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Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989 Vol.9
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NOTES ON DISJUNCTION IN THE FLORA OF CHINA
Wang Wen-tsai
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 1-16.
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502
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In the present paper 16 patterns of disjunction found in the flora of China are discerned and preliminary interpretations are given. The causes of the formation of these patterns ara all ascribed to historical geological events. The violent climatic changes during the Quaternary glacial periods
[7,48,54,60,89]
undoubtedly had a vast effect on the formation of the patterns Ⅰ-XⅢ of disjunetion either in west-east direction or in north-south one. Judgiag from the facts that the primitive taxa of
Calathodes, Whytockia
and
Boehmeria blinii
all occur in Southwest China and their advanced ones in Taiwan and that the distribution centre of the
Anemone hupehensis
complex (
A. hupehensis, A. vitifolia
, and
A. tomentosa
) is located in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China, and
A. hnpehensis
f.
alba
ia disjunctively distributed in Southwest China and Taiwan, I would speculate that might exist a migration route in west-east direction from Southwest China to East China (even further eastward to Japan) durigg the Tertiary, and this very route might be the migraiton route between the floras of Southwest China and East China, including Taiwan, during the Quaternary glacial periods. On the basis of the disjunction patterns of
Thaliatrum aguilegifolium
var.
sibiricum, Ranunculus repens
and other relevant taxa mentioned in the text I would suggest that there might be two migration routes in north-so-uth direction in the eastern part of China during the Quaternary glacial periods. One route might start from Siberia or Northeast China and stre-tched southward through the North China plain and the hilly regions of Central China to South China and vice versa. The other route might set out from Siberia or Northeast China too and prolonged southwestward via the eastern margin of the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains to the eastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau or even further southward to northwestern Yunnan and vice versa. The pattern XIV might be formed by the effect of the Yanshan Orogeny in the late Cretaceous or of the Hima-layan Orogeny during the Tertiary.
[66]
The pattern XV might come into existence due to the marine transgressions which might take place in the Malayan Peninsula and Indonesia in the late Eocene.
[26]
The uplift of the Xizang plateau in the Tertiary
[80]
might be the cause for the occurrence of the pattern XVI, i. e., the disintegration of the distribution areas of
Symphytnm officlnale
, the genus
Helleborus
, and the tribe
Ramondieae
, aad the segregation of the two sister groups, sect.
Anthriscifolium
and sect.
Delphinium
, of the subgenus
Delphinium
of the genus
Delphinium
.
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TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS RHODODENDRON SECTION POGONANTHUM
Yang Han-pi
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 17-20.
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423
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TAXA NOVA DELPHINIORUM XINJIANGENSIUM
Yang chang-You, Wang Bin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 21-26.
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561
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A NEW SPECIES OF STYRAX
Qu Shi-zeng, Wang Kai-yun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 27-28.
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797
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NEW TAXA OF GLYCYRRHIZA LINN. FROM XINJIANG
Li Xue-yu
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 29-36.
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425
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A NEW SPECIES OF LIBANOTIS FROM SHANDONG
Xu Ling-chuan, Xu Ming-de
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 37-40.
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430
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A NEW SPECIES OF SYMPLOCOS FROM YUNNAN
Qian Yi-yong
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 41-44.
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543
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NEW TAXA OF THE GENUS CAREX (SECT.PRAECOCES CHRIST) FROM ANHUI PROVINCE
Su Song-wang, Xu Shun-mei
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 45-58.
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522
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A NEW SPECIES OF DRECHSLERA
Pai Chin-kai, Zhang Jing-chun, Zhu Xin-ting
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 59-60.
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515
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THE STUDY OF PHYTOTAXONOMY OF THE GENUS RANUNCULUS IN LNNER MONGOLIA
Zhao Yi-Zhi
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 61-72.
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528
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TWO NEW VARIETY OF OROSTACHYS FROM SHANDONG
Li Fa-zeng, Chen Xi-dian
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 73-74.
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470
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NOTULAE DE VITACEIS HUNANENSIBUS
Wang Wen-tsai
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 75-80.
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585
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SOME BRYOPHYTES NEW TO CHINA FOUND IN ANHUI, CHINA.
Qian Lin, Tsai Kung-hui
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 81-84.
