多伞阿魏的繁育系统及其生态适应性

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多伞阿魏（Ferula ferulaeoides）是新疆特有的类短命植物，具有巨大的生态作用和潜在的经济价值。实验通过研究多伞阿魏的花部形态特征、繁殖系统及传粉昆虫，来阐明其对生态环境的响应。结果表明：（1）多伞阿魏花序花期一般持续10~15 d，单花花期为7~10 d，两性花呈现雌雄异位和雌雄异熟的现象；（2）其繁育系统类型为兼性异交，存在自交部分亲和，自然结果率较高，为72.24%；（3）传粉昆虫多种多样，其中以双翅目和膜翅目昆虫居多；（4）开花当天的花粉活力呈单峰曲线，在12：00时活力最高，柱头可授性在花药完全散粉后第2天最强。

关键词: 多伞阿魏, 花部形态, 繁育系统, 访花昆虫

Abstract: Ferula ferulaeoides is a endemic species of ephemeroid plant in Xinjiang. It has great ecological function and potential economic value. In this experiment, we studied the floral morphological characteristics, breeding system and pollination insects of F.ferulaeoides. To explain the mechanism about the adaptation of environment. The results showed that:(1)The F.ferulaeoides inflorescence anthesis lasted for 10-15 d and the single flower florescence was 7 days. Herkogamy and dichogamy were found in the hermaphroditic flower; (2)The type of breeding system was out-crossing mixed with self-pollination and the fruiting rate was 72.24% under natural conditions; (3)Many species of insects visited the flowers and most of them were Diptera and Hymenoptera; (4)The pollen viability on the first day of anthesis was highest at 12:00, the stigma receptivity was strongest after the second day of completely disseminating pollen.

Key words: Ferula ferulaeoides, flower morphology, breeding system, pollinators

中图分类号:

Q949.763.3

赵晓依, 王仲科, 李桂芳, 吕新华, 赵文勤, 庄丽. 多伞阿魏的繁育系统及其生态适应性[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(3): 321-328.

ZHAO Xiao-Yi, WANG Zhong-Ke, LI Gui-Fang, LÜ Xin-Hua, ZHAO Wen-Qin, ZHUANG Li. A Study on Breeding Characteristics and Ecological Adaptability of the Ferula ferulaeoides[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(3): 321-328.

