG Dong-Lai;MAO Zi-Jun*;ZHU Sheng-Ying;ZHOU Biao
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 104-108. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.022
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The annual litterfall production, composition and decomposition of the litterfall of six typical stands in Maoershan, Heilongjiang Province were studied in this paper. The results are as follows: (1)the annual litter production is in the sequence of
Pinus koraiensis
(5.62 t·hm
-2
),
Fraxinus mandshurica
(5.57 t·hm
-2
),
Pinus sylvestris
(5.56 t·hm
-2
),
Quercus mongolica
(4.31 t·hm
-2
),
Populus davidiana
(4.27 t·hm
-2
),
Larix gmelinii
(4.08 t·hm
-2
); (2) the fall of leaves of six forests occupies a higher percentage in the annual total litterfall than that of other components; (3)decomposition rates of leaf litter in the six forests obvious:
Fraxinus mandshurica
>
Pinus sylvestris
>
Larix gmelinii
>
Populus davidiana
>
Quercus mongolica
>
Pinus koraiensis
.The simulated time spans needed for 95% weight loss of litter in
Fraxinus mandshurica
,
Quercus mongolica
,
Populus davidiana
,
Larix gmelinii
,
Pinus koraiensis
,
Pinus sylvestris
stand were 3.5, 8.0, 6.7, 6.6, 8.8 and 4.4 years, respectively.
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Study on Community Characteristics of
Sabina vulgaris
Community under Different Stages of Succession
HONE Yu*;WANG Lin-He
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 109-113. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.023
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The autogenic succession process of vegetation in Mu Us Sandland is from
Psammochlou uillosa
+
Agriophyllum arenarium
(
Artemisia sphaerocephala
) on semi-drift-sand dunes to
Artemisia ordosica
+
Sabina vulgaris
on semi-fixed-sand dunes, then through
S. vulgaris
+
Poa sphondylodes
on fixed-sand dunes and
S. vulgaris
on fixed dunes of subclimax stage to
S. vulgaris
+ moss community on old-fixed-sand dunes, which maybe pass to a
Stipa bungeana
steppe finally. The
S. vulgaris
community succession contains progressive and regressive succession. Species diversity increased with the development of the progressive succession, and the ecological environment began getting wet. Along with the declining of
S. vulgaris
, some plants exited, species diversity decreased and the habitat of community began getting dry.
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Present Situation of the Plant Community Succession on Alluvial Islands at the Mouth of Yangtze River
SONG Guo-Yuan;CAO Tong;XU Cheng-Chong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 114-123. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.024
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Through the development of alluvial islands at the mouth of Yangtze River(Chongming, Hengsha, Changxing and Jiuduansha) up till now, living and nonliving environmental factors are playing important roles. Among them the age and the height of the islands, soil types, nutrient, salinity, pH, etc. make influence on the formation, colonization and succession of the plant communities. On the basis of field working for several years, applying arithmetic series ordering according to time, the essay expounded the diversity of plant communities, recorded and predicted the plant amount of the past years on alluvial islands. It analyzed the succession status quo of plant communities under various habitats and the environmental factors accustomized by using Canonical correspondence Analysis (CCA), it also made biomass and habitat analysis on the competitions among isolated communities according to the investigation data of plant quadrats. All of these investigation results give basic information to understand the ecosystem on alluvial islands at the mouth of Yangtze River.
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Effects of Three Fungi of
Helminthosporium
on the Contents and Productions of Resveratrol and Polydatin in the Seedling of
Rumex gmelini
WANG Zhen-Yue;LI Rui-Ming;WANG Zong-Quan;
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
1
): 124-128. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.025
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The effects of fungi of
Helminthosporium
on the contents and productions of resveratrol and polydatin in the seedling of
Rumex gmelini
were studied. The results showed that the specialization of polydatin to fungi in the seedling of
R. gmelinii
was not obvious and there are some relativity between the effect and the concentration of spore suspension. Resveratrol showed some selectivity to fungi. Different strains of
Helminthosporium turcicum
Passerini had different induction effects and mainly acted on the starting time. Little inhibition effect of various treatments on biomass of the seedling
R. gmelinii
was observed during the 0-50 d.
H. turcicum
Passerini 001 could induce the production of polydatin and resveratrol in the seedling
R. gmelinii
, which increase 1.54 and 3.99 folds, respectively, to the contro1 ones at the strongest induction conditions.
