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植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 403-411.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.03.010

• 遗传与育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国‘苦水’玫瑰杂交育性的初步研究

汪颖, 张玉洁, 焦子惠, 李雪丽, 王凯, 达晓伟, 孙坤, 张辉()   

  1. 西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-11 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 张辉 E-mail:zhanghui@nwnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:汪颖(1995—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事系统与进化植物学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31060033)

Preliminary Study on Cross Fertility in ‘Kushui’ Rose

Ying WANG, Yujie ZHANG, Zihui JIAO, Xueli LI, Kai WANG, Xiaowei DA, Kun SUN, Hui ZHANG()   

  1. College of Life Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2020-06-11 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-05-20
  • Contact: Hui ZHANG E-mail:zhanghui@nwnu.edu.cn
  • About author:WANG Ying(1995—),female,graduate student,mainly engaged in systematic and evolutionary botany research.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060033)

摘要:

油用玫瑰主栽品种‘苦水’玫瑰的栽培园区总见千花无果现象,为此,本研究对‘苦水’玫瑰的杂交育性进行了遗传学研究。授粉试验发现,自然授粉和人工辅助授粉时‘苦水’玫瑰自交不结实;异交时,‘苦水’玫瑰作为母本与‘丰花’玫瑰、‘四季’玫瑰、‘艳霞’玫瑰、重瓣黄刺玫之间具有亲和性,而作为父本与杂交母本都无法成功授粉结实。在雄蕊花瓣化、P/O值、花粉异型性和花粉萌发率等生殖特征中发现‘苦水’玫瑰的花粉畸形现象严重,萌发率近似为零。进而,显微观察小孢子母细胞减数分裂各时相发现‘苦水’玫瑰中存在染色体分配行为不协调,胞质分裂不均一,四分体中有三分体等异常现象。由此可见‘苦水’玫瑰的异常减数分裂行为致花粉败育妨碍其做父本时的受精结实,故雄性不育而非蔷薇科常见的自交不亲和性,是‘苦水’玫瑰自交不结实的主要原因,也表明作为母本通过杂交育种方法改良‘苦水’玫瑰的种质是可行的。

关键词: ‘苦水’玫瑰, 花粉败育, 雄性不育, 减数分裂, 杂交育性

Abstract:

In order to explore the reason why there is no fruit in autumn despite of thousands of flowers of ‘Kushui’ rose(Rosa sertate × R. rugosa Yu. et. Ku.) blossoming in garden, we conducted a genetic research on its cross fertility in this study. The results showed that the selfing of ‘Kushui’ rose did not bear fruit in nature or by artificial pollination. Meanwhile, there were no fruit obtained once pollen of ‘Kushui’ rose being pollinated on the stigmas of the other varieties in Rosa. In contrast to this, ‘Kushui’ rose could produce amount of seeds when pollinated with pollen from the same other materials. All evidences supported that the pollen of ‘Kushui’ rose rose was sterile. Further, several reproductive features, such as stamen petallization, P/O value, pollen heteromorphorsis, and pollen germination rate were studied, with the results showing the pollen of ‘Kushui’ rose deformed so seriously that the germination rate was nearly zero. Furthermore, microscopic observation of pollen mother cells at different phases of meiosis revealed there were so much abnormal behaviors of chromosome allocation as well as unequal cytokinesis that plenty of triads were yielded that coexisting with deformed tetrad in pollen sac. In conclusion, the study shows that the abnormal division of pollen mother cells of ‘Kushui’ rose is responsible for the pollen sterility and no fruit setting when used as paternal parent in hybridization. And that pollen abortion causing male sterile, rather than self-incompatibility commonly distributing in Rosaceae, is responsible for the intraspecific cross infertility of ‘Kushui’ rose, further implying it is feasible to improve its germplasm by acting as a maternal in cross-breeding.

Key words: ‘Kushui’ rose, pollen abortion, male sterility, meiosis, cross fertility

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