陕北黄土区雨季后山地枣林土壤水分动态变化研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取陕北延川县齐家山红枣试验基地枣林地、苹果林地和撂荒草地为研究对象进行土壤水分动态变化研究，结果表明：①不同坡位、不同坡向和不同整地方式的枣林地土壤水分存在显著差异；其中，研究区下坡位土壤水分最高，为14.19%；阴坡土壤水分最高，为14.19%；水平阶整地枣林土壤水分显著高于原状坡。②研究区不同植被类型间土壤水分垂直变化趋势基本一致。枣林地土壤水分最高，为11.49%；不同植被类型0~100 cm土壤贮水量依次表现为枣林地（144.76 mm） > 苹果林地（124.19 mm） > 撂荒草地（72.20 mm）。③不同植被类型土壤贮水亏缺度存在差异。雨季前，0~20 cm土层亏缺度最小，平均亏缺度表现为撂荒草地 > 枣林 > 苹果林；雨季后，土壤水分亏缺度表现为撂荒草地 > 苹果 > 枣林，除枣林地外均高于雨季前土壤水分亏缺度。④雨季后，研究区3种植被类型0~20 cm土层土壤水分亏缺加剧；20~100 cm土层中，枣林土壤贮水补偿度为正值，土壤水分得到补偿，但最高仅为22.95%，枣林土壤水分仍处于亏缺状态并未完全恢复；苹果林地土壤贮水补偿度则为负值，表明土壤水分亏缺进一步加剧；撂荒草地土壤水分补偿度基本维持在0左右，土壤水分亏缺没有持续恶化。

关键词: 陕北黄土区, 枣林, 土壤贮水量, 土壤水分亏缺度, 土壤贮水补偿度

Abstract: With the jujube forest, apple forest and abandoned grassland in the Qijiashan jujube test base of Yanchuan, northern Shaanxi as the research objects, we studied the dynamic change of soil moisture. There were significant differences in soil moisture among jujube forests at different slope positions, slope directions and land preparation methods. Among them, the highest soil moisture of all slope positions was in the lower slope, being 14.19%; the highest soil moisture of all slope directions was in the shady slope, being 14.19%; the soil moisture of the horizontal terrace was significantly higher than that of the original slope. The vertical trends of soil moisture among different vegetation types in the study area were basically same. The soil moisture of jujube forest was the highest, 11.49%; the soil water storage in 0 to 100 cm of different vegetation types was jujube forest land(144.76 mm) > apple land(124.19 mm) > the smallest(72.20 mm). There were differences in soil water storage deficits of different vegetation types. Before the rainy season, the 0 to 20 cm soil layer had the smallest deficit, and the sequence of the average deficit degree from high to low was grassland, jujube forest and apple forest; after the rainy season, the descending sequence of the soil water deficit was grassland, apple forest and jujube forest. Soil water deficit after the rainy season was higher than that before the rainy season, except jujube forest. After the rainy season, the soil water deficit in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer of the three vegetation types in the study area increased; in the 20 to 100 cm soil layer, the soil water storage compensation degree of the jujube forest was positive, and the soil moisture was compensated, but the highest compensation degree was only 22.95%, and the soil moisture of jujube forest was still in a state of deficit and had not fully recovered. The soil water storage compensation degree of apple forest was negative, indicating that the soil water deficit was further aggravated. The grassland soil water compensation degree maintained around 0, and the soil water deficit did not continue to deteriorate.

Key words: loess area in Northern Shaanxi, jujube forest, soil water storage, soil water deficit degree, soil water storage compensation degree

中图分类号:

S152.7

艾宁, 宗巧鱼, 高金续, 强大宏, 刘长海. 陕北黄土区雨季后山地枣林土壤水分动态变化研究[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(4): 559-567.

AI Ning, ZONG Qiao-Yu, GAO Jin-Xu, QIANG Da-Hong, LIU Chang-Hai. Dynamics Change of Soil Moisture in Mountain Jujube Forest after Rainy Season in Loess Area of Northern Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(4): 559-567.

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