Intraspecific Phenotypic Diversity in Begonia grandis

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.05.016

Abstract

Abstract:

“Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae ”and “Flora of China” had different opinions on the subspecies treatment of Begonia grandis Dryander， which could not be applied in practice according to their classification criteria， and the issues still remain unsolved in the subspecies classification of this species. In order to understand intraspecific diversity of B.grandis， a numerical classification study was conducted with 33 phenotypic traits from 39 wild B.grandis populations. By quantity characters variation analysis， quality traits genetic diversity analysis， principal component analysis and R-type cluster analysis， the main traits were screened out from 33 traits for Q-type cluster analysis. The phenotypic diversity of B.grandis was rich， the variation coefficient of quantity traits was 0.077-0.441， and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of quality characters was 0.287-1.483. Principal component analysis showed that 33 traits could be integrated into 6 principal components， and the cumulative contribution rate was 72.28%. R-type cluster analysis showed that the characters were relatively independent except for the correlation between leaf size and male flower size. Q-type cluster analysis classified 39 B.grandis populations into four groups with male flower size， leaf size， plant size， leaf color， which was inconsistent with three subspecies classified by Flora of China. Therefore， it was necessary to combine the molecular evidence to discuss the rational intraspecific classification of B.grandis in the future. It was interesting that Japanese naturalized populations of B.grandis very possibly originated from Tianmu Mountain population in Zhejiang Province.

Key words: Begoniaceae, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, taxonomy, China

CLC Number:

Q949.4

Yan-Ci LI, Nai-Feng FU, Jia-Zhi SUN, Yan XIAO, Jian-Guo CAO, Dai-Ke TIAN. Intraspecific Phenotypic Diversity in Begonia grandis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(5): 775-788.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table1

Table 2

Taxonomic traits and codes

编号 No.	性状 Morphology	编码类型 Code	编码详细情况 Coding details
1	株高Stem height（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
2	分枝多少Stem branch number	M	无（1）；少（2）；较多（3）；多（4） None（1）；Less（2）；More（3）；Most（4）
3	叶柄长Petiole length（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
4	叶柄粗Petiole diameter（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
5	叶长Leaf length（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
6	叶宽Leaf width（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
7	叶长宽比Leaf length to leaf width	D	计算值 Calculated value
8	叶宽侧宽Width of leaf wide-side（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
9	下延叶长Leaf lobe length（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
10	叶窄侧宽Width of leaf narrow-side（cm）	N	测量值 Measured value
11	叶宽窄侧比Leaf wide-side width to narrow-side width	D	计算值 Calculated value
12	下延叶长同叶长比Leaf lobe length to leaf length	D	计算值 Calculated value
13	叶斑纹 Leaf variegation	B	无斑（1）；有白斑（2） Spotless（1）；White spot（2）
14	腹脉颜色Adaxial vein color	M	绿（1）；红（2） Green（1）；Red（2）
15	背脉颜色Abaxial vein color	M	绿（1）；红（2） Green（1）；Red（2）
16	叶背颜色Color of dorsal leaf blade	M	绿（1）；红（2）；红绿（3） Green（1）；Red（2）；Red- green（3）
17	雄花花柄颜色Color of staminate flower pedicel	M	白（1）；粉白（2）；浅粉（3）；粉（4）；深粉（5）；粉绿（6）；红（7） White（1）；Pink-white（2）；Light-pink（3）；Pink（4）；Deep-pink（5）；Pink-green（6）；Red（7）
18	雄花花柄长Length of staminate flower pedicel（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
19	雄花花冠长Length of staminate flower corolla（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
20	雄花花冠宽Width of staminate flower corolla（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
21	雄花花冠长宽比Length to width of staminate flower corolla	D	计算值Calculated value
22	雄花外轮被片颜色Color of staminate flower outer tepal	M	白（1）；粉白（2）；浅粉（3）；粉（4）；深粉（5） White（1）；Pink-white（2）；Light-pink（3）；Pink（4）；Deep-pink（5）
23	雄花外轮被片长Length of outer tepa of staminate flower（mm）	N	测量值Measured value
24	雄花外轮被片宽Width of staminate flower outer tepal（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
25	雄花外轮被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower outer tepal	D	计算值Calculated value
26	雄花内轮被片颜色Color of staminate flower inner tepal	M	白（1）；粉白（2）；浅粉（3）；粉（4）；深粉（5） White（1）；Pink-white（2）；Ligh- pink（3）；Pink（4）；Deep-pink（5）
27	雄花内轮被片长Length of staminate flower inner tepal（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
28	雄花内轮被片宽Width of staminate flower inner tepal（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
29	雄花内轮被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower inner tepal	B	计算值Calculated value
30	雄蕊群高Androecium height（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
31	雄蕊群直径Androecium diameter（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
32	雄蕊柱长度Staminal column length（mm）	N	测量值 Measured value
33	雄蕊数Stamen number	N	测量值 Measured value

