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植物研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 815-817.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.06.003

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生境的破坏或改变对杉科种属分布的影响

黄普华   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-10 出版日期:2016-11-15 发布日期:2016-11-16
  • 作者简介:黄普华(1932-),男,主要从事树木学植物分类学教学与研究工作。

Effects of Destruction and Alteration of Habitat on Distribution of Specific Genera of Taxodiaceae

HUANG Pu-Hua   

  1. College of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
  • Received:2016-08-10 Online:2016-11-15 Published:2016-11-16

摘要: 杉科共有10个属16种,其中5个是单种属(水杉属、水松属、巨杉属、北美红杉属、金松属),5个是寡种属(杉木属、台湾杉属、柳杉属、落羽杉属、密叶杉属),两者各占50%。分布于北温带地区,多在东亚和北美洲,仅密叶杉属分布于南半球澳大利亚的塔斯马尼亚。植物与生境是一个互相依存的统一体,而生境的破坏或改变对杉科植物种属分布有严重的影响。在美国加利福尼亚洲现今仅有巨杉和北美红杉两个单种属,这是由于火山爆发留下来,现在仅分布于美国加州部分地区。

关键词: 杉科, 单种属, 寡种属, 化石, 孑遗种

Abstract: A Taxodiaceae family is with 10 genera 16 species,including 5 monospecific genera(Metasequoia, Glyptostrobus,Sequoiadendron, Sequoia and Sciadopitys), and 5 oligospecific genera(Cunninghaimia, Tawania, Cryptomeria,Taxodium and Athrotaxis), each accounting for 50%. Taxodiaceae is distributed in north temperate regions, mostly in East Asia and North America, and only a genus Athrotaxisis in Australia Tasmania. Plants and habitat are an interdependent entity. Destruction and alteration of habitatis a serious problem for the distribution of specific genera of Taxodiaceae family. Monospecific genera mostly are relict species(living fossil), but there is only fossil in Europe due to destruction in the quaternary glacial period. Today, there are only 2 monospecific genera of Sequoiadendron and Sequoia due to the volcanoin a small area of California, US.

Key words: Taxodiaceae, monopecific genus, oligospecific genus, fossil, relict specific

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