Flowering Biological Characteristics of Olea europaea(Chenggu 32) in the North Subtropical of China

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.02.011

Abstract

Abstract: We studied the flowering phenology, sexual system and flowering characters of Olea europaea L.(Chenggu 32) grown in the north subtropical areas of China to explore the characteristics of its sexual reproduction system. We analyzed the flowering biology including the florescence process, flower shape, the position and quantity of male and hermaphrodite flower as well as the pollen morphology of chenggu32 located in the southern slope of West Qinling region. These results indicated that:(1) O.europaea L. flowering phase is concentrated in May under the climatic conditions of tropical inland North. Plant flowering individuals last 15-20 days, while full-blossom period within 4-6 days; (2) O.europaea L. has an andromonoecy sexual system and the flower organ is small. Both the male flower and hermaphrodite flower have normal developing stamens. Based on the morphological observation conventional paraffin sectioning method, the pistil of hermaphrodite flower grow normally, while the pistil of male flowers has the smaller ovary and abortive stigma; (3) The pistil is the major organ for influencing biomass between the two flower types. Compared with male flowers, biomass of hermaphrodite flower is significantly larger than male flower(P<0.01), which needs fewer resources during tree differentiation; (4)There is no significant difference of pollen amount and pollen grains between male and hermaphrodite flower. The hermaphrodite flowers developed on the top of rachis, while male flowers mainly distributed at the base and center of rachis at the ratio of 21.13% and 30.77% respectively. Therefore, Chenggu 32 has typical andromonoecy. As for male flowers of Chenggu32, the location of inflorescence has no advantage for his male function. It also has no superiority about the pollen grain quantity and vitality of male flowers. However, the appearance of male flowers increased the pollen quantity and P/O, and improved the male fitness. It reduced the plant resource waste for the reason of hermaphrodite flowers fallen, thus guaranteeing the maximum breeding in limited environmental resources.

Key words: Olea europaea L., inflorescence, floral organ, pollen

CLC Number:

S565.7

WU Wen-Jun, LU Juan, ZHAO Meng-Jiong, SHI Yan-Hu, JIANG Cheng-Ying. Flowering Biological Characteristics of Olea europaea(Chenggu 32) in the North Subtropical of China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(2): 236-241.

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