Table 2

Table 3

Variation analysis for quantitative traits of B. grandis

数量性状 Quantitative trait	极大值 Max.	极小值 Min.	平均值 Mean	极差 Range	标准差 s	变异系数 CV
株高Stem height（cm）	75.500	11.500	34.249	64.000	13.600	0.397
叶柄长Petiole length（cm）	17.667	2.567	7.533	15.100	2.700	0.358
叶柄粗Petiole width（mm）	6.417	1.500	3.209	4.917	1.039	0.324
叶长Leaf length（cm）	27.533	5.400	13.447	22.133	3.985	0.296
叶宽Leaf width（cm）	20.400	3.725	9.042	16.675	2.991	0.331
叶长宽比Leaf length to leaf width	1.854	1.310	1.510	0.544	0.116	0.077
叶宽侧宽Width of leaf wide-side（cm）	10.867	2.233	5.269	8.633	1.526	0.290
下延叶长Leaf lobe length（cm）	6.983	0.500	3.314	6.483	1.240	0.374
叶窄侧宽Width of leaf narrow-side（cm）	8.900	1.667	4.056	7.233	1.331	0.328
叶宽窄侧比Leaf wide-side width to narrow-side width	1.636	1.047	1.319	0.590	0.104	0.079
下延叶长同叶长比Leaf length to leaf lobe length（cm）	0.329	0.093	0.242	0.236	0.046	0.190
雄花花柄长Length of staminate flower pedicel（mm）	26.333	5.000	15.764	21.333	4.546	0.288
雄花花冠长Length of staminate flower corolla（cm）	43.000	17.000	27.995	26.000	6.058	0.216
雄花花冠宽Width of staminate flower corolla（cm）	31.000	11.500	21.472	19.500	3.843	0.179
雄花花冠长宽比Length to width of staminate flower corolla	1.667	1.059	1.302	0.608	0.144	0.111
雄花外被片长Length of staminate flower outer tepal（mm）	21.500	9.600	14.529	11.900	2.748	0.189
雄花外被片宽Width of staminate flower outer tepal（mm）	19.500	6.800	13.178	12.700	2.806	0.213
雄花外被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower outer tepal	1.412	0.893	1.112	0.518	0.107	0.096
雄花内被片长Length of staminate flower inner tepal（mm）	15.500	6.600	10.941	8.900	1.780	0.163
雄花内被片宽Width of staminate flower inner tepal（mm）	14.750	2.833	7.155	11.917	2.433	0.340
雄花内被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower inner tepal	3.456	0.839	1.704	2.617	0.507	0.298
雄蕊群高Androecium height（mm）	11.000	2.000	6.221	9.000	1.992	0.320
雄蕊群直径Androecium diameter（mm）	8.000	2.929	5.508	5.071	1.156	0.210
雄蕊柱长度Staminal column length（mm）	6.000	0.000	2.657	6.000	1.171	0.441
雄蕊数Stamen number	130.667	19.857	66.682	110.810	28.876	0.433

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

The eigenvalue，contribution rate and eigenvector of selected principal components

性状Trait	主成分Principal component
性状Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6
株高Stem length	0.51	0.03	-0.16	0.38	0.07	-0.15
分枝多少Stem branch number	-0.20	-0.10	-0.27	-0.33	0.26	0.34
叶柄长Petiole length	0.47	0.48	0.10	-0.25	-0.11	0.37
叶柄粗Petiole width	0.64	0.44	0.03	-0.19	-0.07	0.16
叶长Leaf length	0.70	0.55	-0.35	0.13	-0.01	0.16
叶宽Leaf width	0.77	0.51	-0.27	0.07	-0.06	0.06
叶长宽比Leaf length to leaf width	-0.52	-0.02	-0.28	0.19	0.20	0.46
叶宽侧宽Width of leaf wide-side	0.76	0.56	-0.25	0.01	0.03	0.03
下延叶长Leaf lobe length	0.68	0.57	-0.28	-0.04	0.06	0.16
叶窄侧宽Width of leaf narrow-side	0.75	0.53	-0.33	-0.09	-0.11	-0.02
叶宽窄侧比Wide-side width to narrow-side width of ratio	-0.16	-0.11	0.35	0.38	0.52	0.29
下延叶长同叶长比Leaf length to leaf lobe length	0.22	0.05	0.01	-0.60	-0.32	-0.58
叶斑纹Leaf variegation	-0.18	0.51	0.04	0.44	0.31	-0.44
腹脉颜色Abdominal vein color	0.28	0.52	0.55	-0.11	0.21	0.06
背脉颜色Dorsal vein color	0.14	0.56	0.60	0.11	0.12	0.02
叶背颜色Color of leaf blade abaxially	0.22	0.41	0.50	-0.15	0.23	-0.13
雄花花柄颜色Color of staminate flower pedicel	0.45	-0.12	0.41	0.10	-0.09	0.06
雄花花柄长Length of staminate flower pedicel	0.28	-0.06	0.08	-0.17	0.48	0.00
雄花花冠长Length of staminate flower corolla	0.84	-0.38	-0.15	0.16	-0.03	0.02
雄花花冠宽Width of staminate flower corolla	0.73	-0.46	-0.23	0.04	0.18	0.04
雄花花冠长宽比Length to width of staminate flower corolla	0.39	0.01	0.11	0.25	-0.35	0.02
雄花外被片颜色Color of staminate flower pedicel	0.40	-0.01	0.57	0.32	-0.09	-0.13
雄花外被片长Length of staminate flower outer tepal	0.84	-0.34	-0.12	0.21	-0.09	0.01
雄花外被片宽Width of staminate flower outer tepal	0.86	-0.31	-0.20	0.09	0.15	-0.13
雄花外被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower outer tepal	-0.29	0.00	0.24	0.24	-0.59	0.32
雄花内被片颜色Color of staminate flower inner tepal	0.44	-0.09	0.25	0.46	-0.45	0.08
雄花内被片长Length of staminate flower inner tepal	0.72	-0.48	-0.23	0.07	0.14	0.00
雄花内被片宽Width of staminate flower inner tepal	0.74	-0.37	0.25	-0.28	-0.04	0.11
雄花内被片长宽比Length to width of staminate flower inner tepal	-0.48	0.29	-0.37	0.45	0.21	-0.32
雄蕊群高Androecium height	0.81	-0.32	0.23	-0.06	0.11	-0.01
雄蕊群直径Androecium diameter	0.80	-0.30	0.09	0.08	0.12	-0.02
雄蕊柱长度Staminal column length	0.56	-0.26	0.32	-0.18	0.32	0.02
雄蕊数Stamen number	0.85	-0.09	0.02	0.04	-0.01	-0.18
特征值Eigenvalue	11.29	4.26	2.85	2.05	1.89	1.51
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate	34.22	12.91	8.64	6.21	5.74	4.57
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate	34.22	47.13	55.77	61.98	67.71	72.28