参考文献

1. Willson M F. Plant reproductive ecology[J]. Systematic Botany,1985,10(3):375.
2. 任明迅,姜新华,张大勇. 植物繁殖生态学的若干重要问题[J]. 生物多样性,2012,20(3):241-249. Ren M X,Jiang X H,Zhang D Y. Some important questions in plant reproductive ecology[J]. Biodiversity Science,2012,20(3):241-249.
3. Clivati D,Cordeiro G D,Pachno B J,et al. Reproductive biology and pollination of Utricularia reniformis A. St. -Hil. (Lentibulariaceae)[J]. Plant Biology,2014,16(3):677-682.
4. 张大勇. 植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004:97-164. Zhang D Y. Plant life-history evolution and reproductive ecology[M]. Beijing:Science press,2004:97-164.
5. 胡云,赵淑文,燕玲. 大白刺传粉生物学特性研究[J]. 中国园艺文摘,2016,32(2):13-15. Hu Y,Zhao S W,Yan L. Study on pollination biology characteristics of Nitraria roborowskii[J]. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2016,32(2):13-15.
6. 何婷,杨丽娟,徐静,等. 《回回药方》中阿魏的本草考证[J]. 中华中医药杂志,2017,32(3):980-983. He T,Yang L J,Xu J,et al. Textual research on asafetida in Huihui Yaofang[J]. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Pharmacy,2017,32(3):980-983.
7. Tan Y,Gao T T,Wang H,et al. Chemical constituents of Ferula syreitschikowii[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds,2017,53(1):147-148.
8. Lan Z,Tong X P,Jin Z,et al. DAW22,a natural sesquiterpene coumarin isolated from Ferula ferulaeoides(Steud) Korov. that induces C6 glioma cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress[J]. Fitoterapia,2015,103:46-54.
9. Liu Y H,Guo J W,Li L,et al. Endophytic bacteria associated with endangered plant Ferula sinkiangensis,K. M. Shen in an arid land:diversity and plant growth-promoting traits[J]. Journal of Arid Land,2017,9(3):635-635.
10. Dettori C A,Loi M C,Brullo S,et al. The genetic diversity and structure of the Ferula communis L. complex(Apiaceae) in the Tyrrhenian area[J]. Flora,2016,223:138-146.
11. 阚萌萌,王恒,康东建,等. 新疆荒地阿魏遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J]. 中草药,2017,48(10):2100-2104. Kan M M,Wang H,Kang D J,et al. ISSR analysis on genetic diversity of Ferula syreitschikowii in Xinjiang province[J]. Chinese Traditional & Herbal Drugs,2017,48(10):2100-2104.
12. 赵保胜,桂海水,朱寅获,等. 阿魏化学成分、药理作用及毒性研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(17):279-281. Zhao B S,Gui H S,Zhu Y D,et al. Research progress in chemical components,pharmacological effectiveness and toxicity of Ferula assafoetid[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2011,17(17):279-281.
13. 田聪,谢丽琼,李冠. 珍稀药用植物新疆阿魏种子萌发特性研究[J]. 种子,2008,27(5):88-90. Tian C,Xie L Q,Li G. Germination characters of the seeds of the Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen[J]. Seed,2008,27(5):88-90.
14. 许琼明,李国强,刘艳丽,等. 阜康阿魏中倍半萜香豆素类化学成分研究[J]. 中国药学杂志,2009,44(4):255-257. Xu Q M,Li G Q,Liu Y L,et al. Study on sesquiterpenoid coumarins from the root of Ferula fukanensis K. M. Shen[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2009,44(4):255-257.
15. 李超颖. 新疆阿魏化学成分及高效液相指纹图谱研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014. Li C Y. Studies of the chemical constituents and the HPLC fingerprints of Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen[D]. Urumchi:Xinjiang University,2014.
16. 付勇,庄丽,王仲科,等. 新疆野生多伞阿魏生境土壤理化性质和土壤微生物[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(10):3279-3287. Fu Y,Zhuang L,Wang Z K,et al. On the physical chemical and soil microbial properties of soils in the habitat of wild Ferula in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(10):3279-3287.
17. Wu Z Y,Raven P H,Hong D Y. Flora of China(Apiaceae)[M]. Beijing:Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden,2005,14:1-205.
18. 刘海军,庄丽,张莉,等. 多伞阿魏生殖生物学特性的初步研究[J]. 石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2013,31(4):403-407. Liu H J,Zhuang L,Zhang L,et al. A Preliminary study on the characteristics of productive biology of Ferula ferulaeoides[J]. Journal of Shihezi University:Natural Science,2013,31(4):403-407.
19. Dafni A,Maues M M. A rapid and simple procedure to determine stigma receptivity[J]. Sexual Plant Reproduction,1998,11(3):177-180.
20. 陈垣,徐博琼,郭凤霞,等. 暗紫贝母花器官特征及有性繁育系统研究[J]. 草业学报,2017,26(1):90-98. Chen Y,Xu B Q,Guo F X,et al. Studies of the floral organ characteristics and sexual breeding system of Fritillaria unibracteata[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(1):90-98.
21. 廖云海,陆嘉惠,张际昭,等. 光果甘草生殖生物学特性的初步研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2010,30(5):939-943. Liao Y H,Lu J H,Zhang J Z,et al. A preliminary study on the characteristics of reproductive biology of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(5):939-943.
22. 张振春. 两种伞形科植物雄全同株性系统的生态适应对策[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2009. Zhang Z C. The ecological adaptive strategies on and romonoecious sex system of two Apiaceae species[D]. Urumchi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2009.
23. Dafni A. Pollination ecology:a practical approach[M]. Oxford University Press,1992.
24. 郭红超,严成,魏岩. 木地肤的开花动态与花粉活力及柱头可授性研究[J]. 草业学报,2014,23(4):87-93. Guo H C,Yan C,Wei Y. Study on the flowering dynamic,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Kochia prostrate[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):87-93.
25. Radford A E,Dickison W C,Massey J R,et al. Vascular plant systematics[M]. New York:Quarterly Review of Biology,1974.
26. 尚利娜. 长白山地区访花昆虫与蜜源植物的协同适应[D]. 长春:东北师范大学,2010. Shang L N. Coadaptation of flowers and their visitors in Changbai mountain region[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010.
27. 张振春,谭敦炎. 雄全同株植物簇花芹花期性别分配与开花式样[J]. 植物生态学报,2012,36(1):63-71. Zhang Z C,Tan D Y. Floral sex allocation and flowering pattern in the andromonocious Soranthus meyeri(Apiaceae)[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(1):63-71.
28. 任明迅. 两性花的雄蕊运动:多样性和适应意义[J]. 植物生态学报,2010,8(4):428-440. Ren M X. Stamen movements in hermaphroditic flowers:diversity and adaptive significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,8(4):428-440.
29. Koul P,Koul A K,Hamal I A. Reproductive biology of wild and cultivated carrot(Daucus carota L.)[J]. New Phytologist,2010,112(3):437-443.
30. 杨姗霖,周永萍,施翔,等. 短命植物角茴香的开花物候与生殖特征[J]. 西北植物学报,2016,36(9):1855-1863. Yang S L,Zhou Y P,Shi X,et al. The flowering phenology and reproductive features of the ephemeral plant Hypecoum erectum L. [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(9):1855-1863.
31. 王美娜,丁圣彦,卢训令,等. 豫西山地传粉昆虫物种多样性对地貌和季节的响应[J]. 应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2879-2887. Wang M N,Ding S Y,Lu L X,et al. Response of pollinator diversity to geomorphic types and seasons in mountainous region of western Henan Province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(9):2879-2887.
32. 王思源,吴海燕,蔡正旺,等. 6种铁线莲属植物的柱头特征对传粉的适应[J]. 植物研究,2017,37(3):334-339. Wang S Y,Wu H Y,Cai Z W,et al. Characteristics of stigma in six Clematis and its adaptation to pollination[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(3):334-339.
33. 吉乃提汗·马木提,成小军,谭敦炎. 荒漠短命植物异喙菊的小花异形性及繁殖特性[J]. 生物多样性,2018(5):498-509. Mamut J,Cheng X J,Tan D Y. Heteromorphism of florets and reproductive characteristics in Heteracia szovitsii(Asteraceae),a desert ephemeral annual herb[J]. Biodiversity Science,2018(5):498-509.
34. 史艳财,唐健民,柴胜丰,等. 广西特有珍稀濒危植物小花异裂菊遗传多样性分析[J]. 广西植物,2017,37(1):9-14. Shi Y C,Tang J M,Chai S F,et al. Genetic diversity and relationship of endangered plant Heteroplexis microcephala assessed with ISSR polymorphisms[J]. Guihaia,2017,37(1):9-14.
35. 李新蓉,唐欣,付文洁. 荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的花部特征及繁育系统[J]. 生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2592-2598. Li X R,Tang X,Fu W J. Floral syndrome and breeding system of Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(10):2592-2598.
36. 别鹏飞,唐婷,胡进耀,等. 珍稀濒危植物距瓣尾囊草的开花物候和繁育系统特性[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(11):3899-3908. Bie P F,Tang T,Hu J Y,et al. Flowering phenology and Breeding system of an Endangered and Rare Species Urophysa rockii(Ranunculaceae)[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(11):3899-3908.
37. 王玉兵,梁宏伟,莫耐波,等. 珍稀濒危植物瑶山苣苔开花生物学及繁育系统研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2011,31(5):958-965. Wang Y B,Liang H W,Mo N B,et al. Flower phenology and breeding system of rare and endangered Dayaoshania cotinifolia[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(5):861-867.
38. 张颖,李燕华,张晓楠,等. 濒危红树植物红榄李开花生物学特征及繁育系统[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(1):77-81. Zhang Y,Li Y H,Zhang X N,et al. Flower phenology and breeding system of endangered mangrove Lumnitzera littorea(Jack) Voigt[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2017,23(1):77-81.