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515
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THE CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR MIYAMAYOMENA SIMPLEX AND M. ANGUSTIFOLIA (ASTERACEAE)
David E. Boufford
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 85-86.
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435
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ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF MICROSPOROGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT IN PINUS YUNNANENSIS
Yang Cai-yun, Yang Mao-xian
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 87-94.
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586
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This paper reports the observations on the ulstrastructure of microsp-orogenesis and development of
Pinus yunnanesis Franch
. There were a lot of cell-organelles in sporogenous cells and pollen mother cells. Plasmodesma were obvious within the sporogenous cell walls.Concentric circle-shaped endoplasmic reticula in the pollen mother cells were observed. Starch was surrounded by this kind endoplasmic reticula.The concentric circle-shaped endoplasmic reticula appear variously and distributed singly or concentrically in the pollen mother cells. During this stage, many sharply-defined endoplasmic reticulum demonstrated in a para-llelly arranged bundle-shaped structure in the tapetum cells. At the tetrad stage, pre-Ubisch bodies and sporopollenin grains from tapetum cells secr-eted into microsporangium through plasmalemma and inner tangential wall.Generative cell and tube cell were seperated by a mooned thin wall. There were differences in the position, shape, size and contents of the generative cell and tube cell. These differences decided the different development ways and functions of the generative cell and tube cell in the further dev-elopment of male gametophyte.
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ECOLOGLCAL ROLE OF LIFFER LAYER IN THE HARD WOOD KOREAN PINE FORESE
Zhan Hong-zhen, Liu Ji-Chun, Ren Shu-wen
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 95-102.
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668
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It is found that the Litter layer is 3.4cm in average depth in the hard-wood Korean pine torest through the investigation. Litter layer censists of two sublayers. ie. nondecomposed and semidecomposed. The standing crop of nondecomposed and semidecomposed sublayers are 3.6T/ha and 9.1T/ha, respectively. The total standing crop of two sublayers is 12.7 T/ha(dry weight)。The order of mineral element content of both two sublayers is Ca > N > Mg > P > K > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu, which is identical in the forest studied.Element centents for litter layer are as follews Ca 185.45, N 124.65, Mg:2600, P 15.18, K 14.35, Mn 4.86, Fe 4.50, Zn 0.84, Cu 0.22 kg/ha. The content of mineral elements changes with decompositien process.Element centent of nondecomposed sublayer is less than that of semidecem-posed sublayer. generally, the former is 80-90% of the latter. The litter has distinctive ettects on natural regeneration of korean pine. Seeds of korean pine are brought to the underneath of litter layer by animals. where they can make cautactian with mineral soil and easily germinate. But atter germination, seedlings in the thick litter layer must develop stem, fherefore spend a lot of nutrient stock in endosperm, nutri-ents reguired by root were snatched away, which makes 90% of deedlings develop not well and die in the year or in mext year. The porous state of litter layer and favorable structure of humus may intercept precipitation, reduce satace runott and promote infiltration.precipitation interception of nondecomposed sublayer and semideeomposed litter sublayer are 266.2% and 32.6% of dry weight, or 9.32t/ha and 18.95t/ha, respectively, totally 28. 27 t/ha, which is eguivalent to 2.87mm of precipitatian. An effective ecosystem should have fast decompositian rate, not great accumulation, which is the direction we should follow in the managemeut of ecouystems.
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STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL HABIT, DISTRIBUTION,FLORISTIC ANALYSIS AND SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN——FIXED ABILITIES OF LEGUMES IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN
Fu Pei-yun, Wu Yang, Wang Ji-xuan, Din Jian
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 103-114.
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433
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On the basis of investigation, 22 genera, 48 species, 1 variaty and 3 forms of legumes in Changbai mountain are taxonomically studied (except cultivated species, Table 1) in present paper. The ecological habit, ver-tical and geographic distribution of each species are also presented (Table 1). Most of the legumes in this area are heliophilic mesophytes, 6 species meso-hydrophytes, 6 species meso-xerophytes, and 3 species growing on the cold and moist alpine turdra with short frostless season. What it is notable in vertical distribution (except semi-wild species) is that only 3 species i.e.
Oxytropis anertii, Vicia ramuliflora
f.
baicalensis
and
Hedysarum ussuriense
are distributed on the alpine turdra from 2000-2600 m above sea level, 4 spec- ies, i. e.