Table 5

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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编号 No.	居群 Population	采集地点 Location	编号 No.	居群 Population	采集地点 Location
1	LNLY	辽宁凌源Lingyuan，Liaoning	21	HNHS	湖南衡山Hengshan，Hunan
2	BJXS	北京香山Xiangshan，Beijing	22	JXLS	江西庐山Lushan，Jiangxi
3	TJJX	天津蓟县 Jixian，Tianjing	23	FJTN	福建泰宁Taining，Fujian
4	HEBJJ	河北井陉 Jingxing，Hebei	24	FJYT	福建永泰Yongtai，Fujian
5	HEBXL	河北兴隆 Xinglong，Hebei	25	FJWYS	福建武夷山Wuyi Mountain，Fujian
6	SDTS	山东泰安 Taian，Shandong	26	ZJNB	浙江宁波 Ningbo，Zhejiang
7	HENZJ	河南焦作 Jiaozuo，Henan	27	ZJLA	浙江临安 Linan，Zhejiang
8	SXLS	山西灵石 Lingshi，Shanxi	28	AHXN	安徽休宁 Xiuning，Anhui
9	HBSNJ	湖北神农架Shennongjia，Hubei	29	CQJFS	重庆金佛山Jinfo Mountain，Chongqi
10	HBYX	湖北岳西 Yuexi，Hubei	30	SCYA	四川雅安 Yaan，Sichuan
11	HBHA	湖北红安 Hongan，Hubei	31	SCEMS	四川峨眉山Emei Mountain，Sichuan
12	HBSZ	湖北随州 Suizhou，Hubei	32	YNJL	云南丽江 Lijiang，Yunnan
13	HBZG	湖北秭归 Zigui，Hubei	33	YNKM	云南昆明Kunming，Yunnan
14	HBYC	湖北宜昌 Yichuang，Hubei	34	RBFS	日本富山 Toyama，Japan
15	HBYC	湖北利川 Lichuan，Hubei	35	RBSH	日本神户 Kobe，Japan
16	HNYS	湖南永顺 Yongshun，Hunan	36	RBDF	日本大分 Oita，Japan
17	HNZJJ	湖南张家界Zhangjiajie，Hunan	37	RBKCT	日本开成町Kaisei，Japan
18	HNSZ	湖南桑植 Sangzhi，Hunan	38	RBQM	日本群马 Gunma，Japan
19	HNCD	湖南常德 Changde，Hunan	39	RBLC	日本镰仓 Kamakura，Japan
20	HNLS	湖南龙山 Longshan，Hunan

质量性状 Qualitative trait	频率分布Frequency distribution（%）							遗传多样性指数H′
质量性状 Qualitative trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	遗传多样性指数H′
分枝多少 Stem branch number	0.000	60.000	20.000	20.000				0.950
叶斑纹 Leaf variegation	91.667	8.333						0.287
腹脉颜色 Adaxial vein color	63.333	36.667						0.657
背脉颜色 Dorsal vein color	51.667	48.333						0.693
叶背颜色Color of abaxial leaf blade	55.000	40.000						0.695
雄花花柄颜色Color of staminate flower pedicel	6.667	11.667	26.667	45.000	3.333	3.333	3.333	1.483
雄花外被片颜色Color of staminate flower outer tepal	10.000	13.333	23.333	50.000	3.333			1.298
雄花内被片颜色Color of staminate flower inner tepal	20.000	23.333	26.667	30.000				1.375

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