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植物研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 379-384.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2010.03.023

• 论文 • 上一篇    

单系、并系、多系之评述

刘海桑   

  1. 厦门华侨亚热带植物引种园,厦门 361002
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-05-20 发布日期:2010-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘海桑
  • 基金资助:
     

On Monophyly,Paraphyly and Polyphyly

LIU Hai-Sang   

  1. Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden,Xiamen 361002
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-05-20 Published:2010-05-20
  • Contact: LIU Hai-Sang
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 单系、并系和多系是系统重建的3个关键术语,但它们迄今仍无公认的定义。运用离散数学的集合论和图论以及系统生物学的格局支序论探讨单系、并系和多系以往定义的优点与缺陷。基于集合论和图论首次阐明以往并系和多系不能被完全区分的原因。此外,阐明了任一物种,就其直接起源的不可替换性而言,就同一个物种的不同个体之间的亲缘关系与该物种和任何其他物种之间的亲缘关系的比较而言,或就其独特的演化历史而言,都是单系的。因而,对单系、并系和多系的准确定义应当确保任一物种都是单系的,并使这三者有截然不同的区别。

关键词: 图论, 单系, 并系, 多系, 集合论, 格局支序论

Abstract: Monophyly, paraphyly and polyphyly are three pivotal terminologies for reconstructing natural system, but their definitions have not been generally accepted as yet. Advantages and drawbacks of every set of definitions of monophyly, paraphyly and polyphyly are discussed with the help of set theory and graph theory of discrete mathematics and transformed cladism of systematic biology. The reason that previous paraphyly couldn’t be differentiated from polyphyly is first clarified based on set theory and graph theory. In addition, every species could be monophyletic based on its unique direct origin which could not be replaced by all other origins, based on comparison of the relation between individuals of the same species with the relation between this species and any other species, or based on its unique evolutionary history. As a result, their exact definitions should ensure that any species could be monophyletic, and ensure that they three are quite distinct from one another.

Key words: graph theory, monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly, set theory, transformed cladism

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