Hedysarum ussuriense, Vicia ramuliflora
f.
baicalensis
,
Vicia venosa
and
Trifolium lupinaster
in the
Betula ermanii
forest zone 1700-2000m above sea level, 5 species, i. e.
Vicia venosa, Vicia ramuliflora
f.
baicalensis,Vicia cracca,Trifolium lupinaster
and
Astragalus uliginosus
are in the
Picea-Abies
forest sub-zone 1350-1700m aboye sea leve, and more than 40 species, making up 90.9 percent of the total wild species are growing in the mixed forest zone of
Pinus koraiensis
and broad-leaf trees which is the major zone where the legumes are growing in Changbai mountain. The secondary forest zone lower than alt. 500m is the major place where the invaded meso-xerophytes are grow-ing. In geographical distribution, most of the legumes in Changbai moun-tain are distributed in the temperate to subcold zone, only a few species reach Europe, North America and southern China. 2 species even reach tropical area of Asia, Africa and Australia. In floristic composition, 18 species belong to China-Japan component, 12 species Sibirica component, 3 species Europe-Asia component, 3 species Changbai component, 2 species Changbai-Dahuri component, 2 species Asia-N. America component, 1 species holarctic component. 1 species Arctic component, 2. species tro-pical Asia component and 1 species paleotropical component. It is obvi-ous that China-Japan component is the major composition (40.9%). The fact indicates that there is a close relation between Changbai mountain and Japan in the floristic occurrence of legume. Sibirica component takes the second place (27.3%) the rest components are less important. It is notable that there is no endemic species of China, only one endemic species of Changbai mountain but shared by China and Korea. Changbai mountain is the center of Changbai plant region, however, "component of Changbai plant region" is only 3 species. Most of the components are China-Japan or related to Asia, Europe and North America. It is easily concluded from.the fact that the flora of legume in Changbai mountain is old in the his-tory of phylogenetic origin and distribution. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixed abilities of 27 species belonging to 14 gen-era are tested. These plants grow in the different vertical distribution zones (alt. 500-2600m) on Changbai mountain. The results show that the nodules of all plants tested haye the nitrogenfixed activities, and different species have different activites. However, there in no correlation between the nitrogen-fixed activities and the elevation of plant distribution. It may be potentially important that, of the 27 species, 5 show higher nitrogen-fixed activities than others. They are
Medicago sativa, Lathyrus vaniotii, Guel-denstaedtia verna, Kummerowia stipulacea
and
Melilotus suaveolens
. The other four species, i, e.
Astragalus membranaceus, Vicia pseudorobus, Vicia eracca
and
Lath-yrus palustris
var.
pilosus
also show higher activities. These species as well as their symbiotant-rhizobia have prospects in exploiting and using of natural resources. More attention should be paid to them and more study is also needed.
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A STUDY ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF GENUS ILLICIUM L.
Lin Qi
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 115-124.
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492
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The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 14 species and one variety of the genus Illicium L. The pollen grains have been studied both by light microscope and scanning electron microscope,the relationshaps of pollens of different sections in this genus has been verified and the evolotionary tendency about the pollen morphology in this genus has been discussed. Thus, the study of pollen morphology supplies an important basis for the identification of the plants.
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TAXONOMY OF CORNUS SCHINDLERI COMPLEX BASED ON QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME CHARACTERS
Xiang Qiu-yun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
1
): 125-138.
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474
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The
Cornus schindleri
Wangerin complex in
Cornus
subgen.
Kraniopsis
Raf.consists of several taxa namely
C. schindleri
Wanger. (1907),
C. mombeigii
Hemsl. (1909),
C.poliophylla
Schneid. et Wanger. (1909),
C.mombeigii
Hemsl.subsp. crassa & subsp.
populifolia
Fang et W. K. Hu (1980),
C. poliophylla
Schneid. et Wanger. var.
