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Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 1983, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (3): 87-110.

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CYTOLOGICAL & EMBRYOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON AMITOSIS & INTER-CELLULAR MIGRATIONS OF NUCLEAR SUBSTANCES IN ALLIUM FISTULOSUM L.

Wang Dzung-tshing, Rui Kai-zhi, Huang Yi-jiang   

  1. Laboratory of Plant Cytology, Department of Biology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang
  • Online:1983-09-15 Published:2016-06-13

Abstract: Present paper includes all discussions of the previous pa-per (Wang, D. T. 1960)[1] with final conclusions as follows:1. The intercellular migrations of nuclear substances gene-rally pass through the passages of plasmodesmata, but the cell wall may be broken and the nuclear substances pass thro-ugh the hole, or the cell wall may dissolve, or disintegrate and the nuclear substances pass freely to neighbouring cells.Thus the passages of plasmodesmata are not necessarily the only passages of intercellular migrations of nuclear substan-ces. 2. The frequency of nuclear migrations of ripen pollen grains is very high while that of pollen tubes is very signifi-cautly low. Thus the absorbing of water and respiration are not the pre-requirements of the intercellular migrations of nuclear substances. The circulation of cytoplasm is very sensitive to tempera-ture, while that of nuclear substances including nuclear lymph and chromatic substance is not sensitive to temperature. The circulation of cytoplasm has definite directions, while that of nuclear subsances has not definite directions. Cytoplasmic cir-culations are limited within the organism. while nuclear subs-tances may migrate out of the organism. Thus the cytoplasmic circulations or the streaming of nuclear lymph as the mecha-nism of intercellular migrations of nuclear substances can not be established. 3. The nuclear substances of epidermis & guard cells may migrate out of stomata; those of pollen mother cells may mig-rate to tapetum, those of ripen pollen grains may migrate out, thus leaving empty cell walls degenerated; those of me-gaspores & embryo sacs may migrate to nucellus; those of pol-lar nuelei and egg apparatus may migrate to embrye cavity, those of embryo cells may migrate to endosperm or embryo sac cavity. During meiosis of micro or megaspore mother cells the migrations of nuclear substances are not limited at the stage of synizesis, but occur at any stage of meiosis. The noti no-tion of intercellular migratons of protoplasm as a means of absolute translocation of matter in vascular plants is certainy unreliable. 4. The chromosome number is not constant both in somatic and sexual cells, sporogenesis and gametogenesis are not normal and zygotes degenerate early owing to unbalanced nuclear ty-pes of eggs and spermatids. Phenomena observed are not con-tradictory to "Morgan Chromosome" Theory. 5. Zygotes degenerate early and can not develope to emb-ryes. Sexual reproduction is substituted. by vegetative repro-duction through the development of synergid or adventitious embryos Intercellar migrations of nuclear substances have no definite directions or patterns, and the change of cnromoso-me number can not be calculated. Cytomixis can arouse muta-tion or not, needs further study. 6. Differences to stain reaction, affinity to acid and basic dyes of both chromatic substances and nucleoli of the same nucleus are observed. They can not explain the differences between old and new nuclei. The great majority of pollen grains degenerate, the great majority of megaspores and embryo sacs develope abnormlly, fertilization may be abnormal, zygotes degenerate early and sexual reproduction loses its function. The notions of the "Su-periority of Amitosis" and "Nuclear Renovation" can hardly be accepted. 7. Amitosis and interecellular migrations of nuclear subs-tances may be observed by different kinds of methods inclu-ding vital observations in different tissues of different plants.Phenomena observed are real facts and of general occurrences, but they cause the appearence of a series of abnormal and de-generating phenomena. Real facts and general occurence are not necessarily normal phenomena. 8. Amitosis and inter-cellular migrations of nuclear subs-tances are abnormal phenomena resulting degeneration and not morpho-genetic movement. The frequency of intercellular mig-rations of nuclear substances are similar to that of other ab-normal phenomena during meiosis as a measurement of dege-neration. Our study proves the "Morgan Chromosome Theory" in genetics and has practical use as guiding line to agriculurai genetices for the improvement of species.