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A New Species of
Yushania
Keng f. and Supplement of Flower of
Fargesia lincangensis
Yi from West Yunnan,China
YI Tong-Pei;SHI Jun-Yi;MA Li-Sha;WANG Hai-Tao;YANG Lin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 129-132. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.001
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(
2749
)
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Yushania yongdeensis
Yi et J. Y. Shi, new species of the Bambusoidiae from the West Yunnan, is described and illustrated. In addition, this paper also gives the supplementary descriptions about the character of the flower of
Fargesia lincangensis
Yi.
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A New Species of
Chimonocalamus
Hsueh et Yi on West Yunnan China
YI Tong-Pei;SHI Jun-Yi;MA Li-Sha;YANG Lin;YAO Jun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 133-135. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.002
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(
1924
)
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Chimonocalamus cibarius
Yi et J. Yi Shi, new species of the Bambusoidiae from the West Yunnan, is described and illustrated.
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A New Species of
Iris
L.(Iridaceae) From Yunnan,China
DONG Xiao-Dong;LI Ji-Hong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 136-137. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.003
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3005
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Iris habanesis
X. D. Dong is described and illustrated as a new species. This species is distinguished from
Iris decora
Wall. in ground controlled approach, single scape, no branch and having crista tailpiece. Also, it differs from
Iris collettii
Hook. f. by having scape 15-20 centimeters long in fluorescence.
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New Taxon of
Krascheninnikovia
(Chenopodiaceae) from Xinjiang China
LI Zhu;YANG Gang;FU Ai-Liang;SAWULIE;ZHENG Xiao-Hong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 138-142. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.004
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The paper reported two new varieties, five new forma of
Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
(L) Guedenst and one new variety of
K.compacta
var.
yechengensis
f. nov. A L F. in
K.compacta
(Losinsk) Grub family, all of them are native species in Xinjiang.Every new classified group are marked by illustration.
Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
var.
deserticola
(Losinsk) G.Yang Comb.nova mainly grow in plain desert or lower mountain area. Often branched at the lower paRt of stem, form a cushiony shrub,leaf in shape of narrow, needles like, elliptoid and long round, hair on both side of the leaf so it shows the same color.
Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
var.
pratensis
(Losinsk) G.Yang Comb.nova mainly distributed in the mountain rangeland.Branched at the upside of the stem,no hair at the face side of the leaf and little hair at the otherside, so the two sideS of the leaf show the different color.The leaf of
K.compacta
var.
yechengensis
A L F.var.nov.looks same with,but bract of pistillate flower is in light green, and the separation part is longer than connection. So it is very easy to be distinguished. It can be fond in Kunlun Mountain of Yecheng County only.
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Additions to the Orchidaceae of China
HU Ai-Qun;YE De-Ping;XING Fu-Wu*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 143-146. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.005
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2101
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Bulbophyllum albibracteum
Seidenf., a newly recorded orchid of China, is described and illustrated. It is mainly characterized by its conspicuously large, white and recurved bracts with serrulate edges, short hairs along abaxial midnerve of sepals, and erect stylids reaching 1 mm long.
Malaxis matsudai
(Yamamoto) Hatusima and
Cheirostylis takeoi
(Hayata) Schltr. are reported from Mailand China for the first time.
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Primary Study on Hepaticae from Mt. Qilian
WU Yu-Huan;GAO Chien;CHENG Guo-Dong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 147-150. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.006
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2352
)
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12 species belongs to eight families and ten genera are reported as new to Mt. Qilian based on specimens. Among them, 11 species are new records to Gansu province and two species are new records to Qinghai province, respectively. Also this is the first time to report Hepaticae from Qinghai province.
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Development of Gametophytes of
Grammitis dorsipila
ZHAO Jin-Bo;LI Yong;LIU Bao-Dong*;WANG Yue
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 151-154. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.007
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2451
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Through the artifical way for the first time,we detailed makes a typical record of the whole course of gametophyte development and the characters of every taches of
Grammitis dorsipila
(Christ.)C.Chr.,including spore germination,protonema,trichome,chloroplastid,border cells,antheridium et,with 29 characteristic pictures.Besides,we provide a lot of detailed data in the course of gametophyte development of Grammitidaceae,and discuss the systemic meaning of gametophyte’s characters of
Grammitis dorsipila
(Christ.)C.Chr..