praelonga
Fang et W. K. Hu (1981),
C. ixienensis
Fang et W. K. Hu (1981),
C. malifolia
Fang et W. K. Hu (1981),
C.daijinensis
Fang et W. K. Hu (1981), It is widespread from Hengduan Mo-untain region to western Hubei, and easily distinguished from the other members of the subgenus by leaves with crisped hairs and not harsrsh to touch beneath, cymes arranged in corymbs and cylindric style. But within the species complex, the variation is so wide that even two most distinct species can not be recognized. In this paper, quantitative ana lysis is maed for six characters which are usually used for classification, i. e., the length of petiole, the length of style, the length of petal, the length of peduncle, the ratio of the length of filament to that of petal, the ratio of the length of leaf to width, combined with geographical-morphological method in order to understand the variation of the complex and arrive at a reasonable classification. About 100 herbarium specimens are sampled from the distribution region of the complex divided into four sampling areas (tab. 3), each including the localities of the type specimens of one or two names. The statistically analysed data are listed in Tab. 4, 5, 6 and pictorialized scatter diagram of herbarium speciemens is presented in Fig. 2.
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NOTULAE DE RANUNCULACEIS SINENSIBUS (ⅩⅢ)
Wang Weng-tsai
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 1-14.
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615
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REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF PAPAVER FROM NORTH-EAST CHINA
Fu Pei-yun
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 15-20.
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1024
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The classification of the Papaver species from North-east China wasrevised. The concept of classificatory features of the basic form of thespecies,
P. nudicaule
L., was expanded-sensu ampl., including those planstswho have yellow, pale-yellow and orange flowers. The concept of the sup-species,
P. nudicaule
L. subsp.
amurense
N. Busch., was narrowed-sensustr., only refering to the plants with white flower and glabrous fruit.Those plants who have orange flower were classified into the subsp.
nudi-caule
. Two new varieties of the species were described, var.
glabricarpum
and subsp.
amurense
N. Busch. var.
seticarpum
. The new key to the genusspecies from North-east China was made.
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NEW TAXA OF ORCHIDACEAE FROM CHINA
Tsi Zhan-huo
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 21-32.
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590
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NEW TAXA OF FLOWERING PLANTS FROM ZHEJIANG PROV.
Wwi Zei, Chang Yi-bi, Zhang Fang-gang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 33-42.
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407
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A STUDY ON RUTACEAE FROM SICHUAN
Tan Zhong-ming
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 43-48.
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511
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NEW TAXA OF SPIRAEA L. AND SORBUS L.FROM SOUTHWESTERN CHINA
Lu Ling-ti
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 49-54.
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423
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NEW TAXA OF GENUS THEMEDA FORSK.(GRAMINEAE) FROM CHINA
Zhuang Ti-de, Chen Shou-liang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 55-66.
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442
)
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TAXA NOVA ELATOSTEMATIS E YUNNAN
Wang Wen-tsai
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 67-78.
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427
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MATERIALS OF CHINESE ASPLENIACEAE(Ⅰ)
Wu Shiew-hung
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 79-96.
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557
)
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THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ASPIDISTRA FROM GUANGXI
Wan Yu Guangxi
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 97-102.
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534
)
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THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LABIATAE IN HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS
Li Xi-wen
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 103-122.
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505
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There are 240 species of 46 genera of
Labiatae
in Hergduan Mts.,Its species amount is less than that of Yunnan and Sichuan, but muchmore than that of Xizang and other provinces in China. After analysingthe distribution of genera and species of
Labiatae
in Hengduan Mts., weknow the characteristics of the geographical distribution of
Labiatae
inthis region as follow:i. The distribution-type of genera is mainly oftemperate nature, having a percentage of 85.3% of total genera. (Thecosmopolitan genera are excluded from the total and from the calculationof the other statics.) Among temperate distributron-type, that of Eastern Asia (mainly of Sino-Himalava subtype) has a percentage 34.1% of totalgeneral and that of Old World temerate and North temperate has a percen-tyge of 29.2% and 12.2% of total genera respectively. ii.The distribution-tupe of species is mainly of endemic in China, having a perceutage of 75%of total species. But that of temperate and tropical only have a percentageof 20% and 5% of total species respectively. Among endemic spceis in Chinaabout a percentage of 72.8% is of endemic in Hengduan Mts. The areaof NW Yunnan and SW Sichuan is a most important center of endemieSpecies is Hengduan Mts. It posscss a percentage of 67.2% of total ende-mic species in Hengduan Mts. iii. The origin cause of endemic species imthe area of NW Yunnan and SW Sichuan is mainly of ecological reasonrather than historical reason.
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STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF ADONIS L.
Li Liang-qian, Zhang wu-xiu
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
2
): 123-137.