[1]	台昌锐, 赵凯, 阳艳芳, 吴彦, 翟伟, 童跃伟. 珍稀濒危植物细果秤锤树开花生物学特性和繁育系统[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(2): 311-320.
[2]	王雯婧, 陈虹帆, 邵国峻, 廖虹, 赵建立, 李庆军. 自交与异交象牙参属植物的蜜腺结构及其生物学意义[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(3): 364-372.
[3]	陈兰英, 肖肖, 肖娟. 不同大花类群淫羊藿属植物的花部特征及生殖特征研究[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(6): 808-816.
[4]	陈香波, 吕秀立, 刘杨, 赵明水, 崔心红, 张冬梅. 极度濒危树种羊角槭花部形态特征及开花动态[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(3): 329-337.
[5]	李亚兰, 梁凤丽. 线叶忍冬开花动态特征与繁育系统研究[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(4): 503-510.
[6]	徐小圆；周玲玲*；王仲科；庄丽. 簇枝补血草花的二态性及繁育系统研究[J]. 植物研究, 2015, 35(6): 883-890.
[7]	李小波;庄丽*;王仲科;徐智全. 不同生长时期多伞阿魏土壤养分及光合特性比较研究[J]. 植物研究, 2012, 32(2): 151-158.
[8]	刘开全;邓洪平*. 重庆特有濒危植物缙云黄芩的繁育系统研究[J]. 植物研究, 2011, 31(4): 403-407.
[9]	王娅丽;王锦秀;常红宇;倪细炉;田英;秦彬彬. 枸杞新品系NQ-2开花生物学研究[J]. 植物研究, 2011, 31(3): 330-335.
[10]	李金霞;苏雪;刘玉国;陈明忠;孙坤. 黄花角蒿(Incarvillea sinensis* var. przewalskii)开花动态及繁育系统的研究[J]. 植物研究, 2011, 31(2): 147-151.
[11]	宋玉霞;郭生虎;牛东玲;郑国琦;马洪爱;李　苗. 濒危植物肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola）繁育系统研究[J]. 植物研究, 2008, 28(3): 278-282.
[12]	刘祥君, 丁美美, 张桂香, 赵丽, 李瑞军. 东北地区野豌豆属植物花生物学和繁育系统研究[J]. 植物研究, 1997, 17(4): 421-430.