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Comparative Morphology of the Tepal Epidermis in Illiciales
WU Zhi-Rong;LIN Qi*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 155-167. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.008
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The tepal epidermis of 20 samples,representing 11 species within
Illicium
Linn.(Illiciaceae),15 samples of 8 species belonging to
Kadsura
Kaempf. ex Juss.(Schisandraceae),and 17 samples of 6 species in
Schisandra
Michaux. (Schisandraceae),were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Several characters of tepal epidermis of the three genera in Illiciales,such as patterns of epidermal cells,shapes and distributing of secretory cells,types and distributing of stomatal apparatus,and cuticular ornamentations,were reported for the first time. Two new characters,stomata cluster and cyclotytic stomata,are introduced. The previous studies reported the correlations between the character of outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis and the habit in Illiciales: single outer stomatal rims occured in deciduous species and double ones only in evergreen species. In this study,all the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis in Illiciales are single,different from those on leaf epidermis. Therefore,it is considered that the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis and the outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis are not interrelated. Neither is the latter nor the habit. The characters of tepal epidermis are constant whether the tepals grow in bisexual,male or female flowers,which means this character does not relate with flower sex. Comparing the characters of tepal epidermis among
Illicium
,
Kadsura
and
Schisandra
,it is indicated that Schisandra has more derived characters than
Kadsura
,and so does
Kadsura
than
Illicium
. Additionaly,the similarity,of tepal epidermis between
Kadsura
and
Schisandra
,is greater than that between
Kadsura
and
Illicium
. Therefore,it seems reasonable to establish Schisandraceae including genera
Kadsura
and
Schisandra
,and Illiciaceae only containing the single genus
Illicium
.
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The Structures of Primary Vascular System of Four Species Seedlings in Three Genera of Papaveraceae
LIANG Yan;WANG Mao*;SUN Xiao-Wu;WANG Li;GUO Jie
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 168-174. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.009
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The evolutionary relationships of genera in Papaveraceae are particularly controversial. The structures and developments of seedlings in 4 species of 3 genera were studied with the methods of tissue cleaning and paraffin section in this paper. Representatives of genus
Papaver
are
Papaver rhoeas
and
Papaver orientale
, while
Chelidonium majus
and
Corydalis bungeana
are representatives of genera
Chelidonium
and
Corydalis
, respectively. The results indicate the haplostele types are different in the lower part of cotyledon node zone (CNZ) of three genera. Genera
Papaver
and
Chelidonium
are exarch diarch rotundity haplostele and rotundity-like haplostele, respectively, and genus
Corydalis
is exarch diarch “S”-shape haplostele. And the cotyledon venations of three genera seedlings are distinct.
Papaver rhoeas
and
Papaver orientale
have only a single primary vein, and no leaf gaps existed on the cotyledon node.
Chelidonium majus
and
Corydalis bungeana
have Brochidodromous-Camptodromous-Pinnate venation and Basal-Perfect-Acrodromous venation, respectively. In terms of the evidence from the structures of primary vascular system of seedlings, the evolvement levels of three genera are that
Papaver
is more primitive, followed by
Chelidonium
, and
Corydalis
is the most developed.
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Systematic Position of the Woodsiaceae and Peranemaceae:Evidence from Chloroplast
trn
L-F Region Sequences
WANG Ma-Li LIU Hong-Mei LU Shu-Gang LIU Zhan-Lin CHEN Zhi-Duan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 175-178. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.010
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2689
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Woodsiaceae and Peranemaceae have always been considered to be two close relatives of families by many scholars, and their systematic positions have long been controversial, which have been placed in Aspidiaceae, Dryopteridoideae (Dennstaedtiaceae) and Athyrioideae (Dryopteridaceae). Nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast
trn
L-F region from 1 species of Woodsiacear,three species of Peranemaceae,eight species of Dryopteridaceae, two species of Dryopteriaceae and one species inoutgroup (
Asplenium pseudolaserpitiifolium
) were analyzed to gain insights into intergeneric relationships. The phylogenetic relationship was inferred using the neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods, and both methods produced largely congruent trees. These trees reveal that: The relationship of Woodsiaceae and Peranemaceae is farther, Woodsiaceae is close to Athyriaceae, Peranemaceae is sister to Dryopteridaceae, Woodsiaceae and Peranemaceae are belong to different evolution lines. It is suitable that Ching (1978) and Pichi-Sermolii (1977) treeted them as independent families.
