哈尔滨行道树的空间异质性分析

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.04.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市行道树空间异质性分析是优化城市森林调查、科学管理与生态服务功能提升的基础。本研究以哈尔滨为例，基于网络街景测定哈尔滨市879个样方、26 140棵行道树的树高、胸径、冠幅、冠下高等指标，半方差函数和分形分析相结合，旨在确定树木空间异质性特征，为分析城市森林合理采样布点提供依据。结果发现，不同指标存在明显的空间异质性，表现为自相关距离明显差异，但是没有明显的方向性（在0°、45°、90°、135°方向上各向同性）。这些空间异质性受结构、随机因素影响，但是不同指标明显不同，即：冠幅空间变化中随机因素占比为26.56%，而冠下高、树高、胸径的占比分别为8.16%、8.14%、12.80%，后者更多的受城市化相关的结构因素影响（>88%）。冠幅、冠下高、树高、胸径的变程分别为2 340、1 320、1 470、1 890 m，考虑到采样间距应控制在变程之内就可以有效揭示空间格局特征，测量不同指标的最小采样数量为：冠幅156个样方；冠下高440个样方；树高360个样方；胸径224个样方。分形分析结果显示，哈尔滨树木冠幅、冠下高、树高、胸径的D值分别为1.957、1.961、1.961和1.971，都接近于2，说明空间变异主要发生在各个样方间（距离：666 m），与半方差函数分析交互验证。我们的研究结果为哈尔滨市城市森林研究与管理提供了基础数据支持，有助于今后研究确定合理的采样方案。

关键词: 冠幅, 冠下高, 树高, 胸径, 半方差分析, 分形分析, 空间异质性

Abstract: Spatial heterogeneity analysis of urban street trees is the basis for optimizing the surveying method and scientificmanagementandimproving the ecological service of urban forest. In order to provide basis for analyzing of reasonable sampling sites of urban forest, the internet street view picture-based remote measurements were used to determine canopy size[CS](average width),under branch height[UBH], tree height[TH] and diameter at breast height[DBH] in a total of 879 plots(26 140 trees), combining with the semivariogram analysis and fractal analysis, to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of urban treesin Harbin. By anisotropy analysis,the insignificant differences in the spatial heterogeneity of CS, UBH, TH, DBH in Harbin city were found at 0°, 45°, 90°,amd 135° directions. As shown by the Nugget/base ratio, random effects accounted for 26.56% of spatial heterogeneity of CS, while much less random effects were responsible for the spatial heterogeneity of UBH, TH, DBH(8.16%, 8.14%, and 12.80% of the total heterogeneity, respectively). Thus, the results suggested that the spatial variations of UBH, TH and DBH were likely to be mainly due to the urbanization-related structural factors(such as urban planning etc.) (>88%). The results indicated that spatial heterogeneityof urban tree varied with different tree size parameters, showing significant difference by the self-correlation length(semi-variogram range), i. e. the semi-variogram range values for CS, UBH, TH, DBH were 2 340, 1 320, 1 470 and 1 890 m, respectively. For precisely identifying thespatial heterogeneity of tree size, sampling interval should be within the semi-variogram range. Our data showed the minimum sampling numbers for measuring the targeted indicators are 156 plots for the CS, 440 plots for the UBH, 360 plots for the TH and 224 plots for the DBH. Fractal analysis showed that the fractal values(D value) of CS, UBH, TH, DBH were 1.957, 1.961, 1.961 and 1.971, respectively. The similar fractal values of the targeted indicators, which were close to 2, could suggest that that their spatial variations were mainly observed in smaller scales between neighboring plots(distance:666m). The results of this study provide basic data to support the further research and scientific management ofthe urban forest in Harbin City, as well as to determine reasonable sampling plans in the future study.

Key words: canopy size, under the branch height, tree height, diameter at breast height, semivariance analysis, fractal analysis, spatial heterogeneity

中图分类号:

Q948.11

刘晓, 周伟, 王文杰. 哈尔滨行道树的空间异质性分析[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(4): 590-597.

LIU Xiao, ZHOU Wei, WANG Wen-Jie. Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Street Trees in Harbin,China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(4): 590-597.

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