岩溶城市背景下贵阳市峰丛苔藓植物多样性分布及其生态特征

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以贵州典型岩溶地区贵阳市云岩区的3座峰丛为研究对象，对苔藓植物的多样性分布及其生态特征进行调查研究。结果表明：（1）该区域内，苔藓植物由13科31属62种组成；其中苔类有1科1属2种，藓类12科30属60种；（2）苔藓植物生活型有3种，主要为交织型（占61.3%）和丛集型（占35.5%）；（3）3座峰丛苔藓植物物种丰富度指数排序为仙人洞山>照壁山>东山；3座峰丛苔藓植物的Pielou指数差距不大，表明物种个体分布较为均匀；相似性指数结果表明东山与照壁山、仙人洞山苔藓物种有较大差异性，岩性是影响其差异性的重要原因之一；（4）苔藓物种数在3座峰丛山底、山腰和山顶呈现不同的分布规律，导致此趋势的直接原因可能为人为干扰；（5）CCA排序表明人类活动频繁的东山和照壁山，影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子为人为干扰，其次为海拔高度；受人为干扰程度轻的仙人洞山，苔藓植物的分布规律则受自然环境因子（海拔高度、光照、土壤温度）影响。美灰藓（Eurohypnum leptothallum）作为最大优势种，能适应严峻的自然环境和人为干扰，其抗干扰能力对改善恶化环境具有潜在价值。

关键词: 岩溶城市, 峰丛苔藓, 多样性分布, 人为干扰, 环境因子

Abstract: We studied the diversity and ecological characteristics of bryophytes on three peak clusters in the Yunyan district of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. The results are as follows:(1) A total of 62 bryophytes from 31 genera and 13 families were recorded. Among them there are 2 species of liverworts belonging to 1 genus and 1 family, 60 species of mosses belonging to 12 families and 30 genera; (2) There are three life-forms of bryophytes, mainly including wefts and turfs accounting for 61.3% and 35.5%, respectively; (3) The richness index of bryophyte species in three peaks cluster are in the descending order of Xianrendong Mountain, Zhaobi Mountain, and Dong Mountain. The Pielou index of bryophytes in three peaks cluster has little difference, showing that the distribution of individual species is more uniform. The similarity index results show that the bryophyte species of Dong Mountain and the Zhaobi Mountain, and Xianrendong Mountain are quite different. One of the important reasons for the differences is lithology; (4) The number of the bryophyte species shows different law in mountain bottom, mountain side and mountain top, which may be caused by human disturbance; (5) A Canonical Correspondence analysis showed that the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of bryophytes in Zhaobi Mountain and Dong Mountain is human disturbance, followed by altitude. The distribution of bryophytes in Xianrendong Mountain with mild human disturbance was affected by natural environmental factors(altitude, light and soil temperature). As the dominant species, Eurohypnum leptothallum well inhabited in harsh natural environment with strong human disturbances, which provide a potential value for improving the deteriorating environment.

Key words: karst urban, bryophyte of peak cluster, diversity distribution, human disturbance, environmental factor

中图分类号:

Q914.84

李泽科, 吴启美, 王智慧, 张朝晖. 岩溶城市背景下贵阳市峰丛苔藓植物多样性分布及其生态特征[J]. 植物研究, 2018, 38(3): 433-443.

LI Ze-Ke, WU Qi-Mei, WANG Zhi-Hui, ZHANG Zhao-Hui. Diversity and Ecological Characteristics of Bryophytes from Peak Cluster under the Background of Karst Urban[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(3): 433-443.

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