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638
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Pollen grains of 17 species and 1 variety of the genus
Adonis
in Ranun-culaceae distributed in China, Japan and Europe were examined by LM andSEM.
Adonis
po11en can be divided into 2 types according to characters ofthe aperture and the exine. They are as follows:Type 1. Two poles of exine not thickened. Margin of colpi irregularand not thickened. Surface of exine undulate or rough. (Sect.
Consiligo
) Type 2. Two poles of exine distinctly thickened. Margin of colpe reg-ular and thickened. Surface of exine nearly plane. (Sect.
Adonis
) These types are identical with the two sections, perenaial Sect. Consi-ligo and annual Sect.
Adonis
, which were described based on morphology.In the meantime, variation of pollen morphology in the genus is found onlyin Sect.
Consiligo
(Pollen type 1), and it can be divided into 4 subtypesbased on forms of pollen porferation and exine ornamentation. They are asfollows:Subtype 1:Porferations indistinct, spinules biger and longer. (
A. brev-istyla
) Subtype 2:Porferations major and pores arrangment irregular. (
A. ver-nalis, A. pseudoamurensis, A. wolgensis
). Subtype 3:Porferations minor and pores scattered. (
A. bobroviana, A.sutchuenensis, A. coerulea, A. chrysocyatha, A. sibirica, A. villosus
) Subtype 4:Porferations minor aod pores arranging in rows. (
A. amuren-sis, A. dahurica, A. romosa
) According to comparative study of polynology and morphology the pre-sent author consideres that A. brevistyla might be primitive and A. chrysocy-atha representing a blind branch in Sect.
Consiligo
.
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STUDIES ON POLYSTICHUM MOUPINENSE (FRANCH.)BEDD. AND ITS RELATIVES
Kung Hsian-shiu
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 1-14.
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527
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Polystichum moupinense
(Franch.) Bedd. and its relatives form a naturalgroup under the fern genus
Polystichum
. They are common in morphologi-cal features distinguished from other groups by the bipinnatifid or pinnatelanceolate or linearilanceolate, chartaceous blade with lanceolate micros-cales on the surface beneath, and by the persistent petioles forming apatch hiding and protecting the buds. Geographycally, all the species ofthis group, without exception, are confined in the high mountain zone, mainly of west China to Himalaya including Tibbet, Yunnan, Sichuan, westHubei, south Shanxi and Gansu, of which a few ones disjunctively extendto Taiwan and Japan. Hitherto, 18 species are recognized in China, among which 5 speciesare discribed for first time, namely
P. habarnse, P. salwinense, P. obtusipinnum, P.nigrum
and
P.melanostipes
. Four species and one variety previously known asdistinct are reduced here to synonyms.
Nephrodium lichiangense
Wright haslong been neglected by botanists, Prof. Ching correctly combined it tothe genus
Polystichum
, which appeared in the present paper.
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NEW TAXA OF GENUS CYRTOGONELLUM CHING
Hsieh Yin-tang, Li Na
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 15-20.
Abstract
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396
)
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237
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A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CORYDALIS VENT. FROM GANSU OF CHINA
Yan Min-sheng, Wang Ching-jui
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 21-24.
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(
505
)
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(176KB)(
264
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NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF METEORIACEAE IN CHINA
Lou Jian-shing
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 25-32.
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473
)
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(503KB)(
302
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A NEW SPECIES OF FRAXINUS FROM SICHUAN
Sun San-sheng, Wu Jia-lin
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 33-36.
Abstract
(
332
)
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(209KB)(
229
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A NEW SPECIES OF DAPHNE FROM ANHUI
Shao Jian-zhang, Zhang Ding-cheng
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 37-38.
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582
)
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(149KB)(
275
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NEW MATERIALS FOR GENUS SYRINGA L. IN CHINA
Chen Xin-lu, Zhao Xiang-yun, Qu Shi-zeng
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 39-42.
Abstract
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472
)
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(211KB)(
274
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A NEW SPECIES OF RUBUS FROM JIANXI
Nie Min-xiang
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 43-46.
Abstract
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498
)
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(189KB)(
404
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TWO NEW SPECIES OF DRYOPTERIDACEAE IN CHINA
Hsieh Yin-tang, Li Na
Bulletin of Botanical Research 1989, 9 (
3
): 47-50.
Abstract
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363
)
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282
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