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Changes of Chloroplast Light-energy Conversion Characteristics on Leaves of
Gingko
XU Yan-Li;CHEN Guo-Xiang*;WEI Xiao-Dong;LEI Hua;SHI Da-Wei
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 179-182. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.011
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2522
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The light-energy conversion characteristics of
Gingko
chloroplast in nature condition were investigated. The results showed that: photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of
Gingko
increased as leaf spreading. The content of ATP increased with the activity of photophorylation, keeping low content after germination, and having the maximum content of ATP after 65 days as leaves growing; Mg
2+
,Ca
2+
ATPase activity changed from high level to low after germination, and reached the lowest level after 50 days as leaves growing, then its activity ascend sluggishly. The results also showed that all lightenergy conversion characteristics had the similar change in male and female.
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Leaf Epidermis Morphology Observation of
Tiliacea
in Heilongjiang Province
MU Li-Qiang;ZHOU Hao;QU Wei-Di
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 183-186. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.012
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The microcharacteristics of leaf epidermis of
Tilia amurensis
and
T. mandshurica
were observed by scanning electron microscope, and it’s microcharacteristics was studied comparatively. The results indicated that the microcharacteristics of up-epidermis of leaf of
T. amurensis
were the same with
T. mandshurica
, the waxiness emblazonry, the morphological character and the quantity of stelllate hair in elemental area of stomatal apparatus in down-epidermis of leaf showed great differences. These differences of microcharacteristics could be an anatomy proof to diefferentiate
T. amurensis
and
T. mandshurica
.
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Characters of Leaf Epidermis and Their Taxonomic Significance in
Cotoneaster
Medikus
DING Song-Shuang;SUN Kun*;SU Xue;DONG Li-Na;ZHANG Ai-Mei
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 187-194. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.013
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The leaf epidermis of 15 species, representing two sections of the genus
Cotoneaster
was investigated using light microscopy(LM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In Sect. Cotoneaster, leaf epidermal cells are usually polygonal in shape, straight to arched in pattern of anticlinal wall, and the stomata are anomocytic. While in Sect. Uniflos, leaf epidermal cells are usually irregular in shape, repand or sinuous in pattern of anticlinal wall, the stomata are anomocytic, and staurocytic, tetracytic, isotricytic besides. The fifteen species can be divided into three types: type W, type S, and type I, according to the characters of cuticular membrane surrounding the stomata and the other epidermal characters. Type W is an exceptional type S. Plants of Sect. Cotoneaster investigated here are type W or type S, while plants of Sect. Uniflos belong to type I. The characters mentioned above are of much significance in delimiting sections and species in
Cotoneaster
.
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Effects of Brassinolid on Chilling-Resistance in Banana Seedlings
LIU De-Bing;WEI Jun-Ya;LI Shao-Peng;CUI Bai-Ming;PENG Ming*
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 195-198. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.014
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The banana seedlings were treated with brassinolid (BR) of different concentrations under the cold-stressed condition. Comparing to the control, the treatment with certain concentration may obvious reduce the electrolyte leakage rate, increase SOD activity, enhance the soluble protein content at a certain extent, slow down the MDA content change, distinctly enhance soluble sugar content, slow down the area of wither and mortalityrate as well as delay the chlorophyll degraded speed of the banana seedling leave. These changes of metabolite have played a key role and important function in enhancing cold-stressed period resistance of banana seedlings. The concentration with the best protected effect is 0.9 mg·L
-1
.
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Effects of Heat and Drought Stresses on Growth and Tespiration in Different Cultivar of Pepper (
Capsicum annuum
L.)
HU Wen-Hai;CAO Yu-Lin;ZENG Jiang-Jun;SHI Kai;YU Jing-Quan
Bulletin of Botanical Research 2008, 28 (
2
): 199-204. DOI:
10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.015
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The effects of heat and drought on growth and respiration in pepper (
Capsicum annuum
L.) were studied. Heat stress resulted in a growth reduction in cultivar of Jizhao×Jilin, but not in Zhengjiao No.13. Drought, especially drought under heat, significantly inhibited the growth of peppers. Drought also increased the ion leakage from leaves more than heat and heat strengthened the injury of drought to peppers, which was more seirous observed in Jizhao×Jilin than Zhengjia No.13 did. Heat induced increases both in total, cytochrome and alternative pathway respirations, while drought strongly decreased cytochrome respiration, but increased alternative respiration. Cross effect from both drought and heat strongly decreased both total and cytochrome respirations, however, alternative respiration increased significantly at the initial 1d and then decreased sharply. Zhengjiao No.13 showed higher alternative and total respirations than Jizhao×Jilin under heat or/and drought stresses. These results suggest that higher heat or/and drought tolerance of pepper is associated with the capacity to keep high total and alternative respirations under